PMP新考纲敏捷题目（三）

61、传统管理的项目使用Scrum来开发项目可交付成果。敏捷发布规划要求将最近完成的MVP部署到生产中。然而，质量保证（QA）部门拒绝了MVP，声称部门的政策和程序没有处理中期可交付成果的实施。将问题记录在障碍板上后，项目经理接下来应该做什么？
A traditionally managed project is using Scrum to develop the project deliverables. The agile release plan calls for the recently completed MVP to be deployed into production. However, the quality assurance (QA) department rejects the MVP stating that the department's policies and procedures do not address the implementation of interim deliverables. After recording the issue on the impediment board, what should the project manager do next?

A：提交变更请求以更新质量控制测量结果
Submit a change request to update the quality control measurements

B：请求项目发起人帮助获得必要的批准
Request the project sponsor's help with obtaining the necessary approvals

C：尊重QA部门的意见，并按计划发布MVP
Ignore the QA department's opinion and release the MVP as scheduled

D：使项目团队在部署前交付功能完整的产品
Ask the project team to deliver a feature-complete product before deployment
正确答案：B
解析：知识点出处：敏捷实践指南页码：P74 章节：6.1.2 变革就绪情况：积极明确的管理层支持；变革管理实践，包括沟通和引导；逐个项目应用敏捷实践向团队增量地引入敏捷实践；以及通过采取适用的敏捷技术和实践示范引导。需要领导明确支持敏捷实践的变革。

62、一个没有敏捷方法经验的组织雇佣了一个敏捷教练来领导一个项目。该项目将使用看板开发项目可交付成果。下列哪项培训活动对项目的成功至关重要?(选择三个)（选择三个）
A scrum master has been hired to lead a project for an organization that has no prior experience with agile methodologies. The project will use Scrumban for the development of project deliverables.Which of the following training activities will be critical for the success of the project? (Choose three)

A：与整个项目团队一起举办关于敏捷思维和原则的敏捷研讨会
Conducting an agile workshop on the agile mindset and principles with the entire project team

B：教授开发团队如何根据业务价值对项目待办事项排序
Teaching the development team how to prioritize the project backlog according to business value

C：向开发团队解释工作将如何通过看板，以及如何遵守在制品限制
Explaining to the development team how the work will flow through the Kanban board and how to follow WIP limits

D：确保产品负责人清楚地了解如何培养待定项
Ensuring that the product owner has a clear understanding of how to groom the backlog

E：对产品负责人进行日常scrum会议的最佳实践培训
Training the product owner on best practices for facilitating the daily scrum meetings

F：指导项目团队如何确保严格的变更控制过程的实施
Instructing the project team on how to ensure the implementation of a rigid change control process
正确答案：A,C,D
解析：知识点出处：敏捷实践指南页码：P82 章节：6.6.3 通过培训和指导发展人才 B应该PO来做E是整个团队而非单纯POF错误

63、在遭受含糊不清和变更的各种因素影响的环境中。敏捷项目经理应该做什么来跟踪工件？（选择两项）
In an environment subject to various elements of ambiguity and change. what should an agile project manager do to keep track of artifacts? (Choose two)

A：以透明方式频繁且快速地更新工件。
Update the artifacts frequently and quickly in a transparent fashion.

B：定义要在项目管理计划中使用的技术。
Define which technology to use in the project management plan.

C：定义要在沟通管理计划中使用的技术。
Define which technology to use in the communications management plan.

D：使用先前项目中的历史信息作为模板。
Use historical information from previous projects as a template.

E：增加对社交沟通工具的使用。
Increase the use of social Social communication tools tools.
正确答案：A,E 你的答案：A,E
解析：知识点出处：PMBOK 6th 页码：P364-P365 章节：1.4.4 沟通管理的发展趋势和新兴实践：社交工具的使用日益增多在敏捷或适应环境中需要考虑的因素频繁和快速的沟通，以透明的方式发布项目工件使用沟通技术、透明化的沟通方式是在敏捷中建议的方式。

64、项目负责人反复抱怨，称开发团队开发的功能似乎与原始设计不一致。什么做法有助于解决这个问题？
A project owner repeatedly complains, saying that a function developed by the development team does not seem to align with the original design. What will help to solve this issue?

A：让产品负责人参加下一次迭代审查会议，以了解产品的开发状态。
Ask the product owner to sit in on the next iteration review meeting to learn more about the development status for the product.

B：要求质量保证团队识别与初始设计相比较的任何功能不匹配。
Ask the quality assurance team to identify any mismatches in functionality compared to the initial design.

C：要求开发团队重写功能，使其与项目范围相匹配。
Ask the development team to rewrite the function so that it matches with the project scope.

