oracle16c,Oracle兵器谱上古神器之-KFED
如其名是个比较internal的工具，并不被Oracle官方文档对外支持，算是属于常规兵器谱外的工具。KFED主要用来编辑和修复ASM metadata，可以在DG没有mount的情况下使用，因此在ASM无法启动、DG无法mount的时候可以尝试使用这个利器。
在10G中默认KFED是没有现成可以使用的，但是我们可以手工编译它。
0. 编译KFED
我们可以使用make -f $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib/ins_rdbms.mk ikfed命令来编译它，记得要在lib目录下执行编译：
[oracle@gtser1 ~]$ which kfed
/usr/bin/which: no kfed in (/home/oracle/bin:/u01/oracle/10g/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/ccs/bin:/etc:/bin:/usr/openwin/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin:)
[oracle@gtser1 ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib
[oracle@gtser1 lib]$ make -f ins_rdbms.mk ikfed
Linking KFED utility (kfed)
rm -f /u01/oracle/10g/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/kfed
gcc -o /u01/oracle/10g/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/kfed -L/u01/oracle/10g/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/ -L/u01/oracle/10g/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/ -L/u01/oracle/10g/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/stubs/ /u01/oracle/10g/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/s0main.o /u01/oracle/10g/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/sskfeded.o /u01/oracle/10g/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/skfedpt.o /u01/oracle/10g/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/defopt.o -ldbtools10 -lclntsh `cat /u01/oracle/10g/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/ldflags` -lnsslb10 -lncrypt10 -lnsgr10 -lnzjs10 -ln10 -lnnz10 -lnl10 -lnro10 `cat /u01/oracle/10g/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/ldflags` -lnsslb10 -lncrypt10 -lnsgr10 -lnzjs10 -ln10 -lnnz10 -lnl10 -lclient10 -lnnetd10 -lvsn10 -lcommon10 -lgeneric10 -lmm -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lxml10 -lcore10 -lunls10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lnls10 `cat /u01/oracle/10g/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/ldflags` -lnsslb10 -lncrypt10 -lnsgr10 -lnzjs10 -ln10 -lnnz10 -lnl10 -lnro10 `cat /u01/oracle/10g/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/ldflags` -lnsslb10 -lncrypt10 -lnsgr10 -lnzjs10 -ln10 -lnnz10 -lnl10 -lclient10 -lnnetd10 -lvsn10 -lcommon10 -lgeneric10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lxml10 -lcore10 -lunls10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lnls10 -lclient10 -lnnetd10 -lvsn10 -lcommon10 -lgeneric10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lxml10 -lcore10 -lunls10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lnls10 `cat /u01/oracle/10g/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/sysliblist` -Wl,-rpath,/u01/oracle/10g/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib -lm `cat /u01/oracle/10g/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/sysliblist` -ldl -lm -L/u01/oracle/10g/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib
mv -f /u01/oracle/10g/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/kfed /u01/oracle/10g/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/kfedO
mv /u01/oracle/10g/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/kfed /u01/oracle/10g/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/kfed
chmod 751 /u01/oracle/10g/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/kfed
[oracle@gtser1 lib]$ which kfed
/u01/oracle/10g/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/kfed
这样我们就完成了KFED工具编译，接下来就可以正常使用它了。
1. 使用KFED命令
KFED提供了哪些命令选项呢？我们看下帮助选项就知道了。
[oracle@gtser1 lib]$ kfed -help
as/mlib ASM Library [asmlib='lib']
