rvm的安装, 使用rvm, 安装ruby, 以及gem的使用 (转)

http://blog.163.com/digoal@126/blog/static/1638770402012425111617904/

rvm 全称Ruby Version Manager, 确实是一个非常好用的ruby版本管理以及安装工具.

下面介绍一下rvm的安装, 使用rvm, 安装ruby, 以及gem的使用.

一、安装rvm

官方网站上介绍得很简单, 但是使用官方网站安装会出现问题, SSL的问题. 所以我分两步进行, 第一步下载安装脚本. 第二步修改安装脚本. 第三步安装.

以下介绍的是使用root用户在CentOS中安装rvm的过程.

1. 下载脚本到ins文件中. 注意使用了curl的-k选项, 因为地址是https的. 不加-k会报异常.

[root@db-172-16-3-33~]# curl -k https://raw.github.com/wayneeseguin/rvm/master/binscripts/rvm-installer >./ins

2. 修改ins脚本中的curl都加上-k否则会无法使用.

vi ins

需要修改两处curl.

curl -sk https://api.github.com/repos/wayneeseguin/rvm/tags

if curl -kL ${_url} -o ${rvm_archives_path}/${_file}

3. 使用修改后的ins脚本安装rvm

[root@db-172-16-3-33~]# cat ins|bash -s stable

输出结果 :

Downloading RVM from wayneeseguin branch stable

% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current

Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed

100 1023k 100 1023k 0 0 173k 0 0:00:05 0:00:05 --:--:-- 383k

Installing RVM to /usr/local/rvm/

Creating RVM system user group'rvm'

# RVM: Shell scripts enabling management of multiple ruby environments.

# RTFM: https://rvm.io/

# HELP: http://webchat.freenode.net/?channels=rvm (#rvm on irc.freenode.net)

# Cheatsheet: http://cheat.errtheblog.com/s/rvm/

# Screencast: http://screencasts.org/episodes/how-to-use-rvm

# In case of any issues read output of 'rvm requirements' and/or 'rvm notes'

Installation of RVM in/usr/local/rvm/is almost complete:

*First you need to add all users that will be using rvm to 'rvm'group,

and logout - login again, anyone using rvm will be operating with`umask g+w`.

*To start using RVM you need to run `source /etc/profile.d/rvm.sh`

in all your open shell windows,in rare cases you need to reopen all shell windows.

# root,

# Thank you for using RVM!

# I sincerely hope that RVM helps to make your life easier and more enjoyable!!!

# ~Wayne

4. 修改root 下的环境变量

vi ~/.bash_profile

export PATH=/usr/local/rvm/bin:/opt/git1.7.10.2/bin:$PATH

更新环境变量.

.~/.bash_profile

这里就安装完rvm了

二、rvm的使用, 简单的介绍一下

[root@db5 ~]# rvm list help

Usage:

rvm list [action]

Actions:

{help,known,gemsets,default[string],rubies,strings,known_strings,ruby_svn_tags}

1. 列出rvm管理的软件及版本

[root@db5 ~]# rvm list known

# MRI Rubies

[ruby-]1.8.6[-p420]

[ruby-]1.8.7[-p358]

[ruby-]1.8.7-head

[ruby-]1.9.1[-p431]

[ruby-]1.9.2-p180

[ruby-]1.9.2-p290

[ruby-]1.9.2-p318

[ruby-]1.9.2[-p320]

[ruby-]1.9.2-head

[ruby-]1.9.3-preview1

[ruby-]1.9.3-rc1

[ruby-]1.9.3-p0

[ruby-]1.9.3-p125

[ruby-]1.9.3-[p194]

[ruby-]1.9.3-head

ruby-head

# GoRuby

goruby

# TheCodeShop - MRI experimental patches

tcs

# JRuby

jruby-1.2.0

jruby-1.3.1

jruby-1.4.0

jruby-1.6.5

jruby-1.6.5.1

jruby-1.6.6

jruby-1.6.7

jruby[-1.6.7.2]

jruby-head

jruby-1.7.0.preview1

# Rubinius

rbx-1.0.1

rbx-1.1.1

rbx-1.2.3

rbx-1.2.4

rbx[-head]

rbx-2.0.testing

# Ruby Enterprise Edition

ree-1.8.6

ree[-1.8.7][-2012.02]

# Kiji

kiji

# MagLev

maglev[-head]

maglev-1.0.0

# Mac OS X Snow Leopard Or Newer

macruby[-0.10]

macruby-nightly

macruby-head

# IronRuby -- Not implemented yet.

ironruby-0.9.3

ironruby-1.0-rc2

ironruby-head

三、使用RVM安装ruby

从上面的输出我们能看到rvm管理的ruby版本中包含了当前的稳定版1.9.3-p194, 接下来就安装这个版本.

