C++运算符重载典型习题---复数类 String类分数类

一、复数类(Complex class)

complex.cpp：

/*****************************************************
copyright (C), 2019-2020, Lighting Studio. Co.,     Ltd.
File name：
Author：xozofunny    Version:0.1    Date:
Description：
Funcion List:
*****************************************************/#include <iostream>
using namespace std;class Complex{
private:float m_real;float m_imag;public:Complex():m_real(0), m_imag(0){}Complex(float a, float b){m_real = a;m_imag = b;}~Complex(){}//以成员函数重载+Complex operator+(Complex &obj);Complex operator-(Complex &obj);Complex operator*(Complex &obj);Complex operator/(Complex &obj);//重载输入输出流只能用友元函数friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, Complex& obj);friend istream& operator>>(istream& in, Complex& obj);void show();};Complex Complex :: operator+(Complex &obj)//复数相加
{Complex tmp;tmp.m_real = m_real + obj.m_real;tmp.m_imag = m_imag + obj.m_imag;return tmp;
}Complex Complex :: operator-(Complex &obj)//复数相减
{Complex tmp;tmp.m_real = m_real - obj.m_real;tmp.m_imag = m_imag - obj.m_imag;return tmp;
}Complex Complex :: operator*(Complex &obj)//复数相乘
{Complex tmp;tmp.m_real = (m_real * obj.m_real) - (m_imag * obj.m_imag);tmp.m_imag = (m_imag * obj.m_real) + (m_real * obj.m_imag);return tmp;
}Complex Complex:: operator/(Complex &obj)//复数相除
{Complex tmp;tmp.m_real = (((m_real * obj.m_real) + (m_imag * obj.m_imag)) / ((obj.m_real * obj.m_real) + (obj.m_imag * obj.m_imag)));tmp.m_imag = (((m_imag * obj.m_real) - (m_real * obj.m_imag)) / ((obj.m_real * obj.m_real) + (obj.m_imag * obj.m_imag)));return tmp;
}void Complex :: show()//默认的public成员函数
{cout<<"result is "<<m_real<<"+"<<"j"<<m_imag<<endl;
}//重载的输出流， 可以直接用来输出一个对象
ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, Complex& obj)//重载<<运算符
{if(obj != NULL)out<<obj.m_real<<" "<<"+"<<" "<<obj.m_imag<<"i";return out;
}istream& operator>>(istream& in, Complex& obj)//重载>>运算符
{in>>obj.m_real>>obj.m_imag;return in;
}int main()
{Complex obj1(2,3);
//两者占用不同的内存空间Complex obj2(4,5);Complex obj3 = obj1 + obj2;obj3.show();obj3 = obj2 - obj1;obj3.show();obj3 = obj2 * obj1;//obj3.show();cout<<obj3<<endl;obj3 = obj1 / obj2;//obj3.show();cout<<obj3<<endl;return 0;
}

测试结果：

二、string类

my_string.h

#ifndef __MYSTRING_H__
#define __MYSTRING_H__#include <iostream>
using namespace std;class MyString
{friend ostream & operator<<(ostream& out, const MyString& str);friend istream & operator>>(istream& in, MyString& str);
public:MyString();MyString(int len);MyString(const char *p);MyString(const MyString & str);~MyString();public:MyString& operator=(const char *p);MyString& operator=(MyString &str);char& operator[](const int index);bool operator==(const char *p) const;bool operator==(const MyString& str) const;bool operator!=(const char *p) const;bool operator!=(const MyString& str) const;bool operator<(const char *p) const;bool operator<(const MyString& str) const;bool operator>(const char *p) const;bool operator>(const MyString& str) const;public:char *c_str(){return m_p;}const char *c_str2(){return m_p;}int length(){return m_len;}private:int m_len;//字符串长度char *m_p;//所指字符串
};#endif