aun/um AU number to examine or update [AUNUM=number]
aus/z Allocation Unit size in bytes [AUSZ=number]
blkn/um Block number to examine or update [BLKNUM=number]
blks/z Metadata block size in bytes [BLKSZ=number]
ch/ksum Update checksum before each write [CHKSUM=YES/NO]
cn/t Count of AUs to process [CNT=number]
d/ev ASM device to examine or update [DEV=string]
o/p KFED operation type [OP=READ/WRITE/MERGE/REPAIR/NEW/FORM/FIND/STRUCT]
p/rovnm Name for provisioning purposes [PROVNM=string]
s/eek AU number to seek to [SEEK=number]
te/xt File name for translated block text [TEXT=string]
ty/pe ASM metadata block type number [TYPE=number]
2. KFED查看header信息
这个工具可以在ASM没有启动的情况下使用，因此我们就关闭ASM验证下到底可不可以。
[oracle@gtser1 lib]$ export ORACLE_SID=+ASM
[oracle@gtser1 lib]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Sat Mar 2 16:24:14 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> shutdown immediate;
ASM diskgroups dismounted
ASM instance shutdown
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
在10.2.0.5版本之前header信息是没有额外保护的，而且header信息非常容易损坏，好在之后版本做了额外的备份保护，我们后面会描述到。
使用KFED查看header信息：
[oracle@gtser1 lib]$ kfed read /dev/raw/raw1
kfbh.endian: 1 ; 0x000: 0x01
kfbh.hard: 130 ; 0x001: 0x82
kfbh.type: 1 ; 0x002: KFBTYP_DISKHEAD--表示这是HEAD数据信息
kfbh.datfmt: 1 ; 0x003: 0x01
kfbh.block.blk: 0 ; 0x004: T=0 NUMB=0x0
kfbh.block.obj: 2147483648 ; 0x008: TYPE=0x8 NUMB=0x0
kfbh.check: 3544975665 ; 0x00c: 0xd34c0931
kfbh.fcn.base: 48 ; 0x010: 0x00000030
kfbh.fcn.wrap: 0 ; 0x014: 0x00000000
kfbh.spare1: 0 ; 0x018: 0x00000000
kfbh.spare2: 0 ; 0x01c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.provstr: ORCLDISK ; 0x000: length=8
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[0]: 0 ; 0x008: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[1]: 0 ; 0x00c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[2]: 0 ; 0x010: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[3]: 0 ; 0x014: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[4]: 0 ; 0x018: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[5]: 0 ; 0x01c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.compat: 168820736 ; 0x020: 0x0a100000
kfdhdb.dsknum: 0 ; 0x024: 0x0000--disk号
kfdhdb.grptyp: 1 ; 0x026: KFDGTP_EXTERNAL--DG冗余类型
kfdhdb.hdrsts: 3 ; 0x027: KFDHDR_MEMBER--disk status信息
kfdhdb.dskname: DISK1 ; 0x028: length=5--disk name
kfdhdb.grpname: DATA01 ; 0x048: length=6--dg name
kfdhdb.fgname: DISK1 ; 0x068: length=5--fg name
kfdhdb.capname: ; 0x088: length=0
kfdhdb.crestmp.hi: 32983791 ; 0x0a8: HOUR=0xf DAYS=0x17 MNTH=0x2 YEAR=0x7dd
kfdhdb.crestmp.lo: 2630343680 ; 0x0ac: USEC=0x0 MSEC=0x1f7 SECS=0xc MINS=0x27
kfdhdb.mntstmp.hi: 32984143 ; 0x0b0: HOUR=0xf DAYS=0x2 MNTH=0x3 YEAR=0x7dd
kfdhdb.mntstmp.lo: 1001101312 ; 0x0b4: USEC=0x0 MSEC=0x2e6 SECS=0x3a MINS=0xe
kfdhdb.secsize: 512 ; 0x0b8: 0x0200--sector size
kfdhdb.blksize: 4096 ; 0x0ba: 0x1000--block size
kfdhdb.ausize: 1048576 ; 0x0bc: 0x00100000--allocation size AU
kfdhdb.mfact: 113792 ; 0x0c0: 0x0001bc80
kfdhdb.dsksize: 1024 ; 0x0c4: 0x00000400--disk size
kfdhdb.pmcnt: 2 ; 0x0c8: 0x00000002
kfdhdb.fstlocn: 1 ; 0x0cc: 0x00000001
kfdhdb.altlocn: 2 ; 0x0d0: 0x00000002
kfdhdb.f1b1locn: 2 ; 0x0d4: 0x00000002
kfdhdb.redomirrors[0]: 0 ; 0x0d8: 0x0000
kfdhdb.redomirrors[1]: 65535 ; 0x0da: 0xffff
kfdhdb.redomirrors[2]: 65535 ; 0x0dc: 0xffff
kfdhdb.redomirrors[3]: 65535 ; 0x0de: 0xffff
kfdhdb.dbcompat: 168820736 ; 0x0e0: 0x0a100000
kfdhdb.grpstmp.hi: 32983791 ; 0x0e4: HOUR=0xf DAYS=0x17 MNTH=0x2 YEAR=0x7dd
kfdhdb.grpstmp.lo: 2630330368 ; 0x0e8: USEC=0x0 MSEC=0x1ea SECS=0xc MINS=0x27
