pythonrandint用法_Python randint()用法及代码示例

randint()是Python3中随机模块的内置函数。随机模块提供对各种有用功能的访问，其中一个功能可以生成随机数，即randint()。句法：

randint(start, end)

参数：

(start, end): Both of them must be integer type values.

返回值：

A random integer within the given range as parameters.

错误和异常：

ValueError:Returns a ValueError when floating

point values are passed as parameters.

TypeError:Returns a TypeError when anything other than

numeric values are passed as parameters.

代码1：

# Python3 program explaining work

# of randint() function

# imports random module

import random

# Generates a random number between

# a given positive range

r1 = random.randint(0, 10)

print("Random number between 0 and 10 is % s" % (r1))

# Generates a random number between

# two given negative range

r2 = random.randint(-10, -1)

print("Random number between -10 and -1 is % d" % (r2))

# Generates a random number between

# a positive and a negative range

r3 = random.randint(-5, 5)

print("Random number between -5 and 5 is % d" % (r3))

输出：

Random number between 0 and 10 is 5

Random number between -10 and -1 is -7

Random number between -5 and 5 is 2

代码2：程序演示ValueError。

# imports random module

import random

'''If we pass floating point values as

parameters in the randint() function'''

r1 = random.randint(1.23, 9.34)

print(r1)

输出：

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "/home/f813370b9ea61dd5d55d7dadc8ed5171.py", line 6, in

r1=random.randint(1.23, 9.34)

File "/usr/lib/python3.5/random.py", line 218, in randint

return self.randrange(a, b+1)

File "/usr/lib/python3.5/random.py", line 182, in randrange

raise ValueError("non-integer arg 1 for randrange()")

ValueError:non-integer arg 1 for randrange()

代码3：程序演示TypeError。

# imports random

import random

'''If we pass string or character literals as

parameters in the randint() function'''

r2 = random.randint('a', 'z')

print(r2)

输出：

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "/home/fb805b21fea0e29c6a65f62b99998953.py", line 5, in

r2=random.randint('a', 'z')

File "/usr/lib/python3.5/random.py", line 218, in randint

return self.randrange(a, b+1)

TypeError:Can't convert 'int' object to str implicitly

应用范围：

randint()函数可用于模拟幸运抽奖情况。

假设用户参加了幸运抽奖比赛。用户有3次机会猜测1到10之间的数字。如果猜测正确，则用户获胜，否则将输掉比赛。

# importing randint function

# from random module

from random import randint

# Function which generates a new

# random number everytime it executes

def generator():

return randint(1, 10)

# Function takes user input and returns

# true or false depending whether the

# user wins the lucky draw!

def rand_guess():

# calls generator() which returns a

# random integer between 1 and 10

random_number = generator()

# defining the number of

# guesses the user gets

guess_left = 3

# Setting a flag variable to check

# the win-condition for user

flag = 0

# looping the number of times

# the user gets chances

while guess_left > 0:

# Taking a input from the user

guess = int(input("Pick your number to "

"enter the lucky draw\n"))

# checking whether user's guess

# matches the generated win-condition

if guess == random_number:

# setting flag as 1 if user guessses

# correctly and then loop is broken

flag = 1

break

else:

# If user's choice doesn't match

# win-condition then it is printed

print("Wrong Guess!!")

# Decrementing number of

# guesses left by 1

guess_left -= 1

# If win-condition is satisfied then,

# the function rand_guess returns True

if flag is 1:

return True

# Else the function returns False

else:

return False

# Driver code

if __name__ == '__main__':

if rand_guess() is True:

print("Congrats!! You Win.")

else :

print("Sorry, You Lost!")

输出：

Pick your number to enter the lucky draw

Wrong Guess!!

Pick your number to enter the lucky draw

Wrong Guess!!

Pick your number to enter the lucky draw

Congrats!! You Win.

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