IP地址是指互联网协议地址（英语：Internet Protocol Address，又译为网际协议地址），是IP Address的缩写。IP地址是IP协议提供的一种统一的地址格式，它为互联网上的每一个网络和每一台主机分配一个逻辑地址，以此来屏蔽物理地址的差异。IP地址是一个32位的二进制数，通常被分割为4个“8位二进制数”（也就是4个字节）。IP地址通常用“点分十进制”表示成（a.b.c.d）的形式，其中，a,b,c,d都是0~255之间的十进制整数。例：点分十进IP地址（100.4.5.6），实际上是32位二进制数（01100100.00000100.00000101.00000110）。

IP地址

"端口"是英文port的意译，可以认为是设备与外界通讯交流的出口。

端口

import socket
sk = socket.socket()
sk.bind(('127.0.0.1',8898))  #把地址绑定到套接字
sk.listen()          #监听链接
conn,addr = sk.accept() #接受客户端链接
ret = conn.recv(1024)  #接收客户端信息
print(ret)       #打印客户端信息
conn.send(b'hi')        #向客户端发送信息
conn.close()       #关闭客户端套接字
sk.close()        #关闭服务器套接字(可选)

import socket
sk = socket.socket()           # 创建客户套接字
sk.connect(('127.0.0.1',8898))    # 尝试连接服务器
sk.send(b'hello!')
ret = sk.recv(1024)         # 对话(发送/接收)
print(ret)
sk.close()            # 关闭客户套接字

#加入一条socket配置，重用ip和端口
import socket
from socket import SOL_SOCKET,SO_REUSEADDR
sk = socket.socket()
sk.setsockopt(SOL_SOCKET,SO_REUSEADDR,1) #就是它，在bind前加
sk.bind(('127.0.0.1',8898))  #把地址绑定到套接字
sk.listen()          #监听链接
conn,addr = sk.accept() #接受客户端链接
ret = conn.recv(1024)   #接收客户端信息
print(ret)              #打印客户端信息
conn.send(b'hi')        #向客户端发送信息
conn.close()       #关闭客户端套接字
sk.close()        #关闭服务器套接字(可选)

import socket
udp_sk = socket.socket(type=socket.SOCK_DGRAM)   #创建一个服务器的套接字
udp_sk.bind(('127.0.0.1',9000))        #绑定服务器套接字
msg,addr = udp_sk.recvfrom(1024)
print(msg)
udp_sk.sendto(b'hi',addr)                 # 对话(接收与发送)
udp_sk.close()                         # 关闭服务器套接字

import socket
ip_port=('127.0.0.1',9000)
udp_sk=socket.socket(type=socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
udp_sk.sendto(b'hello',ip_port)
back_msg,addr=udp_sk.recvfrom(1024)
print(back_msg.decode('utf-8'),addr)

#_*_coding:utf-8_*_
import socket
ip_port=('127.0.0.1',8081)
udp_server_sock=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
udp_server_sock.bind(ip_port)while True:qq_msg,addr=udp_server_sock.recvfrom(1024)print('来自[%s:%s]的一条消息:\033[1;44m%s\033[0m' %(addr[0],addr[1],qq_msg.decode('utf-8')))back_msg=input('回复消息: ').strip()udp_server_sock.sendto(back_msg.encode('utf-8'),addr)

#_*_coding:utf-8_*_
import socket
BUFSIZE=1024
udp_client_socket=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_DGRAM)qq_name_dic={'金老板':('127.0.0.1',8081),'哪吒':('127.0.0.1',8081),'egg':('127.0.0.1',8081),'yuan':('127.0.0.1',8081),
}while True:qq_name=input('请选择聊天对象: ').strip()while True:msg=input('请输入消息,回车发送,输入q结束和他的聊天: ').strip()if msg == 'q':breakif not msg or not qq_name or qq_name not in qq_name_dic:continueudp_client_socket.sendto(msg.encode('utf-8'),qq_name_dic[qq_name])back_msg,addr=udp_client_socket.recvfrom(BUFSIZE)print('来自[%s:%s]的一条消息:\033[1;44m%s\033[0m' %(addr[0],addr[1],back_msg.decode('utf-8')))udp_client_socket.close()

socket.socket(family=AF_INET,type=SOCK_STREAM,proto=0,fileno=None)

