Linux交叉編譯器的制作-buildroot

1.問題出現

編譯內核時，需要在PC機上進行編譯才能下載到開發板上去，但兩個平台不一樣，需要我們自己實現這個功能。

[klaus@localhost linux-3.0.1]$ make

make: /opt/buildroot-2012.08/arm920t/usr/bin/arm-linux-gcc：命令未找到

HOSTCC scripts/basic/fixdep

HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/conf.o

SHIPPED scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.c

SHIPPED scripts/kconfig/lex.zconf.c

SHIPPED scripts/kconfig/zconf.hash.c

HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.o

HOSTLD scripts/kconfig/conf

scripts/kconfig/conf --silentoldconfig Kconfig

make: /opt/buildroot-2012.08/arm920t/usr/bin/arm-linux-gcc：命令未找到

CHK include/linux/version.h

UPD include/linux/version.h

CHK include/generated/utsrelease.h

UPD include/generated/utsrelease.h

Generating include/generated/mach-types.h

CC kernel/bounds.s

/bin/sh: /opt/buildroot-2012.08/arm920t/usr/bin/arm-linux-gcc: 沒有那個文件或目錄

make[1]: *** [kernel/bounds.s] 錯誤 1

make: *** [prepare0] 錯誤 2

2.下載交叉編譯器

交叉編譯器，一般可以有兩種Buildroot和Crosstool-ng，另一篇文章中會涉及Crosstool-ng的制作，buildroot是一個使用uclibc制作的交叉編譯器，可以用來編譯u-boot、Linux內核，和根文件的制作，比較適合。

下載地址：https://buildroot.org/

切換到選擇界面來

[klaus@localhost opt]$ls

buildroot-2012.08 buildroot-2012.08.tar.bz2 rh

[klaus@localhost opt]$cd buildroot-2012.08/

[klaus@localhost buildroot-2012.08]$ls

arm920t board boot CHANGES Config.in configs COPYING dl docs fs linux Makefile output package support target toolchain

[klaus@localhost buildroot-2012.08]$export TERM=vt100

[klaus@localhost buildroot-2012.08]$make menuconfig

根據自己的開發板需求，這里用的s3c2440是arm920t類型的版本，更改配置

1)選擇arm920t,小端模式，EABI接口

2)選擇/arm920t主文件夾

3)部分工具鏈勾選

4)可以取消busybox,后面需要自己編譯

也可以將Package Selection for the target/Libraries/Compression and decompression下的lzo和zlib選上(性能比較好)。

5)取消項，我們只需要編譯器，下面四個全部取消

3.遇到的問題

(1)gcc編譯器版本不匹配

...in sectioning `Bugs' differ

/opt/buildroot-2012.08/output/toolchain/gcc-4.5.4/gcc/doc/service.texi:6: warning: node up `Service' in menu `Bugs' and in sectioning `Top' differ

make[2]: *** [doc/gcc.info] 錯誤 1

make[2]: 離開目錄“/opt/buildroot-2012.08/output/toolchain/gcc-4.5.4-initial/gcc”

make[1]: *** [all-gcc] 錯誤 2

make[1]: 離開目錄“/opt/buildroot-2012.08/output/toolchain/gcc-4.5.4-initial”

make: *** [/opt/buildroot-2012.08/output/toolchain/gcc-4.5.4-initial/.compiled] 錯誤 2

修改版本

[klaus@localhost buildroot-2012.08]$ gcc --version

gcc (GCC) 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16)

Copyright © 2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

本程序是自由軟件；請參看源代碼的版權聲明。本軟件沒有任何擔保；

包括沒有適銷性和某一專用目的下的適用性擔保。

[klaus@localhost buildroot-2012.08]$ vim .config

...

BR2_GCC_SUPPORTS_FINEGRAINEDMTUNE=y

BR2_GCC_VERSION="4.5.4"

#修改成自己的版本

BR2_EXTRA_GCC_CONFIG_OPTIONS=""

...

(2)ncurses-devel等部分缺少

可以直接用yum安裝。類似可能還會有其他缺少，可直接安裝1。

[klaus@localhost buildroot-2012.08]$sudo yum install ncurses-devel

...

驗證中 : ncurses-devel-5.9-13.20130511.el7.x86_64 5/8

驗證中 : ncurses-5.9-13.20130511.el7.x86_64 6/8

驗證中 : ncurses-libs-5.9-13.20130511.el7.x86_64 7/8

驗證中 : ncurses-base-5.9-13.20130511.el7.noarch 8/8

更新完畢:

ncurses-devel.x86_64 0:5.9-14.20130511.el7_4

作為依賴被升級:

ncurses.x86_64 0:5.9-14.20130511.el7_4 ncurses-base.noarch 0:5.9-14.20130511.el7_4 ncurses-libs.x86_64 0:5.9-14.20130511.el7_4

完畢！

[klaus@localhost buildroot-2012.08]$

(3)busybox選項取消不了

busybox取消不了的原因是某處還占用着它，在System configuration里面，這里不選擇初始化busybox即可。

4.交叉編譯器生成測試

生成結果

...

shared library, skipping

/opt/buildroot-2012.08/arm920t/usr/bin/arm-unknown-linux-uclibcgnueabi-ldconfig: can't resolve /usr/X11R6/lib in chroot .: No such file or directory