my_string.cpp

#include "my_string.h"MyString::MyString()//构造1,意旨只创建一个基对象,采用了默认参数
{cout<<"Default constructor was called"<<endl;m_len = 0;m_p = NULL;//它没有任何堆空间可言
}MyString::MyString(int len)//告诉它默认分配一个固定的大小
{cout<<"Costum1 constructor was called"<<endl;m_len = len;m_p = new char[m_len];
}
MyString::MyString(const char *p)//给它初始化一个字符串
{cout<<"Costum2 constructor was called"<<endl;m_len = strlen(p);m_p = new char[m_len + 1];memcpy(m_p, p, m_len);
}
MyString::MyString(const MyString & str)//拷贝构造
{cout<<"Deepcopy constructor was called"<<endl;m_len = str.m_len;m_p = new char[m_len];memcpy(m_p, str.m_p, m_len*sizeof(char));
}MyString::~MyString()//析构
{cout<<"Destructor was called"<<endl;delete[] m_p;m_len = 0;m_p = NULL;
}//以全局变量创建的
//仅当当用一个对象输出时有效
ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const MyString& str)
{if(str.m_p != NULL)out << str.m_p << ". and the length is:" << str.m_len;return out;
}//仅当用一个对象输入时有效
//比如：MyString str;
//     cin>>str;//阻塞态
istream& operator>>(istream& in, MyString& str)
{char buf[255] = {0};//给它规定一个行缓冲,当且仅当用户输入回车时刷新in>>buf;if(buf != NULL){str.m_len = strlen(buf);str.m_p = new char[str.m_len+1];memset(str.m_p, 0, sizeof(str.m_p));memcpy(str.m_p, buf, str.m_len);}return in;
}//以成员函数重载
MyString& MyString:: operator=(const char *p)//将一个对象初始化为字符串常量
{if(m_p != NULL){delete[] m_p;m_p = NULL;m_len = 0;}m_len = strlen(p);m_p = new char[m_len + 1];memcpy(m_p, p, m_len);return *this;
}//使用一个已有的对象赋值给另一个新的对象, 初始化则调用拷贝构造
//例:MyString str2(str1);
MyString& MyString:: operator=(MyString &str)
{if(m_p != NULL){delete[] m_p;m_p = NULL;m_len = 0;}m_len = str.length();//先计算相应的长度m_p = new char[m_len + 1];memcpy(m_p, str.c_str2(), m_len);return *this;
}//以对象的形式下标访问相应的指定字符串
char& MyString:: operator[](const int index)
{if(index < 0 || index >= m_len){cout<<"数组越界错误"<<endl;exit(-1);}return m_p[index];
}/*****************************************
const表示不可对对象内存中的数据作任何改变
功能:判断两个字符串是否相等
******************************************/
bool MyString::operator==(const char *p) const
{if((size_t)m_len == (size_t)strlen(p)){if((strcmp(m_p, p) == 0))return 1;elsereturn 0;}elsereturn 0;
}bool MyString::operator==(const MyString& str) const
{if(m_len == str.m_len){if((strcmp(m_p, str.m_p) == 0))return 1;elsereturn 0;}elsereturn 0;
}//长度不等，字符串的内容肯定不等
bool MyString::operator!=(const char *p) const
{if(((size_t)m_len != (size_t)strlen(p)))return 1;elsereturn 0;
}bool MyString::operator!=(const MyString& str) const
{if(((size_t)m_len != (size_t)str.m_len))return 1;elsereturn 0;
}//满足即说明这两个字符串没什么好比的,因为长度都不一样
bool MyString::operator<(const char *p) const
{if(((size_t)m_len != (size_t)strlen(p)))return 0;else{if((strcmp(m_p, p) < 0))return 1;elsereturn 0;}
}bool  MyString::operator<(const MyString& str) const
{if(((size_t)m_len != (size_t)str.m_len))return 0;else{if((strcmp(m_p, str.m_p) < 0))return 1;elsereturn 0;}
}bool MyString::operator>(const char *p) const
{if(((size_t)m_len != (size_t)strlen(p)))return 0;else{if((strcmp(m_p, p) > 0))return 1;elsereturn 0;}
}bool MyString::operator>(const MyString& str) const
{if(((size_t)m_len != (size_t)str.m_len))return 0;else{if((strcmp(m_p, str.m_p) > 0))return 1;elsereturn 0;}
}

test.cpp

#include "my_string.h"int main()
{MyString str1 = "we well we well rock you";cout<<str1<<endl;MyString str2;str2 = str1;cout<<str2<<endl;cout<<endl;if(str2 == str1)cout<<"Matching Good!"<<endl;elsecout<<"Dismatching!"<<endl;cout<<endl;cin>>str1;cin>>str2;MyString str3 = str2;//copyconstructorcout<<"str1 = "<<str1<<endl;cout<<"str2 = "<<str2<<endl;cout<<"str3 = "<<str3<<endl;cout<<"str2 = str1??"<<endl;if(str2 == str1)cout<<"Matching Good!"<<endl;elsecout<<"Dismatching!"<<endl;cout<<"str2 > str1??"<<endl;if(str2 > str1)cout<<"Matching Good!"<<endl;elsecout<<"Dismatching!"<<endl;cout<<"str2 < str1??"<<endl;if(str2 < str1)cout<<"Matching Good!"<<endl;elsecout<<"Dismatching!"<<endl;return 0;
}