#_*_coding:utf-8_*_
from socket import *
import subprocessip_port=('127.0.0.1',8888)
BUFSIZE=1024tcp_socket_server=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM)
tcp_socket_server.setsockopt(SOL_SOCKET,SO_REUSEADDR,1)
tcp_socket_server.bind(ip_port)
tcp_socket_server.listen(5)while True:conn,addr=tcp_socket_server.accept()print('客户端',addr)while True:cmd=conn.recv(BUFSIZE)if len(cmd) == 0:breakres=subprocess.Popen(cmd.decode('utf-8'),shell=True,stdout=subprocess.PIPE,stdin=subprocess.PIPE,stderr=subprocess.PIPE)stderr=res.stderr.read()stdout=res.stdout.read()conn.send(stderr)conn.send(stdout)

#_*_coding:utf-8_*_
import socket
BUFSIZE=1024
ip_port=('127.0.0.1',8888)s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)
res=s.connect_ex(ip_port)while True:msg=input('>>: ').strip()if len(msg) == 0:continueif msg == 'quit':breaks.send(msg.encode('utf-8'))act_res=s.recv(BUFSIZE)print(act_res.decode('utf-8'),end='')

#_*_coding:utf-8_*_
from socket import *
import subprocessip_port=('127.0.0.1',9000)
bufsize=1024udp_server=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM)
udp_server.setsockopt(SOL_SOCKET,SO_REUSEADDR,1)
udp_server.bind(ip_port)while True:#收消息cmd,addr=udp_server.recvfrom(bufsize)print('用户命令----->',cmd)#逻辑处理res=subprocess.Popen(cmd.decode('utf-8'),shell=True,stderr=subprocess.PIPE,stdin=subprocess.PIPE,stdout=subprocess.PIPE)stderr=res.stderr.read()stdout=res.stdout.read()#发消息udp_server.sendto(stderr,addr)udp_server.sendto(stdout,addr)
udp_server.close()

from socket import *
ip_port=('127.0.0.1',9000)
bufsize=1024udp_client=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM)while True:msg=input('>>: ').strip()udp_client.sendto(msg.encode('utf-8'),ip_port)err,addr=udp_client.recvfrom(bufsize)out,addr=udp_client.recvfrom(bufsize)if err:print('error : %s'%err.decode('utf-8'),end='')if out:print(out.decode('utf-8'), end='')

#_*_coding:utf-8_*_
import socket,subprocess
ip_port=('127.0.0.1',8080)
s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)s.bind(ip_port)
s.listen(5)while True:conn,addr=s.accept()print('客户端',addr)while True:msg=conn.recv(1024)if not msg:breakres=subprocess.Popen(msg.decode('utf-8'),shell=True,\stdin=subprocess.PIPE,\stderr=subprocess.PIPE,\stdout=subprocess.PIPE)err=res.stderr.read()if err:ret=errelse:ret=res.stdout.read()data_length=len(ret)conn.send(str(data_length).encode('utf-8'))data=conn.recv(1024).decode('utf-8')if data == 'recv_ready':conn.sendall(ret)conn.close()

#_*_coding:utf-8_*_
import socket,time
s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)
res=s.connect_ex(('127.0.0.1',8080))while True:msg=input('>>: ').strip()if len(msg) == 0:continueif msg == 'quit':breaks.send(msg.encode('utf-8'))length=int(s.recv(1024).decode('utf-8'))s.send('recv_ready'.encode('utf-8'))send_size=0recv_size=0data=b''while recv_size < length:data+=s.recv(1024)recv_size+=len(data)print(data.decode('utf-8'))

>>> struct.pack('i',1111111111111)struct.error: 'i' format requires -2147483648 <= number <= 2147483647 #这个是范围

import json,struct
#假设通过客户端上传1T:1073741824000的文件a.txt#为避免粘包,必须自定制报头
header={'file_size':1073741824000,'file_name':'/a/b/c/d/e/a.txt','md5':'8f6fbf8347faa4924a76856701edb0f3'} #1T数据,文件路径和md5值#为了该报头能传送,需要序列化并且转为bytes
head_bytes=bytes(json.dumps(header),encoding='utf-8') #序列化并转成bytes,用于传输#为了让客户端知道报头的长度,用struck将报头长度这个数字转成固定长度:4个字节
head_len_bytes=struct.pack('i',len(head_bytes)) #这4个字节里只包含了一个数字,该数字是报头的长度#客户端开始发送
conn.send(head_len_bytes) #先发报头的长度,4个bytes
conn.send(head_bytes) #再发报头的字节格式
conn.sendall(文件内容) #然后发真实内容的字节格式#服务端开始接收
head_len_bytes=s.recv(4) #先收报头4个bytes,得到报头长度的字节格式
x=struct.unpack('i',head_len_bytes)[0] #提取报头的长度head_bytes=s.recv(x) #按照报头长度x,收取报头的bytes格式
header=json.loads(json.dumps(header)) #提取报头#最后根据报头的内容提取真实的数据,比如
real_data_len=s.recv(header['file_size'])
s.recv(real_data_len)

