基于RNN生成古诗词
转自:http://blog.topspeedsnail.com/archives/10542
RNN不像传统的神经网络-它们的输出输出是固定的,而RNN允许我们输入输出向量序列。RNN是为了对序列数据进行建模而产生的。
样本序列性:样本间存在顺序关系,每个样本和它之前的样本存在关联。比如说,在文本中,一个词和它前面的词是有关联的;在气象数据中,一天的气温和前几天的气温是有关联的。
例如本帖要使用RNN生成古诗,你给它输入一堆古诗词,它会学着生成和前面相关联的字词。如果你给它输入一堆姓名,它会学着生成姓名;给它输入一堆古典乐/歌词,它会学着生成古典乐/歌词,甚至可以给它输入源代码。
关于RNN:
- TensorFlow练习3: RNN, Recurrent Neural Networks
- http://karpathy.github.io/2015/05/21/rnn-effectiveness/
本帖代码移植自char-rnn,它是基于Torch的洋文模型,稍加修改即可应用于中文。char-rnn使用文本文件做为输入、训练RNN模型,然后使用它生成和训练数据类似的文本。
使用的数据集:全唐诗(43030首):https://pan.baidu.com/s/1o7QlUhO
训练:
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import collections import numpy as np import tensorflow as tf #-------------------------------数据预处理---------------------------# poetry_file ='poetry.txt' # 诗集 poetrys = [] with open(poetry_file, "r", encoding='utf-8',) as f: for line in f: try: title, content = line.strip().split(':') content = content.replace(' ','') if '_' in content or '(' in content or '(' in content or '《' in content or '[' in content: continue if len(content) < 5 or len(content) > 79: continue content = '[' + content + ']' poetrys.append(content) except Exception as e: pass # 按诗的字数排序 poetrys = sorted(poetrys,key=lambda line: len(line)) print('唐诗总数: ', len(poetrys)) # 统计每个字出现次数 all_words = [] for poetry in poetrys: all_words += [word for word in poetry] counter = collections.Counter(all_words) count_pairs = sorted(counter.items(), key=lambda x: -x[1]) words, _ = zip(*count_pairs) # 取前多少个常用字 words = words[:len(words)] + (' ',) # 每个字映射为一个数字ID word_num_map = dict(zip(words, range(len(words)))) # 把诗转换为向量形式,参考TensorFlow练习1 to_num = lambda word: word_num_map.get(word, len(words)) poetrys_vector = [ list(map(to_num, poetry)) for poetry in poetrys] #[[314, 3199, 367, 1556, 26, 179, 680, 0, 3199, 41, 506, 40, 151, 4, 98, 1], #[339, 3, 133, 31, 302, 653, 512, 0, 37, 148, 294, 25, 54, 833, 3, 1, 965, 1315, 377, 1700, 562, 21, 37, 0, 2, 1253, 21, 36, 264, 877, 809, 1] #....] # 每次取64首诗进行训练 batch_size = 64 n_chunk = len(poetrys_vector) // batch_size x_batches = [] y_batches = [] for i in range(n_chunk): start_index = i * batch_size end_index = start_index + batch_size batches = poetrys_vector[start_index:end_index] length = max(map(len,batches)) xdata = np.full((batch_size,length), word_num_map[' '], np.int32) for row in range(batch_size): xdata[row,:len(batches[row])] = batches[row] ydata = np.copy(xdata) ydata[:,:-1] = xdata[:,1:] """ xdata ydata [6,2,4,6,9] [2,4,6,9,9] [1,4,2,8,5] [4,2,8,5,5] """ x_batches.append(xdata) y_batches.append(ydata) #---------------------------------------RNN--------------------------------------# input_data = tf.placeholder(tf.int32, [batch_size, None]) output_targets = tf.placeholder(tf.int32, [batch_size, None]) # 定义RNN def neural_network(model='lstm', rnn_size=128, num_layers=2): if model == 'rnn': cell_fun = tf.nn.rnn_cell.BasicRNNCell elif model == 'gru': cell_fun = tf.nn.rnn_cell.GRUCell elif model == 'lstm': cell_fun = tf.nn.rnn_cell.BasicLSTMCell cell = cell_fun(rnn_size, state_is_tuple=True) cell = tf.nn.rnn_cell.MultiRNNCell([cell] * num_layers, state_is_tuple=True) initial_state = cell.zero_state(batch_size, tf.float32) with tf.variable_scope('rnnlm'): softmax_w = tf.get_variable("softmax_w", [rnn_size, len(words)+1]) softmax_b = tf.get_variable("softmax_b", [len(words)+1]) with tf.device("/cpu:0"): embedding = tf.get_variable("embedding", [len(words)+1, rnn_size]) inputs = tf.nn.embedding_lookup(embedding, input_data) outputs, last_state = tf.nn.dynamic_rnn(cell, inputs, initial_state=initial_state, scope='rnnlm') output = tf.reshape(outputs,[-1, rnn_size]) logits = tf.matmul(output, softmax_w) + softmax_b probs = tf.nn.softmax(logits) return logits, last_state, probs, cell, initial_state #训练 def train_neural_network(): logits, last_state, _, _, _ = neural_network() targets = tf.reshape(output_targets, [-1]) loss = tf.nn.seq2seq.sequence_loss_by_example([logits], [targets], [tf.ones_like(targets, dtype=tf.float32)], len(words)) cost = tf.reduce_mean(loss) learning_rate = tf.Variable(0.0, trainable=False) tvars = tf.trainable_variables() grads, _ = tf.clip_by_global_norm(tf.gradients(cost, tvars), 5) optimizer = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(learning_rate) train_op = optimizer.apply_gradients(zip(grads, tvars)) with tf.Session() as sess: sess.run(tf.initialize_all_variables()) saver = tf.train.Saver(tf.all_variables()) for epoch in range(50): sess.run(tf.assign(learning_rate, 0.002 * (0.97 ** epoch))) n = 0 for batche in range(n_chunk): train_loss, _ , _ = sess.run([cost, last_state, train_op], feed_dict={input_data: x_batches[n], output_targets: y_batches[n]}) n += 1 print(epoch, batche, train_loss) if epoch % 7 == 0: saver.save(sess, 'poetry.module', global_step=epoch) train_neural_network() |
使用训练好的模型生成古诗:
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import collections import numpy as np import tensorflow as tf #-------------------------------数据预处理---------------------------# poetry_file ='poetry.txt' # 诗集 poetrys = [] with open(poetry_file, "r", encoding='utf-8',) as f: for line in f: try: title, content = line.strip().split(':') content = content.replace(' ','') if '_' in content or '(' in content or '(' in content or '《' in content or '[' in content: continue if len(content) < 5 or len(content) > 79: continue content = '[' + content + ']' poetrys.append(content) except Exception as e: pass # 按诗的字数排序 poetrys = sorted(poetrys,key=lambda line: len(line)) print('唐诗总数: ', len(poetrys)) # 统计每个字出现次数 all_words = [] for poetry in poetrys: all_words += [word for word in poetry] counter = collections.Counter(all_words) count_pairs = sorted(counter.items(), key=lambda x: -x[1]) words, _ = zip(*count_pairs) # 取前多少个常用字 words = words[:len(words)] + (' ',) # 每个字映射为一个数字ID word_num_map = dict(zip(words, range(len(words)))) # 把诗转换为向量形式,参考TensorFlow练习1 to_num = lambda word: word_num_map.get(word, len(words)) poetrys_vector = [ list(map(to_num, poetry)) for poetry in poetrys] #[[314, 3199, 367, 1556, 26, 179, 680, 0, 3199, 41, 506, 40, 151, 4, 98, 1], #[339, 3, 133, 31, 302, 653, 512, 0, 37, 148, 294, 25, 54, 833, 3, 1, 965, 1315, 377, 1700, 562, 21, 37, 0, 2, 1253, 21, 36, 264, 877, 809, 1] #....] batch_size = 1 n_chunk = len(poetrys_vector) // batch_size x_batches = [] y_batches = [] for i in range(n_chunk): start_index = i * batch_size end_index = start_index + batch_size batches = poetrys_vector[start_index:end_index] length = max(map(len,batches)) xdata = np.full((batch_size,length), word_num_map[' '], np.int32) for row in range(batch_size): xdata[row,:len(batches[row])] = batches[row] ydata = np.copy(xdata) ydata[:,:-1] = xdata[:,1:] """ xdata ydata [6,2,4,6,9] [2,4,6,9,9] [1,4,2,8,5] [4,2,8,5,5] """ x_batches.append(xdata) y_batches.append(ydata) #---------------------------------------RNN--------------------------------------# input_data = tf.placeholder(tf.int32, [batch_size, None]) output_targets = tf.placeholder(tf.int32, [batch_size, None]) # 定义RNN def neural_network(model='lstm', rnn_size=128, num_layers=2): if model == 'rnn': cell_fun = tf.nn.rnn_cell.BasicRNNCell elif model == 'gru': cell_fun = tf.nn.rnn_cell.GRUCell elif model == 'lstm': cell_fun = tf.nn.rnn_cell.BasicLSTMCell cell = cell_fun(rnn_size, state_is_tuple=True) cell = tf.nn.rnn_cell.MultiRNNCell([cell] * num_layers, state_is_tuple=True) initial_state = cell.zero_state(batch_size, tf.float32) with tf.variable_scope('rnnlm'): softmax_w = tf.get_variable("softmax_w", [rnn_size, len(words)+1]) softmax_b = tf.get_variable("softmax_b", [len(words)+1]) with tf.device("/cpu:0"): embedding = tf.get_variable("embedding", [len(words)+1, rnn_size]) inputs = tf.nn.embedding_lookup(embedding, input_data) outputs, last_state = tf.nn.dynamic_rnn(cell, inputs, initial_state=initial_state, scope='rnnlm') output = tf.reshape(outputs,[-1, rnn_size]) logits = tf.matmul(output, softmax_w) + softmax_b probs = tf.nn.softmax(logits) return logits, last_state, probs, cell, initial_state #-------------------------------生成古诗---------------------------------# # 使用训练完成的模型 def gen_poetry(): def to_word(weights): t = np.cumsum(weights) s = np.sum(weights) sample = int(np.searchsorted(t, np.random.rand(1)*s)) return words[sample] _, last_state, probs, cell, initial_state = neural_network() with tf.Session() as sess: sess.run(tf.initialize_all_variables()) saver = tf.train.Saver(tf.all_variables()) saver.restore(sess, 'poetry.module-49') state_ = sess.run(cell.zero_state(1, tf.float32)) x = np.array([list(map(word_num_map.get, '['))]) [probs_, state_] = sess.run([probs, last_state], feed_dict={input_data: x, initial_state: state_}) word = to_word(probs_) #word = words[np.argmax(probs_)] poem = '' while word != ']': poem += word x = np.zeros((1,1)) x[0,0] = word_num_map[word] [probs_, state_] = sess.run([probs, last_state], feed_dict={input_data: x, initial_state: state_}) word = to_word(probs_) #word = words[np.argmax(probs_)] return poem print(gen_poetry()) |
生成的“诗词”(至少格式对上了):
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新犬随风起,一璃迹阵悲。 浅昏罢庄哉,清插去园空。 双叶坐成鉴,王妓水正苑。 鸟声不成影,胙滩朱瓮声。 无斑红芜踏,那期日正闲。 吾燕登无士,无处得赵名。 并灭图微蒿,淮头水十荔。 晴花尚乘望,官宽留可求。 最忆青州守,英仍临阳峰。 生人隔天道,在国思山田。 登临闭石土,阵下一欢娱。 林暝今又少,孙频唯在愁。 |
生成藏头诗:
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def gen_poetry_with_head(head): def to_word(weights): t = np.cumsum(weights) s = np.sum(weights) sample = int(np.searchsorted(t, np.random.rand(1)*s)) return words[sample] _, last_state, probs, cell, initial_state = neural_network() with tf.Session() as sess: sess.run(tf.initialize_all_variables()) saver = tf.train.Saver(tf.all_variables()) saver.restore(sess, 'poetry.module-49') state_ = sess.run(cell.zero_state(1, tf.float32)) poem = '' i = 0 for word in head: while word != ',' and word != '。': poem += word x = np.array([list(map(word_num_map.get, word))]) [probs_, state_] = sess.run([probs, last_state], feed_dict={input_data: x, initial_state: state_}) word = to_word(probs_) time.sleep(1) if i % 2 == 0: poem += ',' else: poem += '。' i += 1 return poem print(gen_poetry_with_head('一二三四')) |
上面使用的TensroFlow版本为0.11,0.12版本貌似不能直接运行,简单修改如下代码:
读取模型的方法:
1 2 3 |
module_file = tf.train.latest_checkpoint('.') #print(module_file) saver.restore(sess, module_file) |
tf.initialize_all_variables() deprecated,使用tf.global_variables_initializer()替代。
- https://github.com/ryankiros/neural-storyteller(根据图片生成故事)
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