D：在下一次回顾会议中安排时间讨论所有的纠正措施，并要求项目负责人参加会议。
Schedule time during the next retrospective session to discuss all corrective actions and ask the project owner to participate in the session.

正确答案：D 你的答案：D
解析：知识点出处：敏捷实践指南页码：P50 章节：5.2.1 回顾总结会：回顾是最重要的一个实践，原因是它能让团队学习、改进和调整其过程。回顾会用于识别改进。A，PO本来就全程参与B，功能问题非质量问题C，需要与整个团队确认

65、项目经理在演示和审查会议上收到进度报告。报告显示，敏捷项目并没有走上正轨。因为所有的工作都是为了达到更高层次的目标而特意选择和安排的，所以项目经理对报告感到惊讶。项目经理在未来如何在敏捷项目中防止这种类型的误解？
The project manager receives a progress report during a demo and review meeting. The report shows that the agile project is not on track. Since all work was purposely selected and sequenced to meet higher-level objectives, the project manager is surprised by the report. In the future, how can the project manager prevent this type of miscommunication in an agile project?

A：支持项目团队的自组织，并帮助他们为项目提供支持。
Support self organization for the project team and help them provide buy-in for the project.

B：确保有应急储备来应付这些问题。
Ensure that there is a contingency reserve to cover these issues.

C：确保团队接受过使用敏捷过程报告系统的培训。
Ensure that the team is trained to use the agile process reporting system.

D：为项目团队提供关于敏捷方法的早期培训和持续指导。
Provide early training and ongoing mentoring about the agile approach for the project team.正确答案：D 你的答案：D
解析：知识点出处：PMBOK 6th 页码：P342 章节：9.4.2.6 培训如果项目团队成员缺乏必要的管理或技术技能，可以把对这种技能的培养作为项目工作的一部分。项目经理按敏捷方式来，团队没有，说明团队没有掌握敏捷方法的技能。

66、你正在使用敏捷方法领导一个软件开发项目。如果该项目成功，它将为未来的收入和增长打开巨大的机会。该项目有很高的失败风险，但是潜在的利益大于风险。在选择每次迭代的内容时，必须考虑这些风险和回报。在这个场景中，应该优先开发哪些功能？
You are leading a software development project using agile methodologies. If the project is successful, it will open up vast opportunities for future revenue and growth. The project has a high risk of failure, but the potential benefits outweigh the risks. These risks and rewards must be considered when selecting the content of each iteration. Which features should be prioritized and developed first in this scenario?

A：高价值和低风险功能
High-value and low-risk features

B：低价值和低风险功能
Low-value and low-risk features

C：高价值和高风险功能
High-value and high-risk features

D：低价值和高风险功能
Low-value and high-risk features
正确答案：C 你的答案：C
解析：知识点出处：敏捷实践指南页码：P42 章节：4.3.3 产品负责人的工作是确保团队从事最高价值的工作。首先要做高风险高价值的事情。
67、进度绩效指数低于 1.0 表示：
A schedule performance index of less than 1.0 indicates that the
A：项目没有完成预定的工作
Project is running behind the monetary value of the work it planned to accomplish
B：已取得的挣值达 100％
Earned value physically accomplished thus far is 100%
C：项目永久性地损失了一部分时间
Project has experienced a permanent loss of time
D：项目可能没有按照时间表执行，但是项目经理不必在意这个问题
Project may not be on schedule, but the project manager need not be concerned
正确答案：A 你的答案：A
解析：知识点出处：敏捷实践指南页码：P42 章节：4.3.3 挣值分析进度绩效指数（SPI）是测量进度效率的一种指标，表示为挣值与计划价值之比，反映了项目团队完成工作的效率。当 SPI 小于 1.0 时，说明已完成的工作量未达到计划要求；当 SPI 大于 1.0 时，则说明已完成的工作量超过计划。 SPI小于1说明进度落后

68、项目遵循一个生命周期，其中需求定义在待办事项列表中，并且项目团队在两周的迭代中根据项目发起人的优先级交付待办事项列表。团队遵循何种类型的项目生命周期？
A project is following a life cycle where requirements are defined in a backlog, and the project team delivers the backlog items based on the priorities of the project sponsor in two-week iterations. What type of project life cycle is the team following?
A：滚动式
Rolling Wave
B：敏捷
Agile
C：瀑布
Waterfall
D：大规模敏捷框架
Scaled Agile Framework
正确答案：B 你的答案：B
解析：知识点出处：敏捷实践指南页码：P18 章节：3.1 四种生命周期特征。反复执行，频繁小规模交付，为敏捷型

