基于STM32 HAL库硬件SPI的ST7789驱动（TFT-LCD 240*320）

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在日常开发项目中，显示屏是经常使用的一个部件，显示屏的种类也是多种多样，但对于开发者来说，主要关心的是显示屏所用到的驱动芯片，本次给小伙伴们带来的是 STM32 下的 HAL 库硬件 SPI 驱动 320*240 分辨率的 TFT-LCD，LCD 显示屏驱动芯片为 ST7789，一步步实现如何驱动此类驱动芯片的 LCD 屏幕，话不多说，上干货！

完成目标

1、cubemx配置硬件SPI

2、驱动240*320分辨率LCD显示屏（驱动芯片为ST7789）

硬件环境

1、STM32F103C8T6（自设计）

2、ST7789驱动LCD显示屏

软件环境

1、cubemx

2、keil5

一、cubemx配置硬件SPI及LCD相关引脚

1.1 时钟配置

第一步仍然是时钟配置，由于板子上设计没有预留外部晶振，我使用的是内部RC振荡器，内部RC振荡器只能配置到64MHZ，如下，如果你使用的是外部晶振，最大到72MHZ

1.2 LCD与STM３２硬件连接关系

LCD	MCU
LCD-RST	PB1
LCD-CS	PB0
LCD-DC	PA4
LCD-MOSI	PA7
LCD-CLK	PA5
LCD-LDE+	VCC-3.3(可接IO控制)
LCD-LDE-	GND
LCD-VCC	VCC-3.3V
LCD-GND	GND

1.3 LCD相关引脚配置

本次使用的是SPI1,对SPI1的引脚及参数进行配置,相关IO初始化状态可以根据需要进行配置u,比如CS引脚,拉低有效,初始化我们可以配置为高,根据自己需要进行配置即可

小伙伴们有没有遇到过配置完发现不能仿真,这里需要设置一下,根据自己的仿真器接口进行配置,是SWD模式还是JTAG模式生成工程配置,配置完之后,直接点击生成即可,注意工程路径不要有中文,记得以前可以有,不知道什么时候有的臭毛病...只能按照做了

二、代码编写

先定义LCD相关引脚,CS、RST、DC

#define LCD_REST_LOW()   HAL_GPIO_WritePin(LCD_RST_GPIO_Port, LCD_RST_Pin, GPIO_PIN_RESET);
#define LCD_REST_HIGH()  HAL_GPIO_WritePin(LCD_RST_GPIO_Port, LCD_RST_Pin, GPIO_PIN_SET);#define LCD_DC_LOW()     HAL_GPIO_WritePin(LCD_DC_GPIO_Port, LCD_DC_Pin, GPIO_PIN_RESET);
#define LCD_DC_HIGH()    HAL_GPIO_WritePin(LCD_DC_GPIO_Port, LCD_DC_Pin, GPIO_PIN_SET);#define LCD_CS_LOW()     HAL_GPIO_WritePin(LCD_CS_GPIO_Port, LCD_CS_Pin, GPIO_PIN_RESET);
#define LCD_CS_HIGH()    HAL_GPIO_WritePin(LCD_CS_GPIO_Port, LCD_CS_Pin, GPIO_PIN_SET);#define LCD_WR_RS(n) (n?HAL_GPIO_WritePin(LCD_DC_GPIO_Port,LCD_DC_Pin,GPIO_PIN_SET):HAL_GPIO_WritePin(LCD_DC_GPIO_Port,LCD_DC_Pin,GPIO_PIN_RESET))

定义用到的几个基本函数

/*** @brief  写16位的数据（两个字节）到LCD* @param   dat —— 需要发送的16bit数据* @return  none*/
void LCD_Write_2Bytes(const uint16_t dat)
{uint8_t data[2] = {0};data[0] = dat >> 8;LCD_data_write(data[0]);data[1] = dat;LCD_data_write(data[1]);// LCD_SPI_Send(data, 2);
}void LCD_command_write(uint8_t command)
{ // 写命令LCD_DC_LOW();LCD_CS_LOW();lcd_SendBytes(command);LCD_CS_HIGH();
}
void LCD_data_write(uint8_t data)
{ //写数据LCD_DC_HIGH();LCD_CS_LOW();lcd_SendBytes(data);LCD_CS_HIGH();
}void delay_lcd(unsigned int time)
{while (time){time--;time--;time--;time--;}
}void LCD_Reset(void)
{LCD_REST_HIGH();delay_lcd(1000);LCD_REST_LOW();delay_lcd(10000);LCD_REST_HIGH();delay_lcd(10000);LCD_CS_HIGH();
}

LCD行列设置

//========================================================
//CASET (2Ah): Column Address Set
//RASET (2Bh): Row Address Set
//x1,y1:起始地址,x2,y2:终点地址
//========================================================
void lcd_set_address(uint16_t x1, uint16_t y1, uint16_t x2, uint16_t y2)
{LCD_command_write(0x2a);LCD_data_write(x1 >> 8);LCD_data_write(x1);LCD_data_write(x2 >> 8);LCD_data_write(x2);LCD_command_write(0x2b);LCD_data_write(y1 >> 8);LCD_data_write(y1);LCD_data_write(y2 >> 8);LCD_data_write(y2);LCD_command_write(0x2C); // write_ram
}