kfdhdb.ub4spare[0]: 0 ; 0x0ec: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[1]: 0 ; 0x0f0: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[2]: 0 ; 0x0f4: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[3]: 0 ; 0x0f8: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[4]: 0 ; 0x0fc: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[5]: 0 ; 0x100: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[6]: 0 ; 0x104: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[7]: 0 ; 0x108: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[8]: 0 ; 0x10c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[9]: 0 ; 0x110: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[10]: 0 ; 0x114: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[11]: 0 ; 0x118: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[12]: 0 ; 0x11c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[13]: 0 ; 0x120: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[14]: 0 ; 0x124: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[15]: 0 ; 0x128: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[16]: 0 ; 0x12c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[17]: 0 ; 0x130: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[18]: 0 ; 0x134: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[19]: 0 ; 0x138: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[20]: 0 ; 0x13c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[21]: 0 ; 0x140: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[22]: 0 ; 0x144: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[23]: 0 ; 0x148: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[24]: 0 ; 0x14c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[25]: 0 ; 0x150: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[26]: 0 ; 0x154: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[27]: 0 ; 0x158: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[28]: 0 ; 0x15c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[29]: 0 ; 0x160: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[30]: 0 ; 0x164: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[31]: 0 ; 0x168: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[32]: 0 ; 0x16c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[33]: 0 ; 0x170: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[34]: 0 ; 0x174: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[35]: 0 ; 0x178: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[36]: 0 ; 0x17c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[37]: 0 ; 0x180: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[38]: 0 ; 0x184: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[39]: 0 ; 0x188: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[40]: 0 ; 0x18c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[41]: 0 ; 0x190: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[42]: 0 ; 0x194: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[43]: 0 ; 0x198: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[44]: 0 ; 0x19c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[45]: 0 ; 0x1a0: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[46]: 0 ; 0x1a4: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[47]: 0 ; 0x1a8: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[48]: 0 ; 0x1ac: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[49]: 0 ; 0x1b0: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[50]: 0 ; 0x1b4: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[51]: 0 ; 0x1b8: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[52]: 0 ; 0x1bc: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[53]: 