昨天在Redhat6.2(64 bit)上安装oracle 11.2.0.1.0 client(32 bit)，以下是安装中碰到的一些问题及处理过程记录

首先解压缩安装包，会生成一个client目录,运行runInstaller时报错，错误如下:

[oracle@Ptyjkweb oracle]$ ls -l total 627612 drwxr-xr-x. 6 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 19 2009 client -rwxrwxr-x. 1 oracle oinstall 642016988 Jul 7 14:53 linux_11gR2_client.zip drwxrwxr-x. 2 oracle oinstall 16384 Jul 7 11:01 lost+found [oracle@Ptyjkweb oracle]$ cd client/ [oracle@Ptyjkweb client]$ ls -l total 28 drwxr-xr-x. 8 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 17 2009 doc drwxr-xr-x. 4 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 14 2009 install drwxrwxr-x. 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 14 2009 response -rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall 4356 Aug 14 2009 runInstaller drwxr-xr-x. 14 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 14 2009 stage -rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 3891 Aug 18 2009 welcome.html

[oracle@Ptyjkweb client]$ ./runInstaller Starting Oracle Universal Installer...

Checking Temp space: must be greater than 80 MB. Actual 11574 MB Passed Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB. Actual 8191 MB Passed Checking monitor: must be configured to display at least 256 colors. Actual 16777216 Passed Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2015-07-07_02-55-47PM. Please wait ...[oracle@Ptyjkweb client]$ Exception in thread "main" java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: /tmp/OraInstall2015-07-07_02-55-47PM/jdk/jre/lib/i386/xawt/libmawt.so: libXext.so.6: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory at java.lang.ClassLoader$NativeLibrary.load(Native Method) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadLibrary0(ClassLoader.java:1751) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadLibrary(ClassLoader.java:1647) at java.lang.Runtime.load0(Runtime.java:769) at java.lang.System.load(System.java:968) at java.lang.ClassLoader$NativeLibrary.load(Native Method) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadLibrary0(ClassLoader.java:1751) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadLibrary(ClassLoader.java:1668) at java.lang.Runtime.loadLibrary0(Runtime.java:822) at java.lang.System.loadLibrary(System.java:993) at sun.security.action.LoadLibraryAction.run(LoadLibraryAction.java:50) at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method) at java.awt.Toolkit.loadLibraries(Toolkit.java:1509) at java.awt.Toolkit.(Toolkit.java:1530) at com.jgoodies.looks.LookUtils.isLowResolution(Unknown Source) at com.jgoodies.looks.LookUtils.(Unknown Source) at com.jgoodies.looks.plastic.PlasticLookAndFeel.(PlasticLookAndFeel.java:122) at java.lang.Class.forName0(Native Method) at java.lang.Class.forName(Class.java:242) at javax.swing.SwingUtilities.loadSystemClass(SwingUtilities.java:1783) at javax.swing.UIManager.setLookAndFeel(UIManager.java:480) at oracle.install.commons.util.Application.startup(Application.java:758) at oracle.install.commons.flow.FlowApplication.startup(FlowApplication.java:164) at oracle.install.commons.flow.FlowApplication.startup(FlowApplication.java:181) at oracle.install.commons.base.driver.common.Installer.startup(Installer.java:265) at oracle.install.ivw.client.driver.ClientInstaller.startup(ClientInstaller.java:85) at oracle.install.ivw.client.driver.ClientInstaller.main(ClientInstaller.java:95)

[oracle@Ptyjkweb client]$ cd /tmp/OraInstall2015-07-07_04-07-33PM/jdk/jre/lib/i386/xawt [oracle@Ptyjkweb xawt]$ ls -l total 3276 -rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall 3149094 May 6 2009 libmawt_g.so -rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall 200888 May 6 2009 libmawt.so [oracle@Ptyjkweb xawt]$ rpm -qa|grep libXext libXext-devel-1.1-3.el6.x86_64 libXext-1.1-3.el6.x86_64

可以看到libmawt.so是有的，由于操作系统是64位的，之前也装了64位的libXert包，但是仍然报找不到libXext.so.6

[root@Ptyjkweb Packages]# rpm -ivh libXext-1.1-3.el6.i686 Preparing... ########################################### [100%] 1:libXext ########################################### [100%] [root@Ptyjkweb Packages]# rpm -ivh libXext-devel-1.1-3.el6.i686 Preparing... ########################################### [100%] 1:libXext-devel ########################################### [100%]

