python基础知识-列表，元组，字典
2024-05-29 22:55:26
列表（list）
赋值方法：
l = [11,45,67,34,89,23]
l = list()
列表的方法：
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 3 class list(object): 4 """ 5 list() -> new empty list 6 list(iterable) -> new list initialized from iterable's items 7 """ 8 def append(self, p_object): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 9 '''在列表末尾添加一个新的对象''' 10 """ L.append(object) -> None -- append object to end """ 11 pass 12 13 def clear(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 14 '''清空列表中的所有对象''' 15 """ L.clear() -> None -- remove all items from L """ 16 pass 17 18 def copy(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 19 '''拷贝一个新的列表''' 20 """ L.copy() -> list -- a shallow copy of L """ 21 return [] 22 23 def count(self, value): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 24 '''某个元素在列表中出现的次数''' 25 """ L.count(value) -> integer -- return number of occurrences of value """ 26 return 0 27 28 def extend(self, iterable): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 29 '''在列表的末尾追加另外一个列表的多个值''' 30 """ L.extend(iterable) -> None -- extend list by appending elements from the iterable """ 31 pass 32 33 def index(self, value, start=None, stop=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 34 '''查找给定值第一次出现的位置''' 35 """ 36 L.index(value, [start, [stop]]) -> integer -- return first index of value. 37 Raises ValueError if the value is not present. 38 """ 39 return 0 40 41 def insert(self, index, p_object): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 42 '''指定位置插入元素''' 43 """ L.insert(index, object) -- insert object before index """ 44 pass 45 46 def pop(self, index=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 47 '''移除列表中最后一个元素,并获取这个元素''' 48 """ 49 L.pop([index]) -> item -- remove and return item at index (default last). 50 Raises IndexError if list is empty or index is out of range. 51 """ 52 pass 53 54 def remove(self, value): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 55 '''移除列表中给定值的第一次出现的元素''' 56 """ 57 L.remove(value) -> None -- remove first occurrence of value. 58 Raises ValueError if the value is not present. 59 """ 60 pass 61 62 def reverse(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 63 '''反转列表''' 64 """ L.reverse() -- reverse *IN PLACE* """ 65 pass 66 67 def sort(self, key=None, reverse=False): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 68 '''对列表中的元素排序''' 69 """ L.sort(key=None, reverse=False) -> None -- stable sort *IN PLACE* """ 70 pass
list
方法示例：
####
append()
>>> l = [11,45,67,34,89,23]
>>> l.append(44)
>>> l
[11, 45, 67, 34, 89, 23, 44]
####
>>> l
[1, 4, 7, 11, 23, 34, 34, 44, 44, 45, 67, 89]
>>> l.clear()
>>> l
[]
####
copy()
>>> l
[11, 45, 67, 34, 89, 23, 44]
>>> i = l.copy()
>>> i
[11, 45, 67, 34, 89, 23, 44]
####
count()
>>> l
[11, 45, 67, 34, 89, 23, 44, 44, 44, 45, 34]
>>> l.count(44)
3
####
extend()
>>> i = [1,4,7,6]
>>> l
[11, 45, 67, 34, 89, 23, 44, 44, 44, 45, 34]
>>> l.extend(i)
>>> l
[11, 45, 67, 34, 89, 23, 44, 44, 44, 45, 34, 1, 4, 7, 6]
####
indexi()
>>> l
[11, 45, 67, 34, 89, 23, 44, 44, 44, 45, 34, 1, 4, 7, 6]
>>> l.index(44)
6
>>> l.index(45)
1
####
pop()
>>> l
[11, 45, 67, 34, 89, 23, 44, 44, 44, 45, 34, 1, 4, 7, 6]
>>> l.pop()
6
>>> l
[11, 45, 67, 34, 89, 23, 44, 44, 44, 45, 34, 1, 4, 7]
####
remove()
>>> l
[11, 45, 67, 34, 89, 23, 44, 44, 44, 45, 34, 1, 4, 7]
>>> l.remove(45)
>>> l
[11, 67, 34, 89, 23, 44, 44, 44, 45, 34, 1, 4, 7]
>>> l.remove(44)
>>> l
[11, 67, 34, 89, 23, 44, 44, 45, 34, 1, 4, 7]
####
reverse()
>>> l
[11, 67, 34, 89, 23, 44, 44, 45, 34, 1, 4, 7]
>>> l.reverse()
>>> l
[7, 4, 1, 34, 45, 44, 44, 23, 89, 34, 67, 11]
####
sort()
>>> l
[7, 4, 1, 34, 45, 44, 44, 23, 89, 34, 67, 11]
>>> l.sort()
>>> l
[1, 4, 7, 11, 23, 34, 34, 44, 44, 45, 67, 89]
####
元组：
元组中的元素是不可以改变的。
赋值方法：
tup = 'a','b','c'
tup = ('a', 'b', 'c')
元组的方法：
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 class tuple(object): 3 """ 4 tuple() -> empty tuple 5 tuple(iterable) -> tuple initialized from iterable's items 6 7 If the argument is a tuple, the return value is the same object. 8 """ 9 def count(self, value): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 10 '''某个元素在元素中出现的次数''' 11 """ T.count(value) -> integer -- return number of occurrences of value """ 12 return 0 13 14 def index(self, value, start=None, stop=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 15 '''查找给定值第一次出现的位置''' 16 """ 17 T.index(value, [start, [stop]]) -> integer -- return first index of value. 18 Raises ValueError if the value is not present. 