69、你领导着两个独立的团队在同一个项目上工作。可交付成果的性质要求一个团队采用预测法，而另一个团队使用
Scrum。由于团队之间的依赖性和Scrum团队输出的可变性质，预测性团队需要用尽可能短的反馈循环来确认他们对Scrum团队活动的理解。你的最佳行动方案是什么？
You are leading two independent teams working on the same project. The nature of the deliverables requires that one team takes a predictive approach, while the other uses Scrum. Due to dependencies between the teams and the variable nature of the outputs from the Scrum team, the predictive team needs to confirm their understanding of the Scrum team's activities with the shortest feedback loop possible. What is your best course of action?
A：将项目回顾纳入项目进度计划
Include a project retrospective into the project schedule
B：要求Scrum团队使用信息发射源
Request that the Scrum team use information radiators
C：结合定期的客户反馈循环的使用
Incorporate the use of periodic customer feedback loops
D：让预测团队参加每日Scrum会议
Have the predictive team attend the daily scrum meetings
正确答案：D 你的答案：D
解析：知识点出处：敏捷实践指南页码：P54 章节：5.2.4 为每日站会规定时间盒，不超出 15 分钟。团队以某种方式“过一下”看板或任务板，而团队中的任何人都可以主持站会。每天15分钟的站会能以最短的时间获得一手信息，比信息发射源更及时

70、政府已与一家供应商签订合同，为即将到来的选举开发一款计算选票的软件应用程序。需求得到了很好的定义，这样项目就可以按照传统方式进行管理。然而，由于过去类似应用程序的失败，政府希望供应商能够对可交付内容的适用性进行快速反馈。供应商的项目经理选择什么样的进度计划方法最好？
A vendor has been contracted by the government to develop a software application to count votes for the upcoming elections. The requirements are well defined so that the project can be managed traditionally. However, due to failures in similar applications in the past, the government wants the vendor to allow rapid feedback on the suitability of the deliverables. What scheduling approach is best for the vendor's project manager to select?
A：预测式
Predictive
B：传统式
Traditional
C：高效式
Elective
D：适应式
Adaptive

正确答案：D 你的答案：D
解析：知识点出处：敏捷实践指南页码：P18 章节：3.1 四种生命周期特征。反复执行，频繁小规模交付，为敏捷型

71、你正在创建在你的公司部署一个新的ERP软件的时间表。该公司目前正在进行敏捷转型，因此决定迭代开发新的ERP。ERP的第一个版本应该在四个月内推出，你知道另一个全公司范围操作系统升级的项目计划在三个月内推出。随着升级项目影响你的进度，你应该评估以下哪一项以确定在推出前的迭代次数？
You are creating the schedule to deploy a new ERP software in your company. The company is currently undergoing an agile transformation, so it was decided to develop the new ERP iteratively. The first release of the ERP should be rolled out in four months, and you know that another project, a company-wide operating system upgrade, is scheduled in three months. With the upgrade project affecting your schedule, an impact on which of the following should you assess to determine the number of iterations until rollout?
A：发布规划
Release planning
B：产品路线图
Product roadmap
C：迭代待办事项列表
Iteration backlogs
D：项目章程
Project charter
正确答案：A 你的答案：A
解析：知识点出处：PMBOK 6th 页码：P216 章节：6.5.2.8 敏捷发布规划基于项目路线图和产品发展愿景，提供了高度概括的发布进度时间轴（通常是 3 到 6个月）。同时，敏捷发布规划还确定了发布的迭代或冲刺次数，使产品负责人和团队能够决定需要开发的内容，并基于业务目标、依赖关系和障碍因素确定达到产品放行所需的时间。敏捷发布规划确定了发布迭代次数或冲刺次数

72、一位项目经理正在组织一次冲刺回顾会议，团队成员在会上讨论客户对他们在冲刺期间交付的产品增量的不满。讨论揭示了主要使用电子邮件与团队其他成员沟通的远程团队成员的一些问题。什么是最有可能导致产品增量没有满足客户期望的原因？
A project manager is facilitating a sprint retrospective meeting where the team members discuss customer dissatisfaction from the product increment they delivered during the sprint. The discussion reveals some issues with the remote team members who were primarily using email to communicate with the rest of the team. What was the most likely cause the product increment did not meet customer expectations?
A：未能应对范围变更
Failure to respond to changes in scope
B：不在同一地点的团队成员
Non colocated team members
C：在每次冲刺中交付工作软件
Delivering working software in each sprint
D：士气低落的团队成员
Demotivated team members

正确答案：B 你的答案：B
解析：知识点出处：敏捷实践指南页码：P46 章节：4.3.6 团队工作场所团队需要一个工作场所，他们可以一起工作，了解他们作为团队的状态，并进行协作。在不同地点工作的团队成员需要虚拟的工作空间。另外，要考虑让团队成员定期聚集一堂，以便建立信任，学习怎样开展合作。敏捷团队如果能集中办公是最好的。若分布式办公会存在协作滞后的问题

73、产品负责人与敏捷团队负责人接触时，会担心团队在最后几次冲刺中进展缓慢。产品负责人怀疑，从最近的站会上团队成员疲惫的外表和无精打采的状态来看，他们可能是筋疲力尽了。在这种情况下，团队领导采取的最佳行动方案是什么？
A product owner approaches the agile team lead with concerns of slow team's progress during the last few sprints. The product owner suspects that judging by the tired looks and low energy in recent stand-up meetings, the team members are burnt out. What is the best course of action for the team lead to take in this situation?

