VSCode配置编译MSVC程序

本文来自于以下链接的实践：
Configure VS Code for Microsoft C++

前言

自从盘古开天辟地以来，乱世纷争，群雄并起。在编程IDE领域，各路豪杰争霸，互不相让。直是乱花渐欲迷人眼，何处是归途？所谓天下大势，分久必合。微软乃上顺天意，下应民心，兼相爱，交相利。于是，VSCode横空出世，利刃出鞘，魑魅魍魉，片甲不留。一时间，各路豪杰避之唯恐不及。其构思精妙绝伦，色泽圆润无比。30多万行脚本代码，垒出盖世神宫，不可谓不是神来之笔。从此以后，秦时明月，汉时古道，小桥流水，暖玉生烟，乾坤朗朗，天下太平。

Electron 可以让你使用纯 JavaScript 调用丰富的原生 APIs 来创造桌面应用

VSCode团队负责人：Erich Gamma . JUnit 作者之一，《设计模式》作者之一， Eclipse 架构师。2011 加入微软，在瑞士苏黎世组建团队开发基于 web 技术的编辑器，也就是后来的 monaco-editor。VSCode 开发团队从 10 来个人开始，早期成员大多有 Eclipse 开发团队的背景。

配置编译MSVC程序

确定已经安装了Microsoft Visual Studio(我用的是2015)。点此直达Visual Studio下载页面。安装位置在C盘默认位置。为此C盘至少要有500GB空间，这样才能一劳永逸。
确定已经安装了VSCode.点此直达VSCode下载页面.如果选择了zip包，需要手工配置Path环境变量。
编辑2个批处理文件，一个用于编译32位程序(vscode-x86.bat)，一个用于64位(vscode-x64.bat)。都放在桌面上备用。内容一句话(根据Visual Studio安装位置决定)：

vscode-x86.bat

cmd /K "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\vcvarsall.bat" x86

vscode-x64.bat

cmd /K "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\vcvarsall.bat" amd64

检查载入的环境：

cl.exe /?

双击 vscode-x64.bat 打开一个cmd窗口，在此窗口中输入命令以切换到工程父目录。新建helloworld工程。
```
cd ..
mkdir Projects
cd Projects
mkdir helloworld
code .
```
从此 helloworld 项目目录 “${workspaceFolder}” 就是你的衣食父母。
code . 命令在${workspaceFolder}目录下创建了一个文件夹.vscode，里面未来将会有3个文件：
(1) tasks.json (构建设定)
[VSCode菜单] Terminal > Configure Default Build Task
选中 C/C++: cl.exe build active file，新建或打开 tasks.json

(2) launch.json (调试设定)
[VSCode菜单] Debug > Add Configuration…
选中 C++ (Windows)，新建launch.json

(3) c_cpp_properties.json (编译路径和智能提示设定)
Ctrl+Shift+P
输入： C/C++: Edit Configurations (UI 或 JSON)
给你的项目添加源代码文件
Ctrl+Shift+B 编译
F5 调试
调试的快捷键用法和VisualStudio一样。

helloworld示例工程

项目结构

helloworld/|+-- .gitignore+-- Makefile+-- README.md+-- VERSION+-- AUTHOR+-- .git/+-- .vscode/|+-- tasks.json+-- launch.json+-- c_cpp_properties.json+-- src/|+-- helloapi.h+-- helloapi.c+-- helloworld.c

部分文件内容

tasks.json

  {// See https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=733558 // for the documentation about the tasks.json format"version": "2.0.0","tasks": [{"type": "shell","label": "cl.exe build active file","command": "cl.exe","args": ["/Zi","/EHsc","/Fe:","${workspaceFolder}\\build\\helloworld.exe","${workspaceFolder}\\src\\helloworld.c","${workspaceFolder}\\src\\helloapi.c"],"problemMatcher": ["$msCompile"],"group": {"kind": "build","isDefault": true}}]}

launch.json

  {// Use IntelliSense to learn about possible attributes.// Hover to view descriptions of existing attributes.// For more information, visit: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387"version": "0.2.0","configurations": [{"name": "cl.exe build and debug active file","type": "cppvsdbg","request": "launch","program": "${workspaceFolder}/build/helloworld.exe","args": [],"stopAtEntry": true,"cwd": "${workspaceFolder}/build","environment": [],"externalConsole": false,"preLaunchTask": "cl.exe build active file"}]}

c_cpp_properties.json

  {"configurations": [{"name": "Win32",  // Win32, Linux, Mac 这3名字是针对特定平台的保留字，系统会自动匹配。其他名字任意"includePath": ["${workspaceFolder}/src/**","C:/Program Files (x86)/Windows Kits/10/Include/10.0.10240.0/**"],"defines": ["_DEBUG","UNICODE","_UNICODE"],"windowsSdkVersion": "10.0.10240.0","compilerPath": "C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0/VC/bin/cl.exe","cStandard": "c11","cppStandard": "c++17","intelliSenseMode": "msvc-x64"}],"version": 4}

helloapi.h

/*** helloapi.h*/
#ifndef HELLOAPI_H
#define HELLOAPI_H#if defined(__cplusplus)
extern "C"
{#endifextern const char * get_appname (void);extern const char * get_version (void);#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif#endif /* HELLOAPI_H */

helloapi.c

  #include "helloapi.h"const char * get_appname (void){return "helloworld";}const char * get_version (void){return "0.0.1";}

helloworld.c

  #include <stdio.h>#include "helloapi.h"int main (int argc, const char *argv[]){printf("%s-%s sample with vscode!\n", get_appname(), get_version());return 0;}

Makefile (build for gcc)

PREFIX=.BUILDDIR=$(PREFIX)/buildSRCDIR=$(PREFIX)/srcAPPINCLUDE=-I$(SRCDIR)# cygwin or linux
CC=gcc# build for release
CFLAGS=-D_GNU_SOURCE -DNDEBUG -O2# build for valgrind memory check:
#   $ valgrind --leak-check=full --show-leak-kinds=all ./logapp -n10000000
#CFLAGS=-D_GNU_SOURCE -g# application binary
APPBIN=helloworld# objects for static lib
APPOBJS=helloapi.oall: $(APPBIN)help:@echo "make"helloapi.o: $(SRCDIR)/helloapi.c$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c $(SRCDIR)/helloapi.c -o $@# target for building application
$(APPBIN): $(APPOBJS) $(SRCDIR)/helloworld.c$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(SRCDIR)/helloworld.c $(APPINCLUDE) -o $@ \$(APPOBJS) \-lpthread -lrt -lmclean:-rm -f $(BUILDDIR)/*.PHONY: all clean