0 ; 0x1c0: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[54]: 0 ; 0x1c4: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[55]: 0 ; 0x1c8: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[56]: 0 ; 0x1cc: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[57]: 0 ; 0x1d0: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.acdb.aba.seq: 0 ; 0x1d4: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.acdb.aba.blk: 0 ; 0x1d8: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.acdb.ents: 0 ; 0x1dc: 0x0000
kfdhdb.acdb.ub2spare: 0 ; 0x1de: 0x0000
上面我们说到从10.2.0.5开始之后的版本header信息是有额外保护和备份的，那么是备份在哪个位置呢？也是在disk的特定位置，这对au=1MB的dg，备份信息是在第510blkn的位置，我们可以看下位置510的信息：
[oracle@gtser1 lib]$ kfed read /dev/raw/raw1 blkn=510 | grep kfbh.type
kfbh.type: 1 ; 0x002: KFBTYP_DISKHEAD
果不其然，510确实也是HEAD信息，我们把它读出来：
[oracle@gtser1 lib]$ kfed read /dev/raw/raw1 blkn=510
kfbh.endian: 1 ; 0x000: 0x01
kfbh.hard: 130 ; 0x001: 0x82
kfbh.type: 1 ; 0x002: KFBTYP_DISKHEAD
kfbh.datfmt: 1 ; 0x003: 0x01
kfbh.block.blk: 0 ; 0x004: T=0 NUMB=0x0
kfbh.block.obj: 2147483648 ; 0x008: TYPE=0x8 NUMB=0x0
kfbh.check: 2487934254 ; 0x00c: 0x944add2e
kfbh.fcn.base: 48 ; 0x010: 0x00000030
kfbh.fcn.wrap: 0 ; 0x014: 0x00000000
kfbh.spare1: 0 ; 0x018: 0x00000000
kfbh.spare2: 0 ; 0x01c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.provstr: ORCLDISK ; 0x000: length=8
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[0]: 0 ; 0x008: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[1]: 0 ; 0x00c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[2]: 0 ; 0x010: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[3]: 0 ; 0x014: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[4]: 0 ; 0x018: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[5]: 0 ; 0x01c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.compat: 168820736 ; 0x020: 0x0a100000
kfdhdb.dsknum: 0 ; 0x024: 0x0000
kfdhdb.grptyp: 1 ; 0x026: KFDGTP_EXTERNAL
kfdhdb.hdrsts: 3 ; 0x027: KFDHDR_MEMBER
kfdhdb.dskname: DISK1 ; 0x028: length=5
kfdhdb.grpname: DATA01 ; 0x048: length=6
kfdhdb.fgname: DISK1 ; 0x068: length=5
kfdhdb.capname: ; 0x088: length=0
kfdhdb.crestmp.hi: 32983791 ; 0x0a8: HOUR=0xf DAYS=0x17 MNTH=0x2 YEAR=0x7dd
kfdhdb.crestmp.lo: 2630343680 ; 0x0ac: USEC=0x0 MSEC=0x1f7 SECS=0xc MINS=0x27
kfdhdb.mntstmp.hi: 32984144 ; 0x0b0: HOUR=0x10 DAYS=0x2 MNTH=0x3 YEAR=0x7dd
kfdhdb.mntstmp.lo: 2091731968 ; 0x0b4: USEC=0x0 MSEC=0x353 SECS=0xa MINS=0x1f
kfdhdb.secsize: 512 ; 0x0b8: 0x0200
kfdhdb.blksize: 4096 ; 0x0ba: 0x1000
kfdhdb.ausize: 1048576 ; 0x0bc: 0x00100000
kfdhdb.mfact: 113792 ; 0x0c0: 0x0001bc80
kfdhdb.dsksize: 1024 ; 0x0c4: 0x00000400
kfdhdb.pmcnt: 2 ; 0x0c8: 0x00000002
kfdhdb.fstlocn: 1 ; 0x0cc: 0x00000001
kfdhdb.altlocn: 2 ; 0x0d0: 0x00000002
kfdhdb.f1b1locn: 2 ; 0x0d4: 0x00000002
kfdhdb.redomirrors[0]: 0 ; 0x0d8: 0x0000
kfdhdb.redomirrors[1]: 65535 ; 0x0da: 0xffff
kfdhdb.redomirrors[2]: 65535 ; 0x0dc: 0xffff
kfdhdb.redomirrors[3]: 65535 ; 0x0de: 0xffff
kfdhdb.dbcompat: 168820736 ; 0x0e0: 0x0a100000
kfdhdb.grpstmp.hi: 32983791 ; 0x0e4: HOUR=0xf DAYS=0x17 MNTH=0x2 YEAR=0x7dd
kfdhdb.grpstmp.lo: 2630330368 ; 0x0e8: USEC=0x0 MSEC=0x1ea SECS=0xc MINS=0x27