A：要求产品负责人解决问题
Ask the product owner to resolve the issue

B：把这个问题提出来与团队讨论
Bring the issue up with the team to discuss

C：带领团队度过愉快的一天，让他们充电
Take the team on a fun day to help recharge

D：与HR经理讨论问题
Brainstorm the issue with the HR manager
正确答案：B 你的答案：B
解析：知识点出处：敏捷实践指南页码：P38 章节：4.3 仆人式领导要善于激励项目人员，为他们提供所需的环境和支持，信任他们能够完成工作。把问题提出来，让团队自己解决。
74、一家制造公司包办了一个项目，开发公司生产线自动化所需的硬件和软件。可交付成果将使用敏捷框架生成。什么样的策略可能适合获得产品范围的正式接受?(选择两个)
A manufacturing company charters a project to develop the hardware and software needed to automate the company's production line. The deliverables will be produced using an agile framework. What strategies might be appropriate to gain formal acceptance of the product scope? (Choose two)

A：每当开发出足够的特征以形成一个连贯的集合时，就进行演示
Conduct a demonstration whenever enough features have been developed to form a coherent set

B：一旦整个项目范围按照范围管理计划完成，就要执行确认范围过程
Perform the Validate Scope process once the entire project scope is complete in accordance with the scope management plan

C：团队是否在每次迭代结束时向产品负责人演示完成的用户故事
Have the team demonstrate the completed user stories to the product owner at the end of each iteration

D：要求产品负责人参加每个冲刺的回顾，以审查和批准完成的产品增量
Ask the product owner to attend each sprint retrospective to review and approve the completed product increment

E：确保在初始项目计划期间，产品范围完全分解到工作包级别
Ensure that the product scope is fully decomposed down to the work package level during initial project planning
正确答案：A,C 你的答案：A,C
解析：知识点出处：敏捷实践指南页码：P55
章节：5.2.5 展示/评审：当团队以用户故事的形式完成特定功能时，团队会定期展示工作产品。看过展示后，产品负责人接受或拒绝故事。评审会议，找PO演示，PO来决定接受或拒绝故事

75、一家公司正在为外部客户运行一个敏捷项目。团队在冲刺审查会议上演示了网络用户界面的新功能后，一个相关方找到产品负责人，并建议对其中一个屏幕进行改进。相关方坚持认为，这种改进将使用户更容易在界面中导航。产品负责人的最佳行动方案是什么？
A company is running an agile project for an external customer. After the sprint review meeting where the team demonstrated the new capabilities of the web user interface, a stakeholder approaches the product owner and suggests an improvement to one of the screens. The stakeholder insists this improvement would make it easier for the user to navigate the interface. What is the product owner’s best course of action?

A：在下次冲刺中实施相关方的请求，因为它将增强客户体验
Implement the stakeholder's request in the next sprint because it will enhance customer experience

B：与客户讨论相关方的要求，并决定是否以及何时实施
Discuss the stakeholder's request with the customer and decide if and when it should be implemented

C：为相关方的请求创建用户故事，并放在产品待办事项列表的底部
Create a user story for the stakeholder's request and place it at the very bottom of the product backlog

D：在每日站会上讨论相关方的要求，并让团队决定如何继续
Discuss the stakeholder's request at the daily standup meeting and let the team decide on how to proceed
正确答案：B 你的答案：B
解析：知识点出处：敏捷实践指南页码：P41 章节：4.3.2 产品负责人Product Owner：创建待办列表并排序、确认工作优先顺序、提供反馈、指导开发方向。 PO对接客户，以确定是否变更以及何时变更。

76、由于一种新的致命病毒在全球范围内爆发，世界卫生组织（WHO）向制药公司发出招标，要求它们开发针对这种病毒的疫苗。目标很明确--防止病毒传播。但是，解决方案还远未确定。然而，一旦疫苗开发出来，审批过程就会非常正式和有条理。什么项目管理方法最适合该项目？
Due to the worldwide outbreak of a new deadly virus, the World Health Organization (WHO) issues a bid for pharmaceutical companies to develop a vaccine against the virus. The goal is clear - preventing the virus from spreading. The solution, though, is far from being defined. However, once the vaccine is developed, the approval process is very formal and structured. What project management approach is best for this project?
A：混合式 Hybrid
B：敏捷式 Agile
C：预测式 Predictive
D：任何方法 Any
正确答案：A 你的答案：A
解析：知识点出处：敏捷实践指南页码：P26 章节：3.1.6 混合生命周期的特征：对于整个项目，没有必要使用单一的方法。为达到特定的目标，项目经常要结合不同的生命周期要素。预测、迭代、增量和/或敏捷方法的组合就是一种混合方法。因为技术完全不确定，开发过程应该使用适应型，而审批过程使用瀑布型

