河南专升本公共英语语法考点分析---倒装句型

语法考点分析---倒装句型

一、全部倒装：指谓语全部置于主语之前的倒装，有下列几种情况：
- 1．here，there，away，in，out，down，up，off，back，now，then等在句首时引起全部倒装。
- 2．介词短语或方位名词词组作地点状语位于句首，引起全部倒装。例如：
- 3．在there be 结构中，采用全部倒装语序。
- 4．代词such作表语，意“这样的人”“这样的物”，应置于句首，其后全部倒装。
二、部分倒装
- 1．一般疑问句，选择疑问句，反意问句要求部分倒装。
- 2．特殊疑问词不作主语或不作主语的定语的特殊疑问句要求部分倒装。
- 3．only修饰动词、介词短语、状语从句，并置于句首时，主句中要部分倒装。
- 4．含有否定意义的副词，如：not,never,neither,nor,seldom,hardly,little等置于句首时，要求部分倒装。
- 5．not only…but(also)…连接两个分句，not only置于句首，它所引导的这部分要部分倒装，但but(also)部分不要倒装。
- 6．not until引起一个短语或引导一个从句置于句首时，主句中要求部分倒装。
- 7．hardly…when…;no sooner…than…句型中，若hardly,no sooner位于句首时，主句中要求部分倒装。
- 8．so表“也”、“同样”意，位于句首时，其后要部分倒装。
倒装语序考点分析

英语的倒装有两大类型：

一、全部倒装：指谓语全部置于主语之前的倒装，有下列几种情况：

1．here，there，away，in，out，down，up，off，back，now，then等在句首时引起全部倒装。

例如：
Here is a letter for you./There goes the last train./The door opened,and in came Mr Smith./Away went the boy./Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas./Back came the others./Out rushed the boy with an apple in his hand./Then came a noise like thunder./Now comes the bus.

2．介词短语或方位名词词组作地点状语位于句首，引起全部倒装。例如：

In the corner of the room stands a writing－table./South of the city lies a big factory./Under the bed lies a cat./In these oceans live huge numbers of a small fish 5cm long.
注：以上两种完全倒装主语必须是名词，谓语常是表示方位或转移的不及物动词，如lie,live,sit,stand,be,come,go,rise,walk,run等，主语若是人称代词或谓语不属上述动词之列，则不用完全倒装。例如：
Here it rains a lot every month of the year./Here we are!/Off you go!/Then she went to the shop.

3．在there be 结构中，采用全部倒装语序。

例如：
There is a book in the bag.
表系主语

4．代词such作表语，意“这样的人”“这样的物”，应置于句首，其后全部倒装。

例如：
Such were the facts./Such would be our home in the future.

二、部分倒装

部分倒装：指部分谓语（如助动词、情态动词）位于主语之前的倒装。有下列一些情况：

1．一般疑问句，选择疑问句，反意问句要求部分倒装。

例如：Has he finished his work?/Its a lovely day,isnt it?

2．特殊疑问词不作主语或不作主语的定语的特殊疑问句要求部分倒装。

例如：
When did you go there?/Which do you like best?

3．only修饰动词、介词短语、状语从句，并置于句首时，主句中要部分倒装。

例如：
Only when the rain stopped did the match start again.
注：“only＋名词/代词”置于句首不要倒装。例如：
Only he can do it.(正) Only can he do it. (误)

4．含有否定意义的副词，如：not,never,neither,nor,seldom,hardly,little等置于句首时，要求部分倒装。

例如：
Hardly can I believe that./Never has he been to the Great Wall./Seldom does she write to me.

5．not only…but(also)…连接两个分句，not only置于句首，它所引导的这部分要部分倒装，但but(also)部分不要倒装。

例如；
Not only should we study science,but also we should pay attention to politics.
注：若not only…but(also)…连接两个主语，句子不要倒装。

6．not until引起一个短语或引导一个从句置于句首时，主句中要求部分倒装。

例如：
Not until he was ten did he go to school./Not until yesterday did I realize what trouble he was in.

7．hardly…when…;no sooner…than…句型中，若hardly,no sooner位于句首时，主句中要求部分倒装。

例如：
Hardly had I entered the room when the phone rang./No sooner had he finished his talk than he was surrounded(包围)by the workers.

8．so表“也”、“同样”意，位于句首时，其后要部分倒装。

例如：
You can swim,so can I./If you go,so will I.

倒装语序考点分析

1．Not only _____ polluted but _____ crowded.
A.was the city;were the streets B.the city was;the streets were
C.was the city;the streets were D.the city was;were the streets
析：not only部分要部分倒装，可排除B、D。but(also)部分不要倒装，故C为正确答案。
2．Little _____ about his own safety,though he was in great danger himself.
A．does he care B.did he care C.he care D.he cared
析：否定意义的Little在句首，该句要倒装，故答案在A、B之中选择一个，因A的时态不对，故答案为B。
3．Only in this way _____ progess in your English.
A.you make B.can you make C.you be able to make D.will you able to come
析：Only 修饰in this way置于句首，句子要部分倒装，故答案为B。
4．Not until all the fish died in the river _____ how serious the pollution was.
A.did the villagers realize B.the villagers realized
C.the villagers did realize D.didnt the villagers realize
析：由于Not until在句首，主句要采用部分倒装，这样先可排除B、C，又由于D不应该用didnt,故A为正确答案。
5．Be quick! _____
A.The bus comes here B.The bus here comes
C.Here the bus comes D.Here comes the bus
析：用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作出现在倒装句中，所以此题答案为D。（＝The bus is coming here.）
6．On the wall _____ two large portraits.
A.hangs B.hang C.hanged D.hanging
析：由于介词短语on the wall位于句首，全句要采用完全倒装式，因为主语是复数，所以正确答案为B。