Ubuntu下利用python实现自动打卡系统全过程

系统版本：Debian or Ubuntu
Python版本：3.xx以上
实现功能：1.能自动打卡并定时启动；2.截图保存打卡信息；3.发送邮件通知。
因为学校规定要求每天打卡，博主人懒又经常忘记打卡导致辅导员经常在大群里@我，属实尴尬。故干脆把吃灰的香橙派H616（无桌面版Ubuntu sever镜像）拿来挂打卡脚本。欸，舒服了。

1.安装python环境和用到的包

先安装 pip3工具和相应的库

sudo apt install -y python3-pip  python3-dev python3-setuptools libxml2-dev libxslt1-dev

因为网页上有中文所以需要安装中文字库，否则截图里会有乱码

sudo apt-get -y install fontconfig xfonts-utils

也可以手动添加字库

再安装python包

pip3 install wheel selenium pillow yagmail

这里是selenium和chrom_driver安装教程链接

新建chrominum文件，把下载下来的.deb文件都复制进去

 cd ./chromium/

sudo dpkg -i *.deb

我在安装时出现包依赖错误：dpkg: error processing package ***(–install): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
解决方案：sudo apt install -f
在安装pillow时会出现很多错误比如：The headers or library files could not be found for jpeg
解决方案： sudo apt-get install libjpeg-dev zlib1g-dev
pillow库的依赖很多还会有其他错误,奇奇怪怪的错误挨着百度就好了

2.码代码

整体流程框图

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.edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3}#mermaid-svg-EF7lhgUDGfRv5FNP .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2}#mermaid-svg-EF7lhgUDGfRv5FNP .marker{fill:#333}#mermaid-svg-EF7lhgUDGfRv5FNP .marker.cross{stroke:#333}:root { --mermaid-font-family: "trebuchet ms", verdana, arial;}#mermaid-svg-EF7lhgUDGfRv5FNP {color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75);font: ;}

输入账户密码等

读取config.json获取用户信息

进入网站

登入打卡页面

填写各种信息和验证码

提交打卡结果并截图

1.打卡模块

挑重点讲讲将这个验证码识别吧。我尝试过本地的tessocr-OCR文本识别率感人，验证码纯随便。想用Opencv又感觉太浪费了。所以就去百度申请了一个ocr的api，免费的，有几千调用次数。欸，白嫖就很舒服了。还有个小难点，这个验证码无法直接扒取，只能通过截图保存。因此，需要在整张页面中做一个自适定位并截取的工作。
附代码：

def Analyze_code(screen_shot,chrom_driver):element = chrom_driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="app"]/div/div[3]/div[7]/div/img') #找验证码图片#print(element.location)                # 打印元素坐标#print(element.size)                    # 打印元素大小left = element.location['x']top = element.location['y']/2 #这里要除以2，不知道为啥得到的y轴像素有问题right = element.location['x'] + element.size['width']bottom = element.location['y'] + element.size['height']image = Image.open(screen_shot)cropped = image.crop((left, top, right, bottom))cropped.save('pil_cut_thor.png')#调用tesserocr的image_to_text()方法，传入image对象完成识别# cropped = image.crop(( 720-200, 2400-300,720,2400-180))  # (left, upper, right, lower)# cropped.save("pil_cut_thor.png")time.sleep(0.2)'''#本地识别#新建Image对象#调用tesserocr的image_to_text()方法，传入image对象完成识别check = Image.open("pil_cut_thor.png")time.sleep(0.2)result = tesserocr.image_to_text(check)print(result)return result'''#在线识别# 二进制方式打开图片文件f = open("pil_cut_thor.png", 'rb')img = base64.b64encode(f.read())params = {"image":img}access_token = '自己申请’request_url = "https://aip.baidubce.com/rest/2.0/ocr/v1/accurate_basic"request_url = request_url + "?access_token=" + access_tokenheaders = {'content-type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'}response = requests.post(request_url, data=params, headers=headers)if response:print (response.json())response_json = json.dumps(response.json())  #解析jsonraw_check_num = json.loads(response_json)['words_result'][0]['words']check_num  = raw_check_num.replace( " ","")print("验证码为："+check_num)return check_num

2.邮件发送模块

去email网站申请一个邮箱，并开通SMTP服务

import yagmail  # 邮件发送模块
import time#通过邮件将新生成的文件发送到自己的邮箱
def send_email(user_name,email,staus):yag = yagmail.SMTP(user='你的邮箱',password='密码',host='主域名)t = time.localtime()send_time=time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",t)contents = [user_name+'同学你好，你在'+send_time+'打卡'+staus[0]+'('+staus[1]+')，截图已经上传到附件，请查收']contents = contents + [staus[2]]yag.send(email, '请查看'+user_name+'的打卡结果', contents)print('------邮件发送成功啦！')

3.定时启动

这里直接百度cron 或者 crontab，网上有更详细的教程，这里只做简单记录
这里是可供参考的教程
首先编辑定时任务列表

sudo crontab -e

第一次使用会让你选择编辑器，我这里选vim，大家随意。
在文件中添加

0 9 * * * /home/orangepi/auto_test/test.py >> /home/orangepi/auto_test/test.log 2>&1

每天上午9点执行我的test.py脚本，并打印日志文件
注意自己板子上的时区。而且crontab执行脚本不会进入脚本所在路径，所以有文件操作的地方需要注意路径问题，即相对路径会操作失败，需要转换成绝对路径。：

orangepi@orangepizero2: timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai
orangepi@orangepizero2: date -R
Wed, 12 May 2021 13:47:56 +0800

absolutepath=os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))+'/'

效果图展示

运行的界面

保存的截图

收到的邮件