77、项目经理开始对一个新项目进行最初的计划。在审查了项目章程并与项目发起人和关键相关方交谈之后，项目经理选择了一个可预测的项目生命周期。这种生命周期的选择将如何影响项目的实施方式?(选择三个)
A project manager begins the initial planning of a new project. After reviewing the project charter and speaking with the project sponsor and key stakeholders, the project manager selects a predictive project life cycle. How will the selection of this life cycle shape the way the project is carried out? (Choose three)
A：成本和时间将是固定的，项目范围将允许变化。
Cost and time will be fixed, and the project scope will be allowed to vary.
B：需求将在项目开始前确定。
The requirements will be determined upfront before the project execution begins.
C：业务价值将经常交付给客户，而不仅仅是在项目结束时。
Business value will be delivered to the customer frequently rather than just at the end of the project.
D：一个单一的最终产品将在项目结束时交付。
A single final product will be delivered at the end of the project.
E：变化将受到尽可能大的限制。
Changes will be constrained to the extent possible.
F：任何更改都将在整个项目中受到欢迎，并为客户的利益而加以利用。
Any changes will be welcomed throughout the project and harnessed for the benefit of the customer.
正确答案：B,D,E 你的答案：B,D,E
解析：知识点出处：敏捷实践指南页码：P20 章节：3.1.1 预测型生命周期的特征高确定性的明确的需求（B）项目活动通常以顺序方式执行团队需要详细的计划尽可能减少预测型项目的变更（E）通常不会在项目结束前交付商业价值（D） A错误CF是敏捷项目的特征

78、在敏捷团队完成三次迭代之后，项目经理确定团队在这三次迭代中的平均速度是30个故事点。还有292个故事点来完成项目的剩余部分。团队需要多少次额外的迭代才能完成项目？
After an agile team completes three iterations, the project manager determines that the average velocity of the team for these three iterations was 30 story points. There are 292 more story points to complete the remaining portion of the project. How many additional iterations will it take for the team to complete the project?
A： 7次迭代 7 iterations
B： 8次迭代 8 iterations
C： 9次迭代 9 iterations
D： 10次迭代 10 iterations
正确答案：D 你的答案：D
解析：知识点出处：敏捷实践指南页码：P61 章节：5.4.1 敏捷团队的衡量结果：项目发起人通常想知道项目什么时候能够完成。一旦团队建立了稳定的速度（每个迭代的故事或故事点的平均数量）或平均周期时间，团队就能够预测项目将花费多长时间。292/30=9.7多出来的故事要单独迭代。
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79、发起人担心敏捷项目进展不够快，因为没有发送项目状态报告。发起人向Scrum主管表达他们的担忧。Scrum主管向发起人保证项目正在按计划进行，并邀请发起人参加会议，亲眼看看项目进展。下面哪个会议Scrum主管最有可能邀请发起人？
A sponsor is worried that the agile project does not progress fast enough since no project status reports are being sent. The sponsor approaches the scrum master with their concerns. The scrum master reassures the sponsor that the project is moving ahead as planned and invites the sponsor to attend a meeting and see the progress with their own eyes. Which of the following meetings did the scrum master most likely invite the sponsor?
A：冲刺计划会议 Sprint planning meeting
B：每日站会 Daily standup meeting
C：冲刺审查会议 Sprint review meeting
D：冲刺回顾会议 Sprint retrospective meeting
正确答案：C 你的答案：C
解析：知识点出处：敏捷实践指南页码：P55 章节：5.2.5 展示/评审：在基于迭代的敏捷中，团队在迭代结束时展示所有已完成的工作项。在基于流程的敏捷中，团队在需要时展示完成的工作，通常是当完成的功能累积到足以构成一个连贯组合时。团队，包括产品负责人在内，都需要反馈来决定何时需要产品反馈。审查会议会展示已经完成的产品。然后让相关方评估否接受。

80、项目经理被分配到一个项目，该项目将把一个大型组织从预测环境转变为敏捷方法。在当前状态下，组织中的工作被分解成部门孤岛，而员工好被描述为专门的贡献者。这种敏捷转换的最佳策略是什么？
A project manager has been assigned to a project that will transform a large organization from a predictive environment to agile methodologies. In its current state, the work in the organization is decomposed into departmental silos, and the employees are best described as specialized contributors. What is the best strategy for this agile transformation?