19 """ 20 return 0 21 22 def __add__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 23 """ Return self+value. """ 24 pass 25 26 def __contains__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 27 """ Return key in self. """ 28 pass 29 30 def __eq__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 31 """ Return self==value. """ 32 pass 33 34 def __getattribute__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 35 """ Return getattr(self, name). """ 36 pass 37 38 def __getitem__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 39 """ Return self[key]. """ 40 pass 41 42 def __getnewargs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 43 pass 44 45 def __ge__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 46 """ Return self>=value. """ 47 pass 48 49 def __gt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 50 """ Return self>value. """ 51 pass 52 53 def __hash__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 54 """ Return hash(self). """ 55 pass 56 57 def __init__(self, seq=()): # known special case of tuple.__init__ 58 """ 59 tuple() -> empty tuple 60 tuple(iterable) -> tuple initialized from iterable's items 61 62 If the argument is a tuple, the return value is the same object. 63 # (copied from class doc) 64 """ 65 pass 66 67 def __iter__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 68 """ Implement iter(self). """ 69 pass 70 71 def __len__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 72 """ Return len(self). """ 73 pass 74 75 def __le__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 76 """ Return self<=value. """ 77 pass 78 79 def __lt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 80 """ Return self<value. """ 81 pass 82 83 def __mul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 84 """ Return self*value.n """ 85 pass 86 87 @staticmethod # known case of __new__ 88 def __new__(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 89 """ Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature. """ 90 pass 91 92 def __ne__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 93 """ Return self!=value. """ 94 pass 95 96 def __repr__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 97 """ Return repr(self). """ 98 pass 99 100 def __rmul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 101 """ Return self*value. """ 102 pass
tuple
方法示例：
####
count()
>>> tup = ('a','b','c','b')
>>> tup.count('b')
2
####
index()
>>> tup = ('a','b','c','b')
>>> tup.index('b')
1
###
字典：
字典（dict）：字典为一对键（key）和值（value）的对应关系，中间使用“：”分隔开。
key在字典中是唯一的，字典是无序的。
赋值字典：
dic = {'k1':'v1','k2':'v2','k3':'v3'}
字典的方法：
1 #!/usr/bin/env python
2 class dict(object):
3 """
4 dict() -> new empty dictionary
5 dict(mapping) -> new dictionary initialized from a mapping object's
6 (key, value) pairs
7 dict(iterable) -> new dictionary initialized as if via:
8 d = {}
9 for k, v in iterable:
10 d[k] = v
11 dict(**kwargs) -> new dictionary initialized with the name=value pairs
12 in the keyword argument list. For example: dict(one=1, two=2)
13 """
14 def clear(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
15 '''清空字典'''
16 """ D.clear() -> None. Remove all items from D. """
17 pass
18
19 def copy(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
20 '''拷贝字典，浅拷贝'''
21 """ D.copy() -> a shallow copy of D """
22 pass
23
24 @staticmethod # known case
25 def fromkeys(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
26 '''首先有一个列表，这个列表将作为一个字典的key，如果不给值则所有key的值为空，如果给值就将值设置为key的值'''
27 """ Returns a new dict with keys from iterable and values equal to value. """
28 pass
29
30 def get(self, k, d=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
31 '''根据key取值，如果没有这个key,不返回值'''
32 """ D.get(k[,d]) -> D[k] if k in D, else d. d defaults to None. """
33 pass
34
35 def items(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
36 '''所有key和值组成列表的形式'''
37 """ D.items() -> a set-like object providing a view on D's items """
38 pass
39
40 def keys(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
41 '''所有key组成列表的形式'''
42 """ D.keys() -> a set-like object providing a view on D's keys """
43 pass
44
45 def pop(self, k, d=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
46 '''获取key的值，并从字典中删除'''
47 """
48 D.pop(k[,d]) -> v, remove specified key and return the corresponding value.
49 If key is not found, d is returned if given, otherwise KeyError is raised
50 """
51 pass
52
53 def popitem(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
54 '''获取键值对，并在字典中删除，随机的'''
55 """
56 D.popitem() -> (k, v), remove and return some (key, value) pair as a
57 2-tuple; but raise KeyError if D is empty.