[oracle@Ptyjkweb ~]# rpm -qa|grep libXext libXext-devel-1.1-3.el6.i686 libXext-devel-1.1-3.el6.x86_64 libXext-1.1-3.el6.x86_64 libXext-1.1-3.el6.i686

最后将32位的libXext包也安装上才得以解决，并顺利进入图形界面

在图形界面中报了一个OS内核设置错误，可以以root运行runfixup.sh脚本自动修复，pdksh-5.2.14这个包可以忽略，Swap Size也可以忽略

[root@Ptyjkweb ~]# /tmp/CVU_11.2.0.1.0_oracle/runfixup.sh Response file being used is :/tmp/CVU_11.2.0.1.0_oracle/fixup.response Enable file being used is :/tmp/CVU_11.2.0.1.0_oracle/fixup.enable Log file location: /tmp/CVU_11.2.0.1.0_oracle/orarun.log Setting Kernel Parameters... kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

然后根据提示执行orainstRoot.sh脚本赋予目录权限

[root@Ptyjkweb ~]# /oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh Changing permissions of /oracle/oraInventory. Adding read,write permissions for group. Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.

Changing groupname of /oracle/oraInventory to oinstall. The execution of the script is complete.

添加环境变量时注意，由于之前安装的是InstantClient模式，所以在ORACLE_HOME中并没有bin目录和lib目录，因此指定PATH的时候是$ORACLE_HOME而不是$ORACLE_HOME/bin,以及LD_LIBRARY_PATH是$ORACLE_HOME，而不是$ORACLE_HOME/lib

[oracle@Ptyjkweb client_1]$ vi ~/.bash_profile

export TMP=/tmp export TMPDIR=/tmp export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/client_1 export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME:$PATH

export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME

[oracle@Ptyjkweb client_1]$ source ~/.bash_profile [oracle@Ptyjkweb client_1]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

sqlplus: error while loading shared libraries: libsqlplus.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

[oracle@Ptyjkweb ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME [oracle@Ptyjkweb client_1]$ ls -l total 145060 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall 21865 Aug 13 2009 adrci drwxr-xr-x. 3 oracle oinstall 4096 Jul 8 09:50 cfgtoollogs drwxr-xr-x. 3 oracle oinstall 4096 Jul 8 09:49 install -rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 37 Jul 8 09:49 install.platform drwxrwx---. 13 oracle oinstall 4096 Jul 8 09:49 inventory -rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 40088477 Aug 13 2009 libclntsh.so.11.1 -rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 11227 Jul 31 2009 libheteroxa11.so -rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 6986848 Aug 2 2009 libnnz11.so -rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 1879549 Aug 13 2009 libocci.so.11.1 -rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 89377610 Aug 13 2009 libociei.so -rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 152304 Jul 31 2009 libocijdbc11.so -rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 1501651 Aug 1 2009 libsqlplusic.so -rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 1218075 Aug 1 2009 libsqlplus.so -rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 777979 Aug 13 2009 libsqora.so.11.1 drwxr-xr-x. 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Jul 8 09:49 light drwxr-xr-x. 3 oracle oinstall 4096 Jul 8 09:49 odbc -rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 1996228 Jul 31 2009 ojdbc5.jar -rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 2111220 Jul 31 2009 ojdbc6.jar -rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 1656280 Aug 2 2009 orai18n.jar -rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 82983 Aug 2 2009 orai18n-mapping.jar -rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 55 Jul 8 09:48 oraInst.loc -rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall 6909 Aug 1 2009 sqlplus -rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall 377507 Aug 13 2009 wrc -rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 37807 Aug 13 2009 xstreams.jar

此处如果提示找不到libsqlplus.so文件，并不是因为缺少包，而是因为没有指定LD_LIBRARY_PATH环境变量，或是指定错了位置(指定到了$ORALCE_HOME/lib下)

[oracle@Ptyjkweb client_1]$ ldd sqlplus linux-gate.so.1 => (0x00322000) libsqlplus.so => not found libclntsh.so.11.1 => not found libnnz11.so => not found libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0x00bd3000) libm.so.6 => /lib/libm.so.6 (0x00147000) libpthread.so.0 => /lib/libpthread.so.0 (0x0021f000) libnsl.so.1 => /lib/libnsl.so.1 (0x00110000) libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x00745000) /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x00476000) libaio.so.1 => not found