测试结果：

阻塞了：

现在开始输入hello world（注意中间有空格）

cin输入的流会将空格作为划分标志，我输入了一行，程序中下一行cin调用却不堵塞了，是因为我的缓冲区是行缓冲，下次读取时直接从缓冲区中读取一个字符串了。。完现了 scanf("%s", str); 的功能。

C++实现分数类---实现分数的加减乘除，与比较赋值运算；

成员函数重载分数比较与运算, 全局函数借助成员函数重载完成整数与分数的比较与运算。

分子分母能够实现约分，求倒数。

Grade.h

#ifndef _GRADE_H_
#define _GRADE_H_#include <iostream>using namespace std;class Grade{
protected:int numerator;int denominator;int GCD(int a, int b = 1);//最大公约数public:Grade();Grade(int a, int b);//构造~Grade();//析构
//以成员函数的方式重载分数之间的运算Grade operator+(Grade& obj);Grade operator-(Grade& obj);Grade operator*(Grade& obj);Grade operator/(Grade& obj);Grade& operator=(const Grade& obj);//以成员函数形式重载赋值符号Grade& operator-();//重载单目运算符"-"//重载分数之间的比较bool operator==(Grade& obj);bool operator!=(Grade& obj);bool operator>(Grade& obj);bool operator<(Grade& obj);bool operator>=(Grade& obj); bool operator<=(Grade& obj);//以全局函数重载输入输出流friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& obj, Grade& obj);friend istream& operator>>(istream& obj, Grade& obj);
//相关成员函数void Reduction();//约分void Redata();//倒数//以全局函数的形式计算比较整数和分数friend Grade operator+(int a, Grade& obj);friend Grade operator-(int a, Grade& obj);friend Grade operator*(int a, Grade& obj);friend Grade operator/(int a, Grade& obj);friend bool operator==(int a, Grade& obj);friend bool operator!=(int a, Grade& obj);friend bool operator>(int a, Grade& obj);friend bool operator>=(int a, Grade& obj);friend bool operator<(int a, Grade& obj);friend bool operator<=(int a, Grade& obj);};             #endif