kfdhdb.ub4spare[0]: 0 ; 0x0ec: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[1]: 0 ; 0x0f0: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[2]: 0 ; 0x0f4: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[3]: 0 ; 0x0f8: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[4]: 0 ; 0x0fc: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[5]: 0 ; 0x100: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[6]: 0 ; 0x104: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[7]: 0 ; 0x108: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[8]: 0 ; 0x10c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[9]: 0 ; 0x110: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[10]: 0 ; 0x114: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[11]: 0 ; 0x118: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[12]: 0 ; 0x11c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[13]: 0 ; 0x120: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[14]: 0 ; 0x124: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[15]: 0 ; 0x128: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[16]: 0 ; 0x12c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[17]: 0 ; 0x130: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[18]: 0 ; 0x134: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[19]: 0 ; 0x138: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[20]: 0 ; 0x13c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[21]: 0 ; 0x140: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[22]: 0 ; 0x144: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[23]: 0 ; 0x148: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[24]: 0 ; 0x14c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[25]: 0 ; 0x150: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[26]: 0 ; 0x154: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[27]: 0 ; 0x158: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[28]: 0 ; 0x15c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[29]: 0 ; 0x160: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[30]: 0 ; 0x164: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[31]: 0 ; 0x168: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[32]: 0 ; 0x16c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[33]: 0 ; 0x170: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[34]: 0 ; 0x174: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[35]: 0 ; 0x178: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[36]: 0 ; 0x17c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[37]: 0 ; 0x180: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[38]: 0 ; 0x184: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[39]: 0 ; 0x188: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[40]: 0 ; 0x18c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[41]: 0 ; 0x190: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[42]: 0 ; 0x194: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[43]: 0 ; 0x198: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[44]: 0 ; 0x19c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[45]: 0 ; 0x1a0: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[46]: 0 ; 0x1a4: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[47]: 0 ; 0x1a8: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[48]: 0 ; 0x1ac: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[49]: 0 ; 0x1b0: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[50]: 0 ; 0x1b4: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[51]: 0 ; 0x1b8: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[52]: 0 ; 0x1bc: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[53]: 0 ; 0x1c0: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[54]: 0 ; 0x1c4: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[55]: 0 ; 0x1c8: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[56]: 0 ; 0x1cc: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[57]: 0 ; 0x1d0: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.acdb.aba.seq: 0 ; 0x1d4: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.acdb.aba.blk: 0 ; 0x1d8: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.acdb.ents: 0 ; 0x1dc: 0x0000
