登录#.#.190.163的服务器，在服务器上配置：

vim /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]

在此添加如下配置，其中163为服务器的ip最后一位

server_id=163

需要复制的数据库名称

binlog-do-db=xxxy

log-bin=xxxy-bin

binlog_cache_size=1M

binlog_format=mixed

expire_logs_days=100

slave_skip_errors=1062

[root@iZ112fail84Z ~]# mysql -uroot -p

Enter password:

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 38

Server version: 5.6.21-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to 'root'@'120.77.##.##' identified by '123456';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

在主数据库上模拟准备需要复制的表；

mysql> create database testpre;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> use testpre;

Database changed

mysql> create table pre (id int,name varchar(20));

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

mysql> insert into pre values (1,'a');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into pre values (2,'b');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from pre;

+------+------+

| id | name |

+------+------+

| 1 | a |

| 2 | b |

+------+------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

为了保证master和slave的数据一致，采用主库备份，从库还原来实现初始数据一致。

先暂时把要复制的表锁定

主数据库上

mysql> insert into pre values (3,'c');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> select * from pre;

+------+------+

| id | name |

+------+------+

| 1 | a |

| 2 | b |

| 3 | c |

+------+------+

3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush tables with read lock;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> insert into pre values (4,'d');

ERROR 1223 (HY000): Can't execute the query because you have a conflicting read lock

进行数据的导出操作

mysql>exit;

Bye

[root@iZ112fail84Z ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p --add-drop-table testpre >/bak/testpre.sql;

Enter password:

[root@iZ112fail84Z bak]# cd /bak/

[root@iZ112fail84Z bak]# ls

bakmysql bakmysqlold shell testpre.sql

[root@iZ112fail84Z bak]# pwd

拷贝主库的的testpre.sql文件到从数据库服务器

修改从slave的mysql配置文件/etc/my.cnf

vim /etc/my.cnf

在[mysqld]中增加

设置server_id,一般设置为ip的最后位

server_id=220

复制过滤：需要备份的数据库

binlog-do-db=xxxy

不需要备份的数据库，一般这2种中只设置一种

binlog-ignore-db=mysql

开启二进制日志，以备slave作为其它slave的master时使用

log-bin=xxxy-slave-bin

为每个session分配内存，

binlog_cache_size=1M

binlog_format=mixed

expire_logs_days=100

slave_skip_errors=1062

relay_log配置中继日志

relay_log=xxxy-relay-bin

log_slave_updates 表示slave将复制事件写进自己的二进制日志

log_slave_updates=1

防止从节点的数据改变

read_only=1

service mysql restart

导入主库上的那个脚本到从库

mysqldump -uroot -p testpre < /bak/testpre.sql

或者使用navicat进行数据传输，保证主库和从库中的testpre库中的数据一致

在从库中执行

[root@izwz95v28cpic4beuk0rk0z ~]# mysql -uroot -p

Enter password:

Welcometo the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 110

Server version: 5.6.21-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> change master to master_host='#.#.190.163',master_user='root',master_password='123456',master_port=3306,master_log_file='xxxy-bin.000001',master_log_pos=30042,master_connect_retry=30;

Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.03 sec)

mysql>

其中master_log_file和master_log_pos的值分别为在主库上的如下：

mysql> show master status;

+-----------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |

+-----------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

| xxxy-bin.000001 | 30042 | xxxy | | |

+-----------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

在从服务器上执行：

mysql> show slave status \G;*************************** 1. row ***************************

Slave_IO_State:

Master_Host: #.#.190.163

Master_User: root

Master_Port: 3306

Connect_Retry: 30

Master_Log_File: xxxy-bin.000001

Read_Master_Log_Pos: 30042

Relay_Log_File: xxxy-relay-bin.000001

Relay_Log_Pos: 4

Relay_Master_Log_File: xxxy-bin.000001

Slave_IO_Running: No

Slave_SQL_Running: No

Replicate_Do_DB:

Replicate_Ignore_DB:

Replicate_Do_Table:

Replicate_Ignore_Table:

Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:

Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:

Last_Errno: 0

Last_Error:

Skip_Counter: 0

Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 30042

Relay_Log_Space: 120

Until_Condition: None

Until_Log_File:

Until_Log_Pos: 0

Master_SSL_Allowed: No

Master_SSL_CA_File:

Master_SSL_CA_Path:

Master_SSL_Cert:

Master_SSL_Cipher:

Master_SSL_Key:

Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL

Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No

Last_IO_Errno: 0

Last_IO_Error:

Last_SQL_Errno: 0

Last_SQL_Error:

Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:

Master_Server_Id: 0

Master_UUID:

Master_Info_File: /var/lib/mysql/master.info

SQL_Delay: 0

SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL

Slave_SQL_Running_State:

Master_Retry_Count: 86400

Master_Bind:

Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:

Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:

Master_SSL_Crl:

Master_SSL_Crlpath:

Retrieved_Gtid_Set:

Executed_Gtid_Set:

Auto_Position: 0

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

ERROR:

No query specified

```来查询从的状态

开启主从复制：

mysql> start slave;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show slave status \G;

***************** 1. row *****************

Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event

Master_Host: #.#.190.163

Master_User: root

Master_Port: 3306

Connect_Retry: 30

Master_Log_File: xxxy-bin.000001

Read_Master_Log_Pos: 30042

Relay_Log_File: xxxy-relay-bin.000002

Relay_Log_Pos: 282

Relay_Master_Log_File: xxxy-bin.000001

Slave_IO_Running: Yes

Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

Replicate_Do_DB:

Replicate_Ignore_DB:

Replicate_Do_Table:

Replicate_Ignore_Table:

Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:

Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:

Last_Errno: 0

Last_Error:

Skip_Counter: 0

Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 30042

Relay_Log_Space: 454

Until_Condition: None

Until_Log_File:

Until_Log_Pos: 0

Master_SSL_Allowed: No

Master_SSL_CA_File:

Master_SSL_CA_Path:

Master_SSL_Cert:

Master_SSL_Cipher:

Master_SSL_Key:

Seconds_Behind_Master: 0

Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No

Last_IO_Errno: 0

Last_IO_Error:

Last_SQL_Errno: 0

Last_SQL_Error:

Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:

Master_Server_Id: 163

Master_UUID: ee963db0-323b-11e7-9fc2-00163e060905

Master_Info_File: /var/lib/mysql/master.info

SQL_Delay: 0

SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL

Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it

Master_Retry_Count: 86400

Master_Bind:

Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:

Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:

Master_SSL_Crl:

Master_SSL_Crlpath:

Retrieved_Gtid_Set:

Executed_Gtid_Set:

Auto_Position: 0

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

ERROR:

No query specified

mysql>

如上：

Slave_IO_Running: Yes

Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

这2个表示主从同步正常，

查询线程状态：

在master上查看slave的i/o线程创建的连接

mysql> show processlist \G;

***************** 1. row *****************

Id: 8

User: root

Host: #.#.190.163:38009

db: xxxy

Command: Sleep

Time: 1159

State:

Info: NULL

测试主从复制是否成功：

之主库中的任意一个表中插入数据后，去从库查看，发现能同步成功了。

测试过程中，如果同步出错，可以在slave上重置主从复制的设置

mysql>reset slave;

mysql>change master to master_host=’#.#.190.163’,master_user=’root’,master_password=’123456’,master_port=3306,master_log_file=’xxxy-bin.000001’,master_log_pos=30042,master_connect_retry=30;

-------------------------------

##mycat主从读写分离

www.mycat.org.cn

mycat的读写分离是基于后端mysql集群的主从同步来实现。mycat的提供语句的分发功能。

[root@iZ112fail84Z ~]# useradd mycat

[root@iZ112fail84Z ~]# passwd mycat

Changing password for user mycat.

New password:

passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

[root@iZ112fail84Z ~]# su mycat

[mycat@iZ112fail84Z root]whoamimycat[mycat@iZ112fail84Zroot] clear

[mycat@iZ112fail84Z root]cd[mycat@iZ112fail84Z] pwd

/home/mycat

[mycat@iZ112fail84Z ~]$ su root

Password:

[root@iZ112fail84Z mycat]# vim /etc/profile

mycat env

export MYCAT_HOME=/usr/local/mycat

export PATH=PATH:MYCAT_HOME/bin

“/etc/profile” 86L, 2060C written

[root@iZ112fail84Z mycat]# source /etc/profile

[root@iZ112fail84Z mycat]# exit

exit

[mycat@iZ112fail84Z ~]whoamimycat[mycat@iZ112fail84Z] pwd

/home/mycat

wget http://dl.mycat.io/1.6-RELEASE/Mycat-server-1.6-RELEASE-20161028204710-linux.tar.gz