/opt/buildroot-2012.08/arm920t/usr/bin/arm-unknown-linux-uclibcgnueabi-ldconfig: skipping /usr/X11R6/lib: No such file or directory

( \

echo "NAME=Buildroot"; \

echo "VERSION=2012.08"; \

echo "ID=buildroot"; \

echo "VERSION_ID=2012.08"; \

echo "PRETTY_NAME=\"Buildroot 2012.08\"" \

) > /opt/buildroot-2012.08/output/target/etc/os-release

[klaus@localhost buildroot-2012.08]$

查看生成的目錄

[klaus@localhost ~]$ cd /opt/

[klaus@localhost opt]$ ls

buildroot-2012.08 buildroot-2012.08.tar.bz2 rh

[klaus@localhost opt]$ cd buildroot-2012.08/

[klaus@localhost buildroot-2012.08]$ ls

arm920t board boot CHANGES Config.in configs COPYING dl docs fs linux Makefile output package support target toolchain

[klaus@localhost buildroot-2012.08]$ cd arm920t/usr/bin/

[klaus@localhost bin]$ ls

aclocal arm-linux-gcc-4.8.5 arm-linux-objdump arm-unknown-linux-uclibcgnueabi-cpp arm-unknown-linux-uclibcgnueabi-ldconfig autom4te

aclocal-1.11 arm-linux-gcc-ar arm-linux-ranlib arm-unknown-linux-uclibcgnueabi-elfedit arm-unknown-linux-uclibcgnueabi-ldd automake

arm-linux-addr2line arm-linux-gcc-nm arm-linux-readelf arm-unknown-linux-uclibcgnueabi-g++ arm-unknown-linux-uclibcgnueabi-nm automake-1.11

arm-linux-ar arm-linux-gcc-ranlib arm-linux-size arm-unknown-linux-uclibcgnueabi-gcc arm-unknown-linux-uclibcgnueabi-objcopy autoreconf

arm-linux-as arm-linux-gcov arm-linux-strings arm-unknown-linux-uclibcgnueabi-gcc-4.8.5 arm-unknown-linux-uclibcgnueabi-objdump autoscan

arm-linux-c++ arm-linux-gprof arm-linux-strip arm-unknown-linux-uclibcgnueabi-gcc-ar arm-unknown-linux-uclibcgnueabi-ranlib autoupdate

arm-linux-cc arm-linux-ld arm-unknown-linux-uclibcgnueabi-addr2line arm-unknown-linux-uclibcgnueabi-gcc-nm arm-unknown-linux-uclibcgnueabi-readelf ifnames

arm-linux-c++filt arm-linux-ld.bfd arm-unknown-linux-uclibcgnueabi-ar arm-unknown-linux-uclibcgnueabi-gcc-ranlib arm-unknown-linux-uclibcgnueabi-size ldconfig

arm-linux-cpp arm-linux-ldconfig arm-unknown-linux-uclibcgnueabi-as arm-unknown-linux-uclibcgnueabi-gcov arm-unknown-linux-uclibcgnueabi-strings ldd

arm-linux-elfedit arm-linux-ldd arm-unknown-linux-uclibcgnueabi-c++ arm-unknown-linux-uclibcgnueabi-gprof arm-unknown-linux-uclibcgnueabi-strip libtool

arm-linux-g++ arm-linux-nm arm-unknown-linux-uclibcgnueabi-cc arm-unknown-linux-uclibcgnueabi-ld autoconf libtoolize

arm-linux-gcc arm-linux-objcopy arm-unknown-linux-uclibcgnueabi-c++filt arm-unknown-linux-uclibcgnueabi-ld.bfd autoheader m4

文件編譯測試

以簡單的hello.c文件，我們編譯查看現象如何

[klaus@localhost 公共]$ls

hello.c

[klaus@localhost 公共]$/opt/buildroot-2012.08/arm920t/usr/bin/arm-linux-g

arm-linux-g++ arm-linux-gcc-4.8.5 arm-linux-gcc-nm arm-linux-gcov

arm-linux-gcc arm-linux-gcc-ar arm-linux-gcc-ranlib arm-linux-gprof

[klaus@localhost 公共]$/opt/buildroot-2012.08/arm920t/usr/bin/arm-linux-gcc hello.c -o hello

[klaus@localhost 公共]$file hello

hello: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, ARM, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked (uses shared libs), not stripped

[klaus@localhost 公共]$du -h hello

8.0K hello

[klaus@localhost 公共]$/opt/buildroot-2012.08/arm920t/usr/bin/arm-linux-gcc hello.c -o hello -static

[klaus@localhost 公共]$file hello

hello: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, ARM, version 1 (SYSV), statically linked, not stripped

[klaus@localhost 公共]$du -h hello

60K hello

[klaus@localhost 公共]$/opt/buildroot-2012.08/arm920t/usr/bin/arm-linux-strip hello

[klaus@localhost 公共]$file hello

hello: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, ARM, version 1 (SYSV), statically linked, stripped

[klaus@localhost 公共]$du -h hello

20K hello

[klaus@localhost 公共]$

具體錯誤提示代碼沒有保存下來，如果有遇到可自行百度求解。 ↩