A：使用混合生命周期作为预测到敏捷的过渡策略
Use hybrid life cycles as a transition strategy from predictive to agile

B：为所有从预测性到敏捷的项目建立一个固定的日期
Establish a fixed date for all projects to transition from predictive to agile

C：介绍一些针对大型复杂项目的敏捷技术
Introduce some agile techniques on a large and complex project
D：调整项目，使其范围是固定的，时间和成本是可变的
Tailor projects so that the scope is fixed with time and cost being variable

正确答案：A 你的答案：A
解析：知识点出处：敏捷实践指南页码：P47 章节：4.3.7 克服组织孤岛：孤岛组织往往给跨职能敏捷团队的组建带来重重障碍。需要构建跨职能团队的团队成员通常需要向不同的管理人员报告，管理人员会采用不同的标准衡量他们的绩效。管理人员需要关注的不是资源利用效率，而是过程效率（和基于团队的指标）。孤岛式组织不利于敏捷，因此建议先以混合型开发方法过渡，后面再到完全敏捷。

81、当项目发起人找到Scrum主管，要求在当前的冲刺中立即开发一个新的、紧急的、潜在的复杂的强制性法规遵循相关的需求时，Scrum团队正处于冲刺的中途。发起人强调，如果需求没有实现，整个项目可能会被取消。Scrum主管的最佳回应是什么？
A scrum team is midway into a sprint when the project sponsor approaches the scrum master and requests that a new, urgent, and potentially complex mandatory compliance-related requirement should be developed immediately in the current sprint. The sponsor stresses that if the requirement is not implemented, the entire project may be canceled. What is the scrum master’s best response?
A：将要求添加到产品待办事项列表，并请求产品负责人在冲刺结束之后审查需求
Add the requirement to the product backlog and request the product owner to review the requirement after the sprint is over
B：与产品负责人讨论要求，让他们做出决定，包括冲刺取消
Discuss the requirement with the product owner, and let them make a decision, including sprint cancellation
C：提交变更请求以更新范围基准并将要求添加到需求可追溯性矩阵
Submit a change request to update the scope baseline and add the requirement to the requirement traceability matrix
D：将要求添加到当前冲刺待办事项列表，并指示团队立即开始处理该待办事项列表
Add the requirement to the current sprint backlog and direct the team to start working on it immediately

正确答案：B 你的答案：B
解析：知识点出处：敏捷实践指南页码：41 章节：4.3.2 产品负责人 Product Owner：创建待办列表并排序、确认工作优先顺序、提供反馈、指导开发方向。是否变更，由PO决定。

82、你的上一个敏捷项目遭受了各种各样的延迟，比如陈述和验证需求、编写和测试代码、要求客户澄清需求和接收澄清之间的时间间隔。在即将到来的敏捷项目中，你希望应用一些精益敏捷实践来确保减少或完全消除时间浪费。在计划即将到来的项目时，你最好的行动方案是什么？
Your last agile project suffered from various delays, such as time passing between stating and verifying requirements, writing and testing code, and asking customers to clarify requirements and receiving clarifications. In your upcoming agile project, you want to apply some lean-agile practices to ensure that time waste reduced or entirely eliminated. What is your best course of action while planning your upcoming project?

A：制定并严格执行详细的项目管理计划
Develop and rigorously follow a detailed project management plan

B：使用根本原因分析技术查找过程中的瓶颈
Use the root cause analysis techniques to find bottlenecks in the process

C：创建自主团队并为他们提供所需的资源
Create a self-directed team and provide them with the resources they need

D：安排与客户的电话会议以明确要求
Schedule conference calls with the customer to clarify requirements
正确答案：C 你的答案：C
解析：知识点出处：敏捷实践指南页码：P9 章节：2.2 自组织团队最符合敏捷的价值观和原则

83、当一个敏捷团队进行第七次迭代时，一个新相关方加入了该项目。相关方经常联系团队成员以请求信息并质疑他们的方法。Scrum主管注意到团队的生产力下降了。对于Scrum主管来说，最好的行动方案是什么？
As an agile team works its way through the seventh iteration, a new stakeholder joins the project. The stakeholder frequently contacts the team members to request information and question their methods. The scrum master notices that the productivity of the team drops. What is the best course of action for the scrum master?
A：清除妨碍团队进展的障碍和阻碍
Remove impediments and roadblocks that interfere with the team's progress

B：鼓励团队与相关方互动，并满足他们的需求
Encourage the team to interact with and address the needs of the stakeholder

C：将团队从相关方和任何其他外部影响中隔离出来
Isolate the team from the stakeholder and any other external influences