此时会发现有4个库文件为“not found”状态，而一旦LD_LIBRARY_PATH环境变量配置正确，上面3个库文件就会链接正常，如下：

[oracle@Ptyjkweb client_1]$ sqlplus / as sysdba sqlplus: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

[oracle@Ptyjkweb logs]$ which sqlplus /oracle/client_1/sqlplus [oracle@Ptyjkweb logs]$ cd /oracle/client_1/ [oracle@Ptyjkweb client_1]$ ldd sqlplus linux-gate.so.1 => (0x00322000) libsqlplus.so => /oracle/client_1/libsqlplus.so (0x003ac000) libclntsh.so.11.1 => /oracle/client_1/libclntsh.so.11.1 (0xf5a23000) libnnz11.so => /oracle/client_1/libnnz11.so (0x004f8000) libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0x00bd3000) libm.so.6 => /lib/libm.so.6 (0x00147000) libpthread.so.0 => /lib/libpthread.so.0 (0x0021f000) libnsl.so.1 => /lib/libnsl.so.1 (0x00110000) libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x00745000) /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x00476000) libaio.so.1 => not found

现在只剩下libio.so.1这个库文件无法正常链接，其实也是因为缺少安装包，目前也仅安装了64位的包

[oracle@Ptyjkweb client_1]$ rpm -qa --queryformat "%{NAME}-%{VERSION}.%{RELEASE} (%{ARCH})n" | grep libaio libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64 libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64

曾尝试直接从别的11g库(64 bit)中将libaio.so.1文件拷贝到/oracle/client_1目录下，执行sqlplus时会报以下错误： sqlplus: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: wrong ELF class: ELFCLASS64

[root@Ptyjkweb Packages]# pwd /mnt/Server/Packages [root@Ptyjkweb Packages]# ls -l |grep libaio -r--r--r--. 201 root root 21664 Aug 17 2010 libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.i686.rpm -r--r--r--. 149 root root 21752 Aug 17 2010 libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64.rpm -r--r--r--. 173 root root 13580 Aug 17 2010 libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.i686.rpm -r--r--r--. 128 root root 13516 Aug 17 2010 libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64.rpm [root@Ptyjkweb Packages]# rpm -ivh libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.i686.rpm Preparing... ########################################### [100%] 1:libaio ########################################### [100%] [root@Ptyjkweb Packages]# rpm -ivh libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.i686.rpm Preparing... ########################################### [100%] 1:libaio-devel ########################################### [100%] [root@Ptyjkweb Packages]# rpm -qa --queryformat "%{NAME}-%{VERSION}.%{RELEASE} (%{ARCH})n" | grep libaio libaio-0.3.107.10.el6 (x86_64) libaio-devel-0.3.107.10.el6 (x86_64) libaio-0.3.107.10.el6 (i686) libaio-devel-0.3.107.10.el6 (i686) [oracle@Ptyjkweb ~]$ ldd `which sqlplus` linux-gate.so.1 => (0x00747000) libsqlplus.so => /oracle/client_1/libsqlplus.so (0x002c0000) libclntsh.so.11.1 => /oracle/client_1/libclntsh.so.11.1 (0xf5a31000) libnnz11.so => /oracle/client_1/libnnz11.so (0x00c35000) libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0x00f51000) libm.so.6 => /lib/libm.so.6 (0x00110000) libpthread.so.0 => /lib/libpthread.so.0 (0x0013a000) libnsl.so.1 => /lib/libnsl.so.1 (0x00a62000) libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x00498000) libaio.so.1 => /lib/libaio.so.1 (0x009b0000) /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x00476000) [oracle@Ptyjkweb client_1]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Jul 8 13:53:30 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.

ERROR: ORA-12162: TNS:net service name is incorrectly specified

Enter user-name:

这是由于还未配置tnsnames.ora，使用/nolog登陆就不会报错

[oracle@Ptyjkweb client_1]$ sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Jul 8 13:56:19 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.

SQL>

至此，Oracle 11g客户端顺利安装完毕，整个过程可以发现，出现的一些问题主要还是由于缺少安装包造成的，当然，环境变量配置不当也是一部分原因。