LCD初始化代码，这部分主要是参考网上已经完成的，相关配置可以在手册具体查看

void lcd_init(void)
{LCD_CS_HIGH();LCD_Reset();/************* display Setting *************/LCD_command_write(0x01);delay_lcd(10000);LCD_command_write(LCD_CMD_SLPOUT);delay_lcd(10000);//修改此处，可以改变屏幕的显示方向，横屏，竖屏等LCD_command_write(LCD_CMD_MADCTL); // 0x36  ///< Memory Data Access ControlLCD_data_write(0x00);              //50//40//C0LCD_command_write(LCD_CMD_COLMOD); //  0x3A     ///< Interface Pixel FormatLCD_data_write(0x05);              /// 16bit/pixel/*********** Frame Rate Setting ***********/LCD_command_write(LCD_CMD_PORCTRL); //0xB2     ///< Porch SettingLCD_data_write(0x0c);               ///< Back porch in normal modeLCD_data_write(0x0c);               ///< Front porch in normal modeLCD_data_write(0x00);               ///< Disable separate porch controlLCD_data_write(0x33);               ///< Back and front porch in idle modeLCD_data_write(0x33);               ///< Back and front porch in partial modeLCD_command_write(LCD_CMD_GCTRL); //  0xB7     ///< Gate ControlLCD_data_write(0x72);             ///< VGH:13.26, VGL:-10.43LCD_command_write(LCD_CMD_VCOMS); // 0xBB     ///< VCOM SettingLCD_data_write(0x3d);             ///< VCOM: 1.425LCD_command_write(LCD_CMD_LCMCTRL); ///0xC0     ///< LCM ControlLCD_data_write(0x2c);LCD_command_write(LCD_CMD_VDVVRHEN); //0xC2     ///< VDV and VRH Command EnableLCD_data_write(0x01);LCD_data_write(0xFF);/* VRH Set */LCD_command_write(LCD_CMD_VRHS); //0xC3LCD_data_write(0x19);/* VDV Set */LCD_command_write(LCD_CMD_VDVS); //0xC4LCD_data_write(0x20);LCD_command_write(LCD_CMD_FRCTRL2); //  0xC6     ///< Frame Rate Control in Normal ModeLCD_data_write(0x0f);               ///< 60HzLCD_command_write(LCD_CMD_PWCTRL1); // 0xD0     ///< Power Control 1LCD_data_write(0xa4);LCD_data_write(0xa1); ///< AVDD:6.8V, AVCL:-4.8V, VDDS:2.3V/* Positive Voltage Gamma Control */LCD_command_write(0xE0);LCD_data_write(0xD0);LCD_data_write(0x04);LCD_data_write(0x0D);LCD_data_write(0x11);LCD_data_write(0x13);LCD_data_write(0x2B);LCD_data_write(0x3F);LCD_data_write(0x54);LCD_data_write(0x4C);LCD_data_write(0x18);LCD_data_write(0x0D);LCD_data_write(0x0B);LCD_data_write(0x1F);LCD_data_write(0x23);/* Negative Voltage Gamma Control */LCD_command_write(0xE1);LCD_data_write(0xD0);LCD_data_write(0x04);LCD_data_write(0x0C);LCD_data_write(0x11);LCD_data_write(0x13);LCD_data_write(0x2C);LCD_data_write(0x3F);LCD_data_write(0x44);LCD_data_write(0x51);LCD_data_write(0x2F);LCD_data_write(0x1F);LCD_data_write(0x1F);LCD_data_write(0x20);LCD_data_write(0x23);// LCD_command_write( 0x21);     ///< Display Inversion On//LCD_command_write( 0x13);//LCD_InitSequence();//Display_logo();// lcd_clear(LCD_DISP_RED);lcd_clear(LCD_DISP_WRITE);LCD_command_write(LCD_CMD_DISPON); ///< Display on
}

常用颜色定义，为RGB565格式,其他颜色可以自己改变配比

/************** 颜色(RGB 5,6,5) **************/
#define LCD_DISP_RED                    0xF800       //先高字节，后低字节
#define LCD_DISP_GREEN                  0x07E0
#define LCD_DISP_BLUE                   0x001F
#define LCD_DISP_WRITE                  0xFFFF
#define LCD_DISP_BLACK                  0x0000
#define LCD_DISP_GRAY                   0xEF5D
#define LCD_DISP_GRAY75                 0x39E7
#define LCD_DISP_GRAY50                 0x7BEF
#define LCD_DISP_GRAY25                 0xADB5

LCD清屏，可以填充指定的颜色

//========================================================
//LCD清屏  color:要写入的颜色
//先关显示，等所有的数据写入到RAM后，再打开显示
//========================================================
void lcd_clear(uint16_t color)
{uint16_t i, j;LCD_command_write(0x2A);LCD_data_write(0);LCD_data_write(0);LCD_data_write(0);LCD_data_write(240);LCD_command_write(0X2B);LCD_data_write(0);LCD_data_write(0);LCD_data_write(0X01);LCD_data_write(0X40);LCD_command_write(0X2C);for (i = 0; i < 240; i++){for (j = 0; j < 320; j++){LCD_data_write(color >> 8);LCD_data_write(color);}}lcd_display_on(); /* 开LCD显示 */
}

还有一些打点、划线、画圆等函数，就不再一一介绍了，编写测试代码，刷屏，画圆、画矩形、显示汉字，一气呵成，直接来看演示视频吧.,延时视频见公众号~

后面会分享更多有意思的显示小项目，包括界面等的设计，敬请期待吧！

本次的介绍就到这里啦，后面有更精彩的内容，欢迎大家持续关注嵌入式实验基地！

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