但是注意, 使用rvm安装的话需要联网, 怎么办呢? 可以不联网吗? 可能不可以, 因为要获得依赖关系什么的, 但是可以提前下载好安装包房到archives目录下, 这样可以省去下载包的过程.

1. 联网安装

[root@db5 ~]# rvm install ruby-1.9.3-p194

输出

Fetching yaml-0.1.4.tar.gz to /usr/local/rvm/archives

% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current

Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed

100 460k 100 460k 0 0 91728 0 0:00:05 0:00:05 --:--:-- 190k

Extracting yaml-0.1.4.tar.gz to /usr/local/rvm/src

Prepare yaml in /usr/local/rvm/src/yaml-0.1.4.

Configuring yaml in /usr/local/rvm/src/yaml-0.1.4.

Compiling yaml in /usr/local/rvm/src/yaml-0.1.4.

Installing yaml to /usr/local/rvm/usr

Installing Ruby from source to: /usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p194, this may take a while depending on your cpu(s)...

ruby-1.9.3-p194 -#fetching

ruby-1.9.3-p194 - #downloading ruby-1.9.3-p194, this may take a while depending on your connection...

% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current

Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed

.... 略

到安装rubygems的时候会出错, 无法获取版本号. 所以需要手工安装rubygems.

-- 下载rubygems错误,貌似版本信息没有获取到.

Retrieving rubygems-

% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current

Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 0

curl: (22) The requested URL returned error: 404

The requested url does not exist: 'http://production.cf.rubygems.org/rubygems/rubygems-.tgz'

Trying ftp:// URL instead.

CTRL+C退出

-- 手动安装rubygems, 见第3步

2. 下载好包后放到archives目录下再安装

如果下载太慢, 也可以先下载好yaml-0.1.4.tar.gz, ruby-1.9.3-p194.tar.bz2 放在/usr/local/rvm/archives下面

然后执行

rvm install ruby-1.9.3-p194

3. 安装rubygems

下载rubygems安装包.

wget http://production.cf.rubygems.org/rubygems/rubygems-1.8.24.tgz

解压

tar -zxvf rubygems-1.8.24.tgz

放到一个目录, （可选）

mv rubygems-1.8.24/usr/local/rvm/src/

cd /usr/local/rvm/src/rubygems-1.8.24

--由于是rvm管理的ruby环境,所以在安装rubygems前,先转到对应的ruby 环境,--default表示设置为默认的ruby环境

[root@db-172-16-3-33 rubygems-1.8.24]# rvm use ruby-1.9.3-p194 --default

Using /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194

干了什么呢? 弄了个软链接.

[root@db5 rubies]# pwd /usr/local/rvm/rubies [root@db5 rubies]# ll total 4.0K lrwxrwxrwx 1 root rvm 37May2510:47default->/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p194 drwxr-xr-x 6 root rvm 4.0KMay2511:34 ruby-1.9.3-p194

--安装rubygems

[root@db-172-16-3-33 rubygems-1.8.24]# ruby setup.rb

输出结果

RubyGems 1.8.24 installed

==1.8.24/2012-04-27

*1 bug fix:

*Install the .pem files properly.Fixes#320

* Remove OpenSSL dependency from the http code path

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

RubyGems installed the following executables:

/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p194/bin/gem

4. 列出当前rvm管理的软件

[root@db5 ruby-1.9.3-p194]# rvm list

rvm rubies

=*/usr/local/rvm/scripts/list: line 294:/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p194/config:No such file or directory

ruby-1.9.3-p194 [ ]

# => - current

# =* - current && default

# * - default

5. 重新安装

rvm reinstall ruby-1.9.3-p194

6. 移除已安装的软件

rvm remove ruby-1.9.3-p194

四、gem的使用介绍

1. 源管理,添加淘宝源

[root@db5 soft_bak]# gem source --add 'http://ruby.taobao.org/'

http://ruby.taobao.org/ added to sources

[root@db5 soft_bak]# gem source -l

*** CURRENT SOURCES ***

http://rubygems.org/

http://ruby.taobao.org/

2. 更新源cache

[root@db5 soft_bak]# gem source -u

source cache successfully updated

3. 查看源里有哪些软件

gem query -r -a

--也可使用规则表达式

[root@db5 soft_bak]# gem query -r -n 'redis'