D：为团队提供他们需要的任何东西，以提高他们的积极性和生产力
Provide the team with anything they need to be more motivated and productive

正确答案：A 你的答案：A
解析：知识点出处：敏捷实践指南页码：P34 章节：4.2.1 仆人式领导的职责：仆人式领导通过管理关系，在团队内和组织中建立沟通与协作。这些关系可以帮助领导在组织中得心应手地为团队提供支持。这种支持有助于消除障碍，促进团队理顺过程。在敏捷实践中，项目经理重要的核心工作就是消除障碍。

84、一个只有一位项目经理的小型组织决定从传统的瀑布式项目管理方法过渡到敏捷。然而，相关的组织人员缺乏敏捷方法的经验。该组织选择使用混合生命周期作为过渡战略。还应该做些什么来促进过渡？
A small organization with one project manager decides to transit from a traditional waterfall project management approach to agile. However, the relevant organizational personnel lack experience with agile methodologies. The organization has elected to use hybrid life cycles as a transition strategy. What else should be done to facilitate the transition?
A：将现有项目经理替换成经验丰富的外部敏捷教练
Replace the existing project manager with an experienced external agile coach
B：建立指令性项目管理办公室（PMO）来领导过渡
Establish a directive project management office (PMO) to lead the transition
C：将项目经理的角色完全化为敏捷团队的自我管理
Eliminate the project manager's role entirely as agile teams are self-managing
D：聘请外部敏捷教练协助组织进行过渡
Contract an external agile coach to assist the organization with the transition
正确答案：D 你的答案：D
解析：知识点出处：敏捷实践指南页码：P30 章节：3.1.11 许多团队无法在一夜之间切换到敏捷工作方式。因此，计划一个渐进的过渡是有意义的。 A还需要项目经理 B指令型错误 C暂时无法完全敏捷化

85、在每日站会上，项目经理与团队成员逐个交流，询问每个成员已经完成的工作，并批评他们到目前为止团队进展缓慢。会议持续了近一个小时，最后变成了一个状态会议。项目经理应该做些什么来避免下次的站会变成状态会议？
During a daily standup meeting, the project manager goes from one team member to another questioning each one on the work they have accomplished and reprimanding them for the slow progress the team made so far. The meeting lasts for almost an hour and turns into a status meeting. What should the project manager do differently to avoid the next standup meeting turning into a status meeting?

A：使用在会议开始30分钟后配置为报警的计时器
Use a timer configured to alarm 30 minutes after the start of the meeting

B：将开发生命周期从适应型切换到预测
Switch the development life cycle from adaptive to predictive

C：让团队成员代替项目经理来引导站会
Have a team member to facilitate the standup instead of the project manager

D：只关注阻碍进展的障碍和阻碍的问题
Only focus on issues that represent roadblocks and impediments to progress

正确答案：C 你的答案：C
解析：知识点出处：敏捷实践指南页码：P54 章节：5.2.4 站会中常见的一个反模式是，站会变成了状态报告会议。团队可以举办自己的站会。只要体现了团队工作需要的密切合作，进行顺利，站会便会非常有用。要针对团队何时需要站会、站会是否有效等问题有意识地做出决定。站会可以自组织，让团队成员轮流主持。站会非状态报告会。

86、一家公司开始了它的第一个混合型项目。项目进度计划是根据基准来衡量的，并且产品是使用Scrum开发的。公司已经为团队进行了敏捷培训。项目的完成日期到了，团队提交他们到目前为止能够完成的内容。客户检查产品并指出一个重要的功能没有交付。造成这种情况最可能的原因是什么？
A company undertakes its first hybrid project. The project schedule is measured against the baseline, and the product is developed using Scrum. Agile training is provided to the team. The project completion date is due, and the team submits what they were able to complete so far. The customer inspects the product and indicates that an important feature was not delivered. What was the most likely reason that caused this situation?

A：项目团队拒绝在晚上和周末工作以完成整个产品待办事项列表
The project team refused to work evenings and weekends to complete the entire product backlog.

B：产品负责人未包括在敏捷培训中，甚至没有分配到项目中
A product owner was not included in agile training or was not even assigned to the project.

C：项目团队没有与客户协商如何确定产品待办事项列表的优先级
The project team did not consult with the customer on how to prioritize the product backlog.