–2017-10-16 22:18:42– http://dl.mycat.io/1.6-RELEASE/Mycat-server-1.6-RELEASE-20161028204710-linux.tar.gz

Resolving dl.mycat.io… 210.51.26.184

Connecting to dl.mycat.io|210.51.26.184|:80… connected.

HTTP request sent, awaiting response… 200 OK

Length: 15662280 (15M) [application/octet-stream]

Saving to: “Mycat-server-1.6-RELEASE-20161028204710-linux.tar.gz”

100%[============================================================>] 15,662,280 504K/s in 30s

2017-10-16 22:19:13 (502 KB/s) - “Mycat-server-1.6-RELEASE-20161028204710-linux.tar.gz” saved [15662280/15662280]

tar -zxvf Mycat-server-1.6-RELEASE-20161028204710-linux.tar.gz

$ ls

mycat Mycat-server-1.6-RELEASE-20161028204710-linux.tar.gz

su root

Password:

[root@iZ112fail84Z mycat]# ls

mycat Mycat-server-1.6-RELEASE-20161028204710-linux.tar.gz

[root@iZ112fail84Z mycat]# mv /home/mycat/mycat /usr/local/

[root@iZ112fail84Z mycat]# cd /usr/local/mycat/

[root@iZ112fail84Z mycat]# ls

bin catlet conf lib logs version.txt

[root@iZ112fail84Z mycat]# ll

total 24

drwxrwxr-x 2 mycat mycat 4096 Oct 16 22:21 bin

drwxrwxr-x 2 mycat mycat 4096 Mar 1 2016 catlet

drwxrwxr-x 4 mycat mycat 4096 Oct 16 22:21 conf

drwxrwxr-x 2 mycat mycat 4096 Oct 16 22:21 lib

drwxrwxr-x 2 mycat mycat 4096 Oct 28 2016 logs

-rwxrwxr-x 1 mycat mycat 217 Oct 28 2016 version.txt

mycat的配置说明：

如果主从复制需要复制自定义函数及存储过程，需要在/etc/my.cnf的[mysqld]中添加log_bin_trust_function_creates=true

默认linux版的mysql的大小写不敏感，需要在/etc/my.cnf的[mysqld]中添加lower_case_table_names=1

配置mycat的

[root@iZ112fail84Z conf]# pwd

/usr/local/mycat/conf

mycat的核心配置文件：

schema.xml 用于设置mycat的逻辑库，表，数据节点，datahost等内容

conf目录下主要以下三个需要熟悉。

server.xml是Mycat服务器参数调整和用户授权的配置文件

schema.xml是逻辑库定义和表以及分片定义的配置文件

rule.xml是分片规则的配置文件

vim server.xml

1

启动mycat失败,查看日志

[root@iZ112fail84Z bin]# ./mycat start

Starting Mycat-server...

[root@iZ112fail84Z bin]# tail -200 ../logs/wrapper.log

INFO | jvm 1 | 2017/11/01 19:27:35 | 2017-11-01 19:27:35,781 [ERROR][WrapperSimpleAppMain] 2017-11-01 19:27:35 startup error java.lang.NumberFormatException: Size must be specified as bytes (b), kibibytes (k), mebibytes (m), gibibytes (g), tebibytes (t), or pebibytes(p). E.g. 50b, 100k, or 250m.

INFO | jvm 1 | 2017/11/01 19:27:35 | Failed to parse byte string: -44040192B

vim server.xml添加如下:

0

详见:[错误处理](http://blog.csdn.net/gaojingsong/article/details/53244239)

在启动时还是启动不了,查看日志:

tail -200 ../logs/wrapper.log

提示内存不足

vim /usr/local/mycat/conf/wrapper.conf

wrapper.java.additional.5=-XX:MaxDirectMemorySize=2G

wrapper.java.additional.10=-Xmx4G

wrapper.java.additional.11=-Xms1G

改为：

wrapper.java.additional.5=-XX:MaxDirectMemorySize=100M

wrapper.java.additional.10=-Xmx100M

wrapper.java.additional.11=-Xms100M

其中的2个配置文件内容:

2017-11-02 22:21:16.356 DEBUG [$_NIOREACTOR-0-RW] (io.mycat.server.NonBlockingSession.releaseConnection(NonBlockingSession.java:341)) - release connection MySQLConnection [id=20, lastTime=1509632476341, user=root, schema=xxxy, old shema=xxxy, borrowed=true, fromSlaveDB=false, threadId=10487, charset=utf8, txIsolation=3, autocommit=true, attachment=rc_dn2{insert into cash (userid) values (345)}, respHandler=SingleNodeHandler [node=rc_dn2{insert into cash (userid) values (345)}, packetId=1], host=#.#.190.163, port=3306, statusSync=null, writeQueue=0, modifiedSQLExecuted=true]

注意看：host=#.#.190.163 ，

在进行select，发现查询在另一个ip上

配置mycat状态检查服务

在mycat的服务主机上添加mycat服务的状态监测脚本，并开放相应的监测端口，以提供给HAProxy对mycat的服务状态进行检测判断。可以使用xinetd来实现，通过xinetd，HAProxy可以用httpchk来检测mycat的存活状态。

xinetd:网络守护进程服务程序

[root@izwz95v28cpic4beuk0rk0z etc]# yum install xinetd

[root@izwz95v28cpic4beuk0rk0z etc]# cat /etc/xinetd.conf