*** REMOTE GEMS ***

active-redis (0.1.0 ruby)

adapter-redis (0.5.1 ruby)

bayes_on_redis (0.2.2 ruby)

bayes_on_redis_internal (0.0.1 ruby)

cache-machine-redis (0.0.1 ruby)

cs-em-hiredis (0.1.2 ruby)

datalogger-redis (0.0.2 ruby)

datastore_redis (0.0.8 ruby)

dm-redis-adapter (0.6.2 ruby)

dsander-redis (1.0.6 ruby)

dsander-redis-store (0.3.8 ruby)

easyredis (0.0.6 ruby)

em-hiredis (0.1.1 ruby)

em-redis (0.3.0 ruby)

em-redislite (0.2.2 ruby)

eventmachine-redis (0.1.3 ruby)

extraloop-redis-storage (0.0.12 ruby)

eycloud-recipe-redis (0.2.0 ruby)

fakeredis (0.3.1 ruby)

faye-redis (0.1.0 ruby)

feedzirra-redis (0.1.1 ruby)

fluent-plugin-redis (0.2.0 ruby)

goncalossilva_redis-session-store (0.1.8.1 ruby)

guard-redis (0.1.0 ruby)

hiera-redis (0.1.3 ruby)

hiera-redis-backend (0.0.1 ruby)

hiredis (0.4.5 ruby java java)

honkster-redis-store (0.3.16 ruby)

i18n_redis (0.0.2 ruby)

integration_test_redis (0.0.2 ruby)

jashmenn-redis-lock(0.1.1 ruby)

joffice_redis (0.1.1 ruby)

kali-redis (0.1.1 ruby)

mlanett-redis-lock(0.1.1 ruby)

mock_redis (0.4.1 ruby)

namespaced_redis (1.0.2 ruby)

newrelic-redis (1.3.2 ruby)

nono-redis-store (1.0.0 ruby)

opengotham_redis-namespace(0.4.4 ruby)

openid-redis-store (0.0.2 ruby)

orm-redis (0.0.0 ruby)

qu-redis (0.1.4 ruby)

rack-session-redis (0.0.3 ruby)

rails3-redis-session-store (0.3.0 ruby)

rails_redis_cache (0.2.0 ruby)

redis (3.0.0 ruby)

redis-actionpack (3.2.3 ruby)

redis-activesupport (3.2.3 ruby)

redis-aid (0.1.0 ruby)

redis-cache (1.0.1 ruby)

redis-classy (1.0.2 ruby)

redis-column (0.0.3 ruby)

redis-connection-ssl (0.0.1 ruby)

redis-connection-universal (0.0.1 ruby)

redis-diff_match_patch (1.1.1 ruby)

redis-dump(0.3.2 ruby)

redis-expiring-set(0.1.2 ruby)

redis-expiring_counter (1.0.0.0 ruby)

redis-friendships (0.2 ruby)

redis-health (0.0.1 ruby)

redis-i18n (0.6.0 ruby)

redis-load (0.2 ruby)

redis-lock(0.1.0 ruby)

redis-messages (0.1 ruby)

redis-mmm (0.1.1 ruby)

redis-model (0.1.3 ruby)

redis-model-extension (0.3.3 ruby)

redis-mutex (1.2.3 ruby)

redis-namespace(1.1.0 ruby)

redis-native_hash (0.2.1 ruby)

redis-objective (0.1.0 ruby)

redis-objects (0.5.2 ruby)

redis-orm (0.0.4 ruby)

redis-persistence (0.0.7 ruby)

redis-rack (1.4.1 ruby)

redis-rack-cache (1.2 ruby)

redis-rails (3.2.3 ruby)

redis-repeater (0.2.6 ruby)

redis-retry(0.1.0 ruby)

redis-roc (0.5.3 ruby)

redis-scheduler (0.4 ruby)

redis-scripted (0.0.3 ruby)

redis-search (0.8.0 ruby)

redis-semaphore (0.1.1 ruby)

redis-server (0.0.5 ruby)

redis-session-store (0.1.9 ruby)

redis-settings (0.2.1 ruby)

redis-sinatra (1.3.2 ruby)

redis-slave (0.0.3 ruby)

redis-spawn (0.0.5 ruby)

redis-store (1.1.0 ruby)

redis-structured-multi (0.0.2 ruby)

redis-textsearch (0.2.0 ruby)

redis-timeline (0.1.6 ruby)

redis-types (0.1.7 ruby)