kfdhdb.acdb.ub2spare: 0 ; 0x1de: 0x0000
通过对比我们可以发现这两者的内容是一摸一样的。那么我们可以做个试验，就是把0位置的信息破坏掉，然后用510位置的信息进行还原，看看是否可以成功还原DISK。
3. KFED备份header信息
为了安全，我们在使用KFED之前还是停掉ASM针对设备做个物理备份。
[oracle@gtser1 lib]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Sat Mar 2 16:40:05 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> shutdown immediate;
ASM diskgroups dismounted
ASM instance shutdown
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@gtser1 lib]$ dd if=/dev/raw/raw1 of=/tmp/raw1 bs=4096 count=1
1+0 records in
1+0 records out
4096 bytes (4.1 kB) copied, 0.000461594 seconds, 8.9 MB/s
好了，接下来启动ASM进行在线KFED备份，KFED支持在线编辑，虽然10.2.0.5支持header的自动备份和快捷修复(我们也会演示到)，但是我们想通过510的信息来恢复0的信息以还原DISK。
[oracle@gtser1 lib]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Sat Mar 2 16:44:51 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup
ASM instance started
Total System Global Area 125829120 bytes
Fixed Size 2094512 bytes
Variable Size 98568784 bytes
ASM Cache 25165824 bytes
ASM diskgroups mounted
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@gtser1 lib]$ asmcmd lsdg
State Type Rebal Unbal Sector Block AU Total_MB Free_MB Req_mir_free_MB Usable_file_MB Offline_disks Name
MOUNTED EXTERN N N 512 4096 1048576 2048 928 0 928 0 DATA01/
MOUNTED EXTERN N N 512 4096 1048576 2048 1964 0 1964 0 FRA/
[oracle@gtser1 lib]$ kfed read /dev/raw/raw1 te=/tmp/raw1.head
[oracle@gtser1 lib]$ kfed read /dev/raw/raw1 blkn=510 te=/tmp/raw1.head.bak
接下来我们人为的破坏disk的内容：
[oracle@gtser1 lib]$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/raw/raw1 bs=4096 count=1
1+0 records in
1+0 records out
4096 bytes (4.1 kB) copied, 0.000424761 seconds, 9.6 MB/s
[oracle@gtser1 lib]$ kfed read /dev/raw/raw1 te=/tmp/raw1.head.bad
[oracle@gtser1 lib]$ cat /tmp/raw1.head.bad
kfbh.endian: 0 ; 0x000: 0x00
kfbh.hard: 0 ; 0x001: 0x00
kfbh.type: 0 ; 0x002: KFBTYP_INVALID
kfbh.datfmt: 0 ; 0x003: 0x00
kfbh.block.blk: 0 ; 0x004: T=0 NUMB=0x0
kfbh.block.obj: 0 ; 0x008: TYPE=0x0 NUMB=0x0
kfbh.check: 0 ; 0x00c: 0x00000000
kfbh.fcn.base: 0 ; 0x010: 0x00000000
kfbh.fcn.wrap: 0 ; 0x014: 0x00000000
kfbh.spare1: 0 ; 0x018: 0x00000000
kfbh.spare2: 0 ; 0x01c: 0x00000000
然后启动ASM：
[oracle@gtser1 lib]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Sat Mar 2 17:08:20 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup
ASM instance started
Total System Global Area 125829120 bytes
Fixed Size 2094512 bytes
Variable Size 98568784 bytes
ASM Cache 25165824 bytes
ORA-15032: not all alterations performed
ORA-15063: ASM discovered an insufficient number of disks for diskgroup
"DATA01"
SQL>
正如预期的DG data01 mount失败，我们也可以在alter日志看到：
Sat Mar 02 17:08:28 CST 2013
SQL> ALTER DISKGROUP ALL MOUNT
Sat Mar 02 17:08:28 CST 2013
NOTE: cache registered group DATA01 number=1 incarn=0x7af2d794
NOTE: cache registered group FRA number=2 incarn=0x7b02d795
Sat Mar 02 17:08:28 CST 2013
ERROR: no PST quorum in group 1: required 1, found 0
Sat Mar 02 17:08:28 CST 2013
NOTE: cache dismounting group 1/0x7AF2D794 (DATA01)
NOTE: dbwr not being msg'd to dismount
ERROR: diskgroup DATA01 was not mounted
Sat Mar 02 17:08:28 CST 2013
NOTE: Hbeat: instance first (grp 2)
Sat Mar 02 17:08:33 CST 2013
NOTE: start heartbeating (grp 2)
NOTE: cache opening disk 0 of grp 2: D3 path:/dev/raw/raw3
Sat Mar 02 17:08:33 CST 2013
NOTE: F1X0 found on disk 0 fcn 0.0
NOTE: cache opening disk 1 of grp 2: D4 path:/dev/raw/raw4