D：进度基准太短，无法开发产品待办事项列表中的所有项目
The schedule baseline was too short for all the items in the product backlog to be developed.
正确答案：B 你的答案：B
解析：知识点出处：敏捷实践指南页码：41 章节：4.3.2 产品负责人 Product Owner ：创建待办列表并排序、确认工作优先顺序、提供反馈、指导开发方向 PO对接客户，以确定是否变更以及何时变更。

87、一个项目来取代目前公司的文件存储系统已经获批。外部供应商提供硬件，内部团队开发软件。这个团队是自组织的，由一般的专家组成。团队建议迭代地与供应商合作，但供应商表示拒绝。因此，只有软件将被迭代开发。什么项目管理方法对该项目最有效？
A project has been chartered to replace the current company's file storage system. An external vendor provides the hardware, and an internal team develops the software. The team is self-organizing and comprised of generalized specialists. The team suggests working iteratively with the vendor, but the vendor refuses. Therefore, only software will be developed iteratively. What project management approach would work best for this project?
A：混合式 Hybrid
B：瀑布式 Waterfall
C：敏捷式 Agile
D：预测式 Predictive
正确答案：A 你的答案：A
解析：知识点出处：敏捷实践指南页码：P26 章节：3.1.6 混合生命周期的特征：对于整个项目，没有必要使用单一的方法。为达到特定的目标，项目经常要结合不同的生命周期要素。预测、迭代、增量和/或敏捷方法的组合就是一种混合方法。软件开发为敏捷，其他为瀑布。

88、在最后一次迭代结束的前几天，团队通知项目经理，他们将无法完成两个工作包A和B，因为WBS不够完善。团队认为他们可能能够按时完成包A，但需要额外一周的时间来完成包B，后者的优先级更高。对项目经理来说，最好的行动方案是什么？
A few days before the end of the last iteration, the team informs the project manager that they will be unable to finish two work packages, A and B, because the WBS is insufficiently refined. The team thinks they might be able to complete package A on time but will need an additional week to complete package B which has a higher priority. What is the best course of action for the project manager?

A：扩展迭代长度以完成包A和B
Extend the iteration length in order to finish both packages A and B

B：指示团队完成包B，因为它具有更高优先级
Instruct the team to complete package B since it has a higher priority

C：指示团队完成包A，因为它可以及时完成
Instruct the team to complete package A since it can be done on time

D：咨询产品负责人并做出相应的决定
Consult with the product owner and make a decision accordingly
正确答案：D 你的答案：D
解析：知识点出处：敏捷实践指南页码：41 章节：4.3.2 产品负责人 Product Owner ：创建待办列表并排序、确认工作优先顺序、提供反馈、指导开发方向。产品负责人来确定需求的优先级。

89、当一个关键相关方向项目经理提出一个新要求时，敏捷团队正在进行冲刺的中途。相关方声称该要求是必须具备的。变更管理计划规定所有的变更都应该通过变更控制委员会（CCB）。对项目经理来说，最好的行动方案是什么？
An agile team is midway through a sprint when a key stakeholder approaches the project manager with a new requirement. The stakeholder claims that the requirement is must-have. The change management plan provides that all changes should pass through the change control board (CCB). What is the best course of action for the project manager?

A：重新确定当前冲刺待办事项列表的优先级，并指导项目团队开发新的必须拥有的需求
Reprioritize the backlog of the current sprint and instruct the project team to develop the new must-have requirement

B：拒绝要求，因为新的要求只能由产品负责人和变更控制委员会提出
Reject the requirement since new requirements can be requested only by the product owner and change control board

C：举行一次冲刺回顾，以确定为什么在收集需求过程中没有确定需求
Hold a sprint retrospective to determine why the requirement was not identified during the Collect Requirements process

D：邀请相关方与产品负责人讨论新的需求，并让他们提交变更请求
Ask the stakeholder to discuss the new requirement with the product owner and have them submit a change request

正确答案：D 你的答案：D
解析：知识点出处：敏捷实践指南页码：P26 章节：3.1.6 混合生命周期的特征：对于整个项目，没有必要使用单一的方法。为达到特定的目标，项目经常要结合不同的生命周期要素。预测、迭代、增量和/或敏捷方法的组合就是一种混合方法。敏捷团队，由PO负责讨论变更。有CCB，说明明是混合生命周期，因此确认好再提出变更。

90、已经决定使用敏捷框架来管理项目。项目正在实施中。在这种适应性环境中，项目经理应该关注什么？
It has been decided that a project will be managed using an agile framework. The project is now in execution. In this adaptive environment, what should be the focus of the project manager?
A：执行详细的产品计划和交付
Performing detailed product planning and delivery
B：建立合作决策的环境
Building a collaborative decision-making environment
C：要求项目团队对截止日期负责
Holding the project team accountable for deadlines
D：计划在每次迭代中将完成什么
Planning what will be accomplished during each iteration

正确答案：B 你的答案：B
解析：知识点出处：敏捷实践指南页码：P34 章节：4.2.1 仆人式领导的职责：仆人式领导通过管理关系，在团队内和组织中建立沟通与协作。这些关系可以帮助领导在组织中得心应手地为团队提供支持。这种支持有助于消除障碍，促进团队理顺过程。仆人式领导创造协作的环境

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