redis-ui (0.1.3 ruby)

redis2-session-store (0.0.3 ruby)

redis_autocomplete (0.1.4 ruby)

redis_buddy (1.0.0 ruby)

redis_cache (0.0.1 ruby)

redis_cache_mailer_delivery (0.0.6 ruby)

redis_directory (1.0.4 ruby)

redis_failover (0.8.3 ruby)

redis_feature_control (0.0.2 ruby)

redis_feed (0.0.1 ruby)

redis_geo (0.0.0 ruby)

redis_knock (0.0.2 ruby)

redis_logger (0.1.0 ruby)

redis_master_slave (0.0.1 ruby)

redis_on_heroku (0.0.1 ruby)

redis_orm (0.6.2 ruby)

redis_props (0.3 ruby)

redis_record (0.0.1 ruby)

redis_resque_initializer (0.0.1 ruby)

redis_ring (0.1.3 ruby)

redis_ring_client (0.1.2 ruby)

redis_selector (0.1.0 ruby)

redis_session_store (0.0.2 ruby)

redis_snippets (0.0.5 ruby)

redis_status (0.1.1 ruby)

redis_storage (0.4.0 ruby)

redis_store_jr (0.2.1 ruby)

redis_support (0.0.18 ruby)

redis_throttle (0.1.0 ruby)

redis_voteable (0.1.2 ruby)

redis_wrapper (0.2.0 ruby)

redis_wrapper_rails (0.2.0 ruby)

redisarray (0.0.1 ruby)

rediscover (0.0.2 ruby)

redisearch (0.1.0 ruby)

redised (0.2.0 ruby)

redish (0.0.1 ruby)

redisk (0.2.2 ruby)

redislog (1.0.0 ruby)

redismapper (0.0.1 ruby)

redismodel (0.1.8 ruby)

redismq (0.0.6 ruby)

redisque (1.0.1 ruby)

redisrecord (0.1 ruby)

redisrpc (0.3.5 ruby)

redistat (0.5.0 ruby)

redisted (0.0.2 ruby)

redistry (0.1.3 ruby)

rspec-redis_helper (0.1.2 ruby)

ruby-redis (0.0.2 ruby)

ruby-redis-portertech (0.0.3 ruby)

ruby_redis_lock (0.1.0 ruby)

ruote-redis (2.2.0 ruby)

ryansch-mock_redis (0.3.0 ruby)

simple-redis-server (0.0.1 ruby)

simple_redis_cache (0.0.2 ruby)

simredis (0.0.5 ruby)

sinatra-redis (0.3.0 ruby)

sinatra-redis-auth (0.1.1 ruby)

sprockets-cache-redis (0.0.3 ruby)

superfeedr-em-redis (0.3.7 ruby)

synapse_redis_logger (0.1.0 ruby)

tavern-redis (0.0.2 ruby)

unified-redis (0.0.2 ruby)

uri-redis (0.4.2 ruby)

xlymian-redis-store (0.3.8 ruby)

yam-redis-with-retries (2.2.2.1 ruby)

4. 其他gem命令

[root@db5 ~]# gem help commands

GEM commands are:

build Build a gem from a gemspec

cert ManageRubyGems certificates and signing settings

check Check installed gems

cleanup Clean up old versions of installed gems in the local

repository

contents Display the contents of the installed gems

dependency Show the dependencies of an installed gem

environment Display information about the RubyGems environment

fetch Download a gem and place it in the current directory

generate_index Generates the index files for a gem server directory

help Provide help on the 'gem' command

install Install a gem into the local repository

list Display gems whose name starts with STRING

lock Generate a lockdown list of gems

outdated Display all gems that need updates

owner Manage gem owners on RubyGems.org.

pristine Restores installed gems to pristine condition from files

located in the gem cache

push Push a gem up to RubyGems.org

query Query gem information inlocalor remote repositories

rdoc GeneratesRDocfor pre-installed gems

search Display all gems whose name contains STRING

server Documentationand gem repository HTTP server

sources Manage the sources and cache file RubyGems uses to search

for gems

specification Display gem specification (in yaml)

stale List gems along with access times

uninstall Uninstall gems from the local repository

unpack Unpack an installed gem to the current directory

update Update the named gems (or all installed gems)in the local

repository

which Find the location of a library file you can require

For help on a particular command,use'gem help COMMAND'.

Commands may be abbreviated, so longas they are unambiguous.

e.g.'gem i rake'isshortfor'gem install rake'.

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/wangyuyu/p/3224852.html

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