NOTE: cache mounting (first) group 2/0x7B02D795 (FRA)
NOTE: cache recovered group 2 to fcn 0.3474
Sat Mar 02 17:08:33 CST 2013
NOTE: LGWR attempting to mount thread 1 for disk group 2
NOTE: LGWR mounted thread 1 for disk group 2
NOTE: opening chunk 1 at fcn 0.3474 ABA
NOTE: seq=18 blk=796
Sat Mar 02 17:08:33 CST 2013
NOTE: cache mounting group 2/0x7B02D795 (FRA) succeeded
SUCCESS: diskgroup FRA was mounted
Sat Mar 02 17:08:34 CST 2013
NOTE: recovering COD for group 2/0x7b02d795 (FRA)
SUCCESS: completed COD recovery for group 2/0x7b02d795 (FRA)
显示的也是磁盘组data01无法mount，通过asmcmd查看也是如此：
[oracle@gtser1 lib]$ asmcmd lsdg
State Type Rebal Unbal Sector Block AU Total_MB Free_MB Req_mir_free_MB Usable_file_MB Offline_disks Name
DISMOUNTED N N 512 4096 1048576 0 0 0 0 0 DATA01/
MOUNTED EXTERN N N 512 4096 1048576 2048 1964 0 1964 0 FRA/
4. KFED恢复header信息
接下来我们就用510位置的备份还原：
[oracle@gtser1 lib]$ kfed write /dev/raw/raw1 te=/tmp/raw1.head.bak
[oracle@gtser1 lib]$ kfed read /dev/raw/raw1 te=/tmp/raw1.head.new
[oracle@gtser1 lib]$ cat /tmp/raw1.head.new|grep kfbh.type
kfbh.type: 1 ; 0x002: KFBTYP_DISKHEAD
[oracle@gtser1 lib]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Sat Mar 2 17:12:58 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> startup force;
ASM instance started
Total System Global Area 125829120 bytes
Fixed Size 2094512 bytes
Variable Size 98568784 bytes
ASM Cache 25165824 bytes
ASM diskgroups mounted
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@gtser1 lib]$ asmcmd lsdg
State Type Rebal Unbal Sector Block AU Total_MB Free_MB Req_mir_free_MB Usable_file_MB Offline_disks Name
MOUNTED EXTERN N N 512 4096 1048576 2048 928 0 928 0 DATA01/
MOUNTED EXTERN N N 512 4096 1048576 2048 1964 0 1964 0 FRA/
OK，一切正常，恢复成功了。
5. KFED修复header信息
[oracle@gtser1 ~]$ kfed read /dev/raw/raw2 te=/tmp/raw2.head
[oracle@gtser1 ~]$ dd if=/dev/raw/raw2 of=/tmp/raw2head bs=4096 count=1
1+0 records in
1+0 records out
4096 bytes (4.1 kB) copied, 0.000448689 seconds, 9.1 MB/s
[oracle@gtser1 ~]$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/raw/raw2 bs=4096 count=1
1+0 records in
1+0 records out
4096 bytes (4.1 kB) copied, 0.000238479 seconds, 17.2 MB/s
[oracle@gtser1 ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Sat Mar 2 22:32:11 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> startup force;
ASM instance started
Total System Global Area 125829120 bytes
Fixed Size 2094512 bytes
Variable Size 98568784 bytes
ASM Cache 25165824 bytes
ORA-15032: not all alterations performed
ORA-15040: diskgroup is incomplete
ORA-15042: ASM disk "1" is missing
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@gtser1 ~]$ asmcmd lsdg
State Type Rebal Unbal Sector Block AU Total_MB Free_MB Req_mir_free_MB Usable_file_MB Offline_disks Name
DISMOUNTED N N 512 4096 1048576 0 0 0 0 0 DATA01/
MOUNTED EXTERN N N 512 4096 1048576 2048 1964 0 1964 0 FRA/
[oracle@gtser1 ~]$ kfed repair /dev/raw/raw2
[oracle@gtser1 ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Sat Mar 2 22:34:34 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> startup force;
ASM instance started
Total System Global Area 125829120 bytes
Fixed Size 2094512 bytes
Variable Size 98568784 bytes
ASM Cache 25165824 bytes
ASM diskgroups mounted
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@gtser1 ~]$ asmcmd lsdg
State Type Rebal Unbal Sector Block AU Total_MB Free_MB Req_mir_free_MB Usable_file_MB Offline_disks Name
MOUNTED EXTERN N N 512 4096 1048576 2048 928 0 928 0 DATA01/
MOUNTED EXTERN N N 512 4096 1048576 2048 1964 0 1964 0 FRA/
-The End-
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