#_*_coding:utf-8_*_
#http://www.cnblogs.com/coser/archive/2011/12/17/2291160.html
__author__ = 'Linhaifeng'
import struct
import binascii
import ctypesvalues1 = (1, 'abc'.encode('utf-8'), 2.7)
values2 = ('defg'.encode('utf-8'),101)
s1 = struct.Struct('I3sf')
s2 = struct.Struct('4sI')print(s1.size,s2.size)
prebuffer=ctypes.create_string_buffer(s1.size+s2.size)
print('Before : ',binascii.hexlify(prebuffer))
# t=binascii.hexlify('asdfaf'.encode('utf-8'))
# print(t)s1.pack_into(prebuffer,0,*values1)
s2.pack_into(prebuffer,s1.size,*values2)print('After pack',binascii.hexlify(prebuffer))
print(s1.unpack_from(prebuffer,0))
print(s2.unpack_from(prebuffer,s1.size))s3=struct.Struct('ii')
s3.pack_into(prebuffer,0,123,123)
print('After pack',binascii.hexlify(prebuffer))
print(s3.unpack_from(prebuffer,0))

import socket,struct,json
import subprocess
phone=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)
phone.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET,socket.SO_REUSEADDR,1) #就是它，在bind前加phone.bind(('127.0.0.1',8080))phone.listen(5)while True:conn,addr=phone.accept()while True:cmd=conn.recv(1024)if not cmd:breakprint('cmd: %s' %cmd)res=subprocess.Popen(cmd.decode('utf-8'),shell=True,stdout=subprocess.PIPE,stderr=subprocess.PIPE)err=res.stderr.read()print(err)if err:back_msg=errelse:back_msg=res.stdout.read()conn.send(struct.pack('i',len(back_msg))) #先发back_msg的长度conn.sendall(back_msg) #在发真实的内容conn.close()

#_*_coding:utf-8_*_
import socket,time,structs=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)
res=s.connect_ex(('127.0.0.1',8080))while True:msg=input('>>: ').strip()if len(msg) == 0:continueif msg == 'quit':breaks.send(msg.encode('utf-8'))l=s.recv(4)x=struct.unpack('i',l)[0]print(type(x),x)# print(struct.unpack('I',l))r_s=0data=b''while r_s < x:r_d=s.recv(1024)data+=r_dr_s+=len(r_d)# print(data.decode('utf-8'))print(data.decode('gbk')) #windows默认gbk编码

import socket,struct,json
import subprocess
phone=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)
phone.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET,socket.SO_REUSEADDR,1) #就是它，在bind前加phone.bind(('127.0.0.1',8080))phone.listen(5)while True:conn,addr=phone.accept()while True:cmd=conn.recv(1024)if not cmd:breakprint('cmd: %s' %cmd)res=subprocess.Popen(cmd.decode('utf-8'),shell=True,stdout=subprocess.PIPE,stderr=subprocess.PIPE)err=res.stderr.read()print(err)if err:back_msg=errelse:back_msg=res.stdout.read()headers={'data_size':len(back_msg)}head_json=json.dumps(headers)head_json_bytes=bytes(head_json,encoding='utf-8')conn.send(struct.pack('i',len(head_json_bytes))) #先发报头的长度conn.send(head_json_bytes) #再发报头conn.sendall(back_msg) #在发真实的内容conn.close()

from socket import *
import struct,jsonip_port=('127.0.0.1',8080)
client=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM)
client.connect(ip_port)while True:cmd=input('>>: ')if not cmd:continueclient.send(bytes(cmd,encoding='utf-8'))head=client.recv(4)head_json_len=struct.unpack('i',head)[0]head_json=json.loads(client.recv(head_json_len).decode('utf-8'))data_len=head_json['data_size']recv_size=0recv_data=b''while recv_size < data_len:recv_data+=client.recv(1024)recv_size+=len(recv_data)print(recv_data.decode('utf-8'))#print(recv_data.decode('gbk')) #windows默认gbk编码