Zynq-Linux移植学习笔记之32-SPI FLASH文件系统挂载

1、背景介绍

板上zynq通过spi-1连接一片SPI FLASH，型号为n25q128a11。示意图如下：

由于之前都是通过EMC挂载NOR FLASH，这是第一次使用SPI FLASH挂载文件系统。Xilinx Wiki上有对SPI FLASH挂载文件系统的说明：插入网址。

虽然有介绍，但自己实际操作过程中还是遇到了一些问题，最主要的是spi flash芯片的ID读到的值均为f，与standalone跑出来的芯片真实ID值不一致。Standalone中芯片ID值如下：

上图中0x20BB18即芯片的ID。

自己运行过程中得到的值：

2、内核设置

由于使用SPI FLASH，需要在内核中加载SPI-NOR驱动，同时增加M25P80驱动，如图：

这里简单说明一下，spi-nor驱动中调用的是spi-nor.c，spi-nor中负责从flash列表中匹配当前连接的spi flash，匹配过程中会调用m25p80.c中的函数读取spi flash的device ID，而m25p80.c又会调用spi驱动依据spi协议格式去读取device ID。如下图，其中涉及到mtd和spi两方面的驱动。

内核按照上面的要求增加驱动后，编译即可。

3、devicetree设置

上面提到读出来的id均为f，一开始怀疑是内核问题，后来发现是devicetree配置导致的，devicetree中配置时需要注意下面几个地方

Num-cs：虽然我这里spi控制器只连了一片spi flash，但不代表num-cs=<0x1>，系统会自动去每个片选引脚去找东西，之前我这里就是配错了。

Spi-max-frequency：SPI总线频率值建议参考standalone中的设置，如下图

Tx-bus-width和rx-bus-width：根据硬件提供的信息，这里都设置为1就行了，这个和zynq的qspi设置不一样。

完整的devicetree信息如下

/dts-v1/;/ {#address-cells = <0x1>;#size-cells = <0x1>;compatible = "xlnx,zynq-7000";cpus {#address-cells = <0x1>;#size-cells = <0x0>;cpu@0 {compatible = "arm,cortex-a9";device_type = "cpu";reg = <0x0>;clocks = <0x1 0x3>;clock-latency = <0x3e8>;cpu0-supply = <0x2>;operating-points = <0xa4cb8 0xf4240 0x5265c 0xf4240>;};cpu@1 {compatible = "arm,cortex-a9";device_type = "cpu";reg = <0x1>;clocks = <0x1 0x3>;};};fpga-full {compatible = "fpga-region";fpga-mgr = <0x3>;#address-cells = <0x1>;#size-cells = <0x1>;ranges;};pmu@f8891000 {compatible = "arm,cortex-a9-pmu";interrupts = <0x0 0x5 0x4 0x0 0x6 0x4>;interrupt-parent = <0x4>;reg = <0xf8891000 0x1000 0xf8893000 0x1000>;};fixedregulator {compatible = "regulator-fixed";regulator-name = "VCCPINT";regulator-min-microvolt = <0xf4240>;regulator-max-microvolt = <0xf4240>;regulator-boot-on;regulator-always-on;linux,phandle = <0x2>;phandle = <0x2>;};amba {u-boot,dm-pre-reloc;compatible = "simple-bus";#address-cells = <0x1>;#size-cells = <0x1>;interrupt-parent = <0x4>;ranges;adc@f8007100 {compatible = "xlnx,zynq-xadc-1.00.a";reg = <0xf8007100 0x20>;interrupts = <0x0 0x7 0x4>;interrupt-parent = <0x4>;clocks = <0x1 0xc>;xlnx,channels {#address-cells = <1>;#size-cells = <0>;channel@0 {reg = <0>;};channel@1 {reg = <1>;};channel@2 {reg = <2>;};channel@3 {reg = <3>;};channel@4{reg = <4>;};channel@5{reg = <5>;};channel@6{reg = <6>;};channel@7{reg = <7>;};channel@8 {reg = <8>;};channel@9 {reg = <9>;};channel@a {reg = <0xa>;};channel@b {reg = <0xb>;};channel@c {reg = <0xc>;};channel@d {reg = <0xd>;};channel@e {reg = <0xe>;};channel@f {reg = <0xf>;};channel@10 {reg = <0x10>;};};};gpio@e000a000 {compatible = "xlnx,zynq-gpio-1.0";#gpio-cells = <0x2>;clocks = <0x1 0x2a>;gpio-controller;interrupt-controller;#interrupt-cells = <0x2>;interrupt-parent = <0x4>;interrupts = <0x0 0x14 0x4>;reg = <0xe000a000 0x1000>;};i2c@e0004000 {compatible = "cdns,i2c-r1p10";status = "okay";clocks = <0x1 0x26>;interrupt-parent = <0x4>;interrupts = <0x0 0x19 0x4>;reg = <0xe0004000 0x1000>;#address-cells = <0x1>;#size-cells = <0x0>;clock-frequency = <0x61a80>;cps1848@2 {compatible = "cps1848";reg = <0x2>;};cps1848@4 {compatible = "cps1848";reg = <0x4>;};cps1848@8 {compatible = "cps1848";reg = <0x8>;};cps226@40 {compatible = "cps226";reg = <0x40>;};};i2c@e0005000 {compatible = "cdns,i2c-r1p10";status = "okay";clocks = <0x1 0x27>;interrupt-parent = <0x4>;interrupts = <0x0 0x30 0x4>;reg = <0xe0005000 0x1000>;#address-cells = <0x1>;#size-cells = <0x0>;clock-frequency = <0x61a80>;};interrupt-controller@f8f01000 {compatible = "arm,cortex-a9-gic";#interrupt-cells = <0x3>;interrupt-controller;reg = <0xf8f01000 0x1000 0xf8f00100 0x100>;num_cpus = <0x2>;num_interrupts = <0x60>;linux,phandle = <0x4>;phandle = <0x4>;};cache-controller@f8f02000 {compatible = "arm,pl310-cache";reg = <0xf8f02000 0x1000>;interrupts = <0x0 0x2 0x4>;arm,data-latency = <0x3 0x2 0x2>;arm,tag-latency = <0x2 0x2 0x2>;cache-unified;cache-level = <0x2>;};memory-controller@f8006000 {compatible = "xlnx,zynq-ddrc-a05";reg = <0xf8006000 0x1000>;};ocmc@f800c000 {compatible = "xlnx,zynq-ocmc-1.0";interrupt-parent = <0x4>;interrupts = <0x0 0x3 0x4>;reg = <0xf800c000 0x1000>;};serial@e0000000 {compatible = "xlnx,xuartps", "cdns,uart-r1p8";status = "okay";clocks = <0x1 0x17 0x1 0x28>;clock-names = "uart_clk", "pclk";reg = <0xe0000000 0x1000>;interrupts = <0x0 0x1b 0x4>;device_type = "serial";port-number = <0x0>;};spi@e0006000 {compatible = "xlnx,zynq-spi-r1p6";reg = <0xe0006000 0x1000>;status = "okay";interrupt-parent = <0x4>;interrupts = <0x0 0x1a 0x4>;clocks = <0x1 0x19 0x1 0x22>;clock-names = "ref_clk", "pclk";#address-cells = <0x1>;#size-cells = <0x0>;is-decoded-cs = <0x0>;num-cs = <0x3>;};spi@e0007000 {compatible = "xlnx,zynq-spi-r1p6";reg = <0xe0007000 0x1000>;status = "okay";interrupt-parent = <0x4>;interrupts = <0x0 0x31 0x4>;clocks = <0x1 0x1a 0x1 0x23>;clock-names = "ref_clk", "pclk";#address-cells = <0x1>;#size-cells = <0x0>;is-decoded-cs = <0x0>;num-cs = <0x3>;flash@0 {compatible = "micron,n25q128a11","jedec,spi-nor";reg = <0x1>;spi-max-frequency = <0x9EF21B0>;spi-tx-bus-width = <0x1>;spi-rx-bus-width = <0x1>;#address-cells = <0x1>;#size-cells = <0x1>;partition@dbf {label = "spi-flash";reg = <0x0 0x1000000>;};};};spi@e000d000 {clock-names = "ref_clk", "pclk";clocks = <0x1 0xa 0x1 0x2b>;compatible = "xlnx,zynq-qspi-1.0";status = "okay";interrupt-parent = <0x4>;interrupts = <0x0 0x13 0x4>;reg = <0xe000d000 0x1000>;#address-cells = <0x1>;#size-cells = <0x0>;is-dual = <0x1>;num-cs = <0x1>;};ethernet@e000b000 {compatible = "xlnx,ps7-ethernet-1.00.a";reg = <0xe000b000 0x1000>;status = "okay";interrupt-parent = <0x3>;interrupts = <0x0 0x16 0x4>;clocks = <0x1 0xd 0x1 0x1e>;clock-names = "ref_clk", "aper_clk";#address-cells = <0x1>;#size-cells = <0x0>;enet-reset = <0x4 0x2f 0x0>;local-mac-address = [00 0a 35 00 00 00];phy-mode = "rgmii";phy-handle = <0x5>;xlnx,eth-mode = <0x1>;xlnx,has-mdio = <0x1>;xlnx,ptp-enet-clock = <0x69f6bcb>;mdio {#address-cells = <0x1>;#size-cells = <0x0>;phy@0 {compatible = "marvell,88e1111";device_type = "ethernet-phy";reg = <0x4>;linux,phandle = <0x7>;phandle = <0x7>;};};};slcr@f8000000 {#address-cells = <0x1>;#size-cells = <0x1>;compatible = "xlnx,zynq-slcr", "syscon", "simple-mfd";reg = <0xf8000000 0x1000>;ranges;linux,phandle = <0x5>;phandle = <0x5>;clkc@100 {#clock-cells = <0x1>;compatible = "xlnx,ps7-clkc";fclk-enable = <0x1>;clock-output-names = "armpll", "ddrpll", "iopll", "cpu_6or4x", "cpu_3or2x", "cpu_2x", "cpu_1x", "ddr2x", "ddr3x", "dci", "lqspi", "smc", "pcap", "gem0", "gem1", "fclk0", "fclk1", "fclk2", "fclk3", "can0", "can1", "sdio0", "sdio1", "uart0", "uart1", "spi0", "spi1", "dma", "usb0_aper", "usb1_aper", "gem0_aper", "gem1_aper", "sdio0_aper", "sdio1_aper", "spi0_aper", "spi1_aper", "can0_aper", "can1_aper", "i2c0_aper", "i2c1_aper", "uart0_aper", "uart1_aper", "gpio_aper", "lqspi_aper", "smc_aper", "swdt", "dbg_trc", "dbg_apb";reg = <0x100 0x100>;ps-clk-frequency = <0x2faf080>;linux,phandle = <0x1>;phandle = <0x1>;};rstc@200 {compatible = "xlnx,zynq-reset";reg = <0x200 0x48>;#reset-cells = <0x1>;syscon = <0x5>;};pinctrl@700 {compatible = "xlnx,pinctrl-zynq";reg = <0x700 0x200>;syscon = <0x5>;};};dmac@f8003000 {compatible = "arm,pl330", "arm,primecell";reg = <0xf8003000 0x1000>;interrupt-parent = <0x4>;interrupt-names = "abort", "dma0", "dma1", "dma2", "dma3", "dma4", "dma5", "dma6", "dma7";interrupts = <0x0 0xd 0x4 0x0 0xe 0x4 0x0 0xf 0x4 0x0 0x10 0x4 0x0 0x11 0x4 0x0 0x28 0x4 0x0 0x29 0x4 0x0 0x2a 0x4 0x0 0x2b 0x4>;#dma-cells = <0x1>;#dma-channels = <0x8>;#dma-requests = <0x4>;clocks = <0x1 0x1b>;clock-names = "apb_pclk";};devcfg@f8007000 {compatible = "xlnx,zynq-devcfg-1.0";interrupt-parent = <0x4>;interrupts = <0x0 0x8 0x4>;reg = <0xf8007000 0x100>;clocks = <0x1 0xc 0x1 0xf 0x1 0x10 0x1 0x11 0x1 0x12>;clock-names = "ref_clk", "fclk0", "fclk1", "fclk2", "fclk3";syscon = <0x5>;linux,phandle = <0x3>;phandle = <0x3>;};efuse@f800d000 {compatible = "xlnx,zynq-efuse";reg = <0xf800d000 0x20>;};timer@f8f00200 {compatible = "arm,cortex-a9-global-timer";reg = <0xf8f00200 0x20>;interrupts = <0x1 0xb 0x301>;interrupt-parent = <0x4>;clocks = <0x1 0x4>;};timer@f8001000 {interrupt-parent = <0x4>;interrupts = <0x0 0xa 0x4 0x0 0xb 0x4 0x0 0xc 0x4>;compatible = "cdns,ttc";clocks = <0x1 0x6>;reg = <0xf8001000 0x1000>;};timer@f8002000 {interrupt-parent = <0x4>;interrupts = <0x0 0x25 0x4 0x0 0x26 0x4 0x0 0x27 0x4>;compatible = "cdns,ttc";clocks = <0x1 0x6>;reg = <0xf8002000 0x1000>;};timer@f8f00600 {interrupt-parent = <0x4>;interrupts = <0x1 0xd 0x301>;compatible = "arm,cortex-a9-twd-timer";reg = <0xf8f00600 0x20>;clocks = <0x1 0x4>;};watchdog@f8005000 {clocks = <0x1 0x2d>;compatible = "cdns,wdt-r1p2";interrupt-parent = <0x4>;interrupts = <0x0 0x9 0x1>;reg = <0xf8005000 0x1000>;timeout-sec = <0xa>;};};chosen {bootargs = "earlycon";stdout-path = "serial0:115200n8";};aliases {ethernet0 = "/amba/ethernet@e000b000";serial0 = "/amba/serial@e0000000";spi0 = "/amba/spi@e000d000";spi1 = "/amba/spi@e0006000";spi2 = "/amba/spi@e0007000";};memory {device_type = "memory";reg = <0x0 0x40000000>;};
};

3、测试验证

按照上述步骤正确配置后，启动linux即可看到文件系统挂载的打印信息

然后可以使用jffs2文件系统进行试验。

注：由于之前写过一篇文章linux 2017.4版本在NOR FLASH上挂载jffs2文件系统时有问题，这里本想用ubifs文件系统的，结果发现一直mount不上，反而jffs2文件系统一切正常，真是奇怪，看来不同类型的flash区别很大。

上图中挂载ubifs失败后尝试jffs2文件系统，这里参考wiki在文件系统中放了sample.bin

断电重启后，再次挂载文件系统，sample.bin还在，验证通过。

4、总结

之前调试过ZYNQ通过EMC连接NOR FLASH，如今需求变成了ZYNQ通过SPI连接SPI FLASH，不同的板子各不相同，看来搞定一种就认为能通吃的想法是完全不现实的，不断的学习才能解决工作中遇到的新问题。最后要感谢一下avnet的蔡总和卢工，他们给了我不少帮助。