58 """
59 pass
60
61 def setdefault(self, k, d=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
62 '''如果key不存在，则创建，如果key存在则返回key的值，不会修改key的值'''
63 """ D.setdefault(k[,d]) -> D.get(k,d), also set D[k]=d if k not in D """
64 pass
65
66 def update(self, E=None, **F): # known special case of dict.update
67 '''更新'''
68 """
69 D.update([E, ]**F) -> None. Update D from dict/iterable E and F.
70 If E is present and has a .keys() method, then does: for k in E: D[k] = E[k]
71 If E is present and lacks a .keys() method, then does: for k, v in E: D[k] = v
72 In either case, this is followed by: for k in F: D[k] = F[k]
73 """
74 pass
75
76 def values(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
77 '''所有值的列表形式'''
78 """ D.values() -> an object providing a view on D's values """
79 pass
80
81 def __contains__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
82 """ True if D has a key k, else False. """
83 pass
84
85 def __delitem__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
86 """ Delete self[key]. """
87 pass
88
89 def __eq__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
90 """ Return self==value. """
91 pass
92
93 def __getattribute__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
94 """ Return getattr(self, name). """
95 pass
96
97 def __getitem__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
98 """ x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y] """
99 pass
100
101 def __ge__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
102 """ Return self>=value. """
103 pass
104
105 def __gt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
106 """ Return self>value. """
107 pass
108
109 def __init__(self, seq=None, **kwargs): # known special case of dict.__init__
110 """
111 dict() -> new empty dictionary
112 dict(mapping) -> new dictionary initialized from a mapping object's
113 (key, value) pairs
114 dict(iterable) -> new dictionary initialized as if via:
115 d = {}
116 for k, v in iterable:
117 d[k] = v
118 dict(**kwargs) -> new dictionary initialized with the name=value pairs
119 in the keyword argument list. For example: dict(one=1, two=2)
120 # (copied from class doc)
121 """
122 pass
123
124 def __iter__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
125 """ Implement iter(self). """
126 pass
127
128 def __len__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
129 """ Return len(self). """
130 pass
131
132 def __le__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
133 """ Return self<=value. """
134 pass
135
136 def __lt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
137 """ Return self<value. """
138 pass
139
140 @staticmethod # known case of __new__
141 def __new__(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
142 """ Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature. """
143 pass
144
145 def __ne__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
146 """ Return self!=value. """
147 pass
148
149 def __repr__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
150 """ Return repr(self). """
151 pass
152
153 def __setitem__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
154 """ Set self[key] to value. """
155 pass
156
157 def __sizeof__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
158 """ D.__sizeof__() -> size of D in memory, in bytes """
159 pass
160
161 __hash__ = Nonedict
方法示例：
####
clear()
>>> dic
{'k1': 'v1', 'k2': 'v2', 'k3': 'v3'}
>>> dic.clear()
>>> dic
{}
####
copy()
>>> dic = {'k1':'v1','k2':'v2','k3':'v3'}
>>> dic2 = dic.copy()
>>> dic2
{'k1': 'v1', 'k2': 'v2', 'k3': 'v3'}
####
>>> l = [2,3,5,6,7]
>>> d = dict.fromkeys(l)
>>> d
{2: None, 3: None, 5: None, 6: None, 7: None}
>>> d = dict.fromkeys(l,'a')
>>> d
{2: 'a', 3: 'a', 5: 'a', 6: 'a', 7: 'a'}
####
items()
>>> dic = {'k1':'v1','k2':'v2','k3':'v3'}
>>> dic.items()
dict_items([('k1', 'v1'), ('k2', 'v2'), ('k3', 'v3')])
####
keys()
>>> dic = {'k1':'v1','k2':'v2','k3':'v3'}
>>> dic.keys()
dict_keys(['k1', 'k2', 'k3'])
####
pop()
>>> dic = {'k1':'v1','k2':'v2','k3':'v3'}
>>> dic.pop('k2')
'v2'
>>> dic
{'k1': 'v1', 'k3': 'v3'}
####
popitme()
>>> dic = {'k1':'v1','k2':'v2','k3':'v3'}
>>> dic.popitem()
('k2', 'v2')
>>> dic
{'k1':'v1','k3':'v3'}
####
setdefault()
>>> dic = {'k1':'v1','k2':'v2','k3':'v3'}
>>> dic.setdefault('k2')
'v2'
>>> dic.setdefault('k4','v4')
'v4'
>>> dic
{'k1': 'v1', 'k4': 'v4', 'k2': 'v2', 'k3': 'v3'}
####
update()
>>> dic
{'k1': 'v1', 'k4': 'v4', 'k2': 'v2', 'k3': 'v3'}
>>> dic2
{'k5': 'v5'}
>>> dic.update(dic2)
>>> dic
{'k1': 'v1', 'k5': 'v5', 'k4': 'v4', 'k2': 'v2', 'k3': 'v3'}
>>> dic2
{'k5': 'v5'}
####
values()
>>> dic
{'k1': 'v1', 'k2': 'v2', 'k3': 'v3'}
>>> dic.values()
dict_values(['v1', 'v2', 'v3'])
####
转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/binges/p/5118998.html
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