Grade.cpp

#include "Grade.h"inline int ABS(int m)
{return (m >= 0 ? m : -m);
}Grade::Grade()
{numerator = 0;denominator = 1;//不允许分母为0cout<<"Default constructor was called"<<endl;
}Grade::Grade(int a, int b = 1)//构造
{if((a >= 0 && b > 0) || (a <= 0 && b< 0)){numerator = ABS(a);denominator = ABS(b);}else{numerator = -ABS(a);denominator = ABS(b);}cout<<"Costum constructor was called"<<endl;
}//最大公约数不会大于两者之间最小的一个数
int Grade::GCD(int a, int b)
{if(a >= b){for(int i = b; i > 0; i--){if(b%i == 0 && a%i == 0){return i;break;}        }}else{for(int i = a; i > 0; i--){if(a%i==0 && b%i==0){return i;break;}}}
}Grade Grade::operator+(Grade& obj)
{Grade tmp;tmp.numerator = (this->numerator * obj.denominator)+(this->denominator * obj.numerator);tmp.denominator = this->denominator * obj.denominator;tmp.Reduction();//约分处理return tmp;
}Grade Grade::operator-(Grade& obj)
{Grade tmp;tmp.numerator = (this->numerator * obj.denominator)-(this->denominator * obj.numerator);tmp.denominator = this->denominator * obj.denominator;tmp.Reduction();return tmp;
}
Grade Grade::operator*(Grade& obj)
{Grade tmp;tmp.numerator = this->numerator * obj.numerator;tmp.denominator = this->denominator * obj.denominator;tmp.Reduction();return tmp;
}
Grade Grade::operator/(Grade& obj)
{Grade tmp;tmp.numerator = this->numerator * obj.denominator;tmp.denominator = this->denominator * obj.numerator;tmp.Reduction();return tmp;
}Grade& Grade::operator=(const Grade& obj)//以成员函数形式重载赋值符号
{this->numerator = obj.numerator;this->denominator = obj.denominator;return *this;
}Grade& Grade::operator-()//重载单目运算符"-"
{numerator = -numerator;return *this;
}bool Grade::operator==(Grade& obj)
{if((numerator*obj.denominator) == (denominator*obj.numerator))return 1;elsereturn 0;
}bool Grade::operator!=(Grade& obj)
{if((numerator*obj.denominator) != (denominator*obj.numerator))return 1;elsereturn 0;
}bool Grade::operator>(Grade& obj)
{if((numerator*obj.denominator) > (denominator*obj.numerator))return 1;elsereturn 0;
}bool Grade::operator>=(Grade& obj)
{if((numerator*obj.denominator) >= (denominator*obj.numerator))return 1;elsereturn 0;
}bool Grade::operator<=(Grade& obj)
{if((numerator*obj.denominator) <= (denominator*obj.numerator))return 1;elsereturn 0;
}bool Grade::operator<(Grade& obj)
{if((numerator*obj.denominator) < (denominator*obj.numerator))return 1;elsereturn 0;
}void Grade::Redata()//求倒数
{if(numerator > 0){int tmp = numerator;numerator = denominator;denominator = tmp;}if(numerator < 0){int tmp = numerator;numerator = -denominator;denominator = ABS(tmp);}
}void Grade::Reduction()//约分,用来输出
{int gcd = GCD(ABS(numerator), ABS(denominator));if(gcd > 1){denominator /= gcd;numerator /= gcd;}
//分子分母同时大于0，或者分子分母同时小于0if((numerator >= 0 && denominator > 0) || (numerator <= 0 && denominator < 0)){numerator = ABS(numerator);denominator = ABS(denominator);}else{numerator = -ABS(numerator);denominator = ABS(denominator);}
}ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, Grade& obj)
{if(obj.numerator == 0)out<<"The Finally Fraction is："<<obj.numerator;else if(obj.denominator != 1)out<<"The Finally Fraction is："<<obj.numerator<<"/"<<obj.denominator;elseout<<"The Finally Fraction is："<<obj.numerator;return out;
}istream& operator>>(istream& in, Grade& obj)
{cout<<"input numerator"<<endl<<">>>:";cin>>obj.numerator;cout<<"input denominator"<<endl<<">>>:";cin>>obj.denominator;while(obj.denominator == 0){cin>>obj.denominator;}if(obj.denominator < 0){obj.numerator = -ABS(obj.numerator);obj.denominator = ABS(obj.denominator);}return in;
}/**************************************************
全局的友元函数将会调用对象中重载过的运算符直接
将整形变量转换构造成相应的分母分子形式,分母的值
始终为1,两对象之间会调用上方的比较重载函数
*************************************************/
Grade operator+(int a, Grade& obj)
{return Grade(a)/*因为构造函数是默认参数*/ + obj;
}Grade operator-(int a, Grade& obj)
{return Grade(a) - obj;
}Grade operator*(int a, Grade& obj)
{return Grade(a) * obj;
}Grade operator/(int a, Grade& obj)
{return Grade(a) / obj;
}bool operator==(int a, Grade& obj)
{return Grade(a) == obj;
}bool operator!=(int a, Grade& obj)
{return Grade(a) != obj;
}bool operator>(int a, Grade& obj)
{return Grade(a) > obj;
}bool operator>=(int a, Grade& obj)
{return Grade(a) >= obj;
}bool operator<(int a, Grade& obj)
{return Grade(a) < obj;
}bool operator<=(int a, Grade& obj)
{return Grade(a) <= obj;
}Grade::~Grade()//析构
{cout<<"Destructor was called"<<endl;
}

main.cpp

#include "Grade.h"int main()
{Grade obj1(3,4);Grade obj2;int tmp = 7;cout<<"obj1 = "<<obj1<<endl;cin>>obj2;cout<<"obj2 = "<<obj2<<endl;Grade obj3 = obj1 + obj2;cout<<obj3<<endl;obj3 = obj1 - obj2;cout<<obj3<<endl;obj3 = obj1 * obj2;cout<<obj3<<endl;obj3 = obj1 / obj2;cout<<obj3<<endl;obj3 = tmp + obj1;cout<<obj3<<endl;obj3 = tmp - obj1;cout<<obj3<<endl;obj3 = tmp * obj1;cout<<obj3<<endl;obj3 = tmp / obj1;cout<<obj3<<endl;if(obj1 == obj2)cout<<"Matching!"<<endl;elsecout<<"Sorry Dismatching!"<<endl;if(obj1 > obj2)cout<<"Matching!"<<endl;elsecout<<"Sorry Dismatching!"<<endl;if(obj1 != obj2)cout<<"Matching!"<<endl;elsecout<<"Sorry Dismatching!"<<endl;return 0;
}

Makefile

.PHONY : clean
cc = g++
CFLAGS =  -g -Wall
Target = main
BIN = Grade.o  main.o
$(Target) : $(BIN)$(cc) -o  $@  $^
%.o : %.cpp$(cc) $(CFLAGS) -c $< -o $@
clean:rm -f $(BIN)rm -i main

结果：

、

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