注： 我们已经遵循最佳做法的命名用三个字母前缀的探险中的每个类"APA，"代表苹果探险"。

执行的选择： 不的所有角色都是 SKSpriteNode 的子类中，我们可以改为使用模型背后的每个角色 （NSObject子类） 类。现场实例将使用这些模型类基本的 SKSpriteNode 实例，可以在场景中显示的每个角色进行操作。我们选择了移动每个Sprite工具包(Kit)Sprite工具包(Kit)节点子类里面的逻辑，以便每个角色可以确定它自己的行为。这意味着现场类简单得多，并且在每个角色的基础上的游戏逻辑划分。

提示： 要快速概览在项目中的文件结构，请按住 Option 键并单击组三角形，以扩大它和它的所有子组。

Adventure:    APAAppDelegateOSX.m    -applicationDidFinishLaunching:

- (void)applicationDidFinishLaunching:(NSNotification *)aNotification {

... (Show the progress indicator)

[APAAdventureScene loadSceneAssetsWithCompletionHandler:^{

APAAdventureScene *scene = [APAAdventureScene

sceneWithSize:CGSizeMake(1024, 768)];

[self.skView presentScene:scene];

... (Hide the progress indicator)

... (Show the Warrior/Archer buttons)

[scene configureGameControllers];

}];

... (Show debug info)

}

Adventure:    APAAdventureScene.m    +loadSceneAssets

+ (void)loadSceneAssets {

sSharedProjectileSparkEmitter = [SKEmitterNode

apa_emitterNodeWithEmitterNamed:@"ProjectileSplat"];

... (Load other emitters and sprites)

[self loadWorldTiles];

[APACave loadSharedAssets];

... (Load other characters' assets)

}

最佳实践： 与类中的所有名称的探险，一样我们一直遵循命名上框架类的分类方法的最佳做法。为避免潜在的碰撞与苹果可能会在未来将添加到 SKEmitterNode 的任何方法，我们命名方法 apa_emitterNodeWithEmitterNamed： 而不是只是 emitterNodeWithEmitterNamed：。

Adventure:    APABoss.m    +loadSharedAssets

+ (void)loadSharedAssets {

[super loadSharedAssets];

static dispatch_once_t onceToken;

dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{

sSharedIdleAnimationFrames = APALoadFramesFromAtlas(@"Boss_Idle",

@"boss_idle", kBossIdleFrames);

... (Load other animation frames)

sSharedDamageEmitter = [SKEmitterNode

apa_emitterNodeWithEmitterNamed:@"BossDamage"];

sSharedDamageAction = [SKAction sequence:@[

[SKAction colorizeWithColor:[SKColor whiteColor]

colorBlendFactor:1.0 duration:0.0],

[SKAction waitForDuration:0.5],

[SKAction colorizeWithColorBlendFactor:0.0 duration:0.1]]];

}

}。

提示： 要迅速跳到 Xcode 中的符号的定义，按住命令键并单击该符号名称，如方法、 函数、 变量、 类名称或定义的值。

Adventure:    APABoss.m    -damageEmitter

static SKEmitterNode *sSharedDamageEmitter = nil;

- (SKEmitterNode *)damageEmitter {

return sSharedDamageEmitter;

}

Adventure:    APAMultiplayerLayeredCharacterScene.m    -initWithSize:

- (instancetype)initWithSize:(CGSize)size {

self = [super initWithSize:size];

if (self) {

_players = [[NSMutableArray alloc] initWithCapacity:kNumPlayers];

_defaultPlayer = [[APAPlayer alloc] init];

[(NSMutableArray *)_players addObject:_defaultPlayer];

for (int i = 1; i < kNumPlayers; i++) {

[(NSMutableArray *)_players addObject:[NSNull null]];

}

Adventure:    APAAdventureScene.m    -initWithSize:

- (id)initWithSize:(CGSize)size {

self = [super initWithSize:size];

if (self) {

_heroes = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];

... (Create the other arrays)

_levelMap = APACreateDataMap(@"map_collision.png");

_treeMap = APACreateDataMap(@"map_foliage.png");

Adventure:    APAAdventureScene.m    -initWithSize:

[self buildWorld];

CGPoint startPosition = self.defaultSpawnPoint;

[self centerWorldOnPosition:startPosition];

}

return self;

}

Adventure:    APAAdventureScene.m    -buildWorld

- (void)buildWorld {

self.physicsWorld.gravity = CGPointZero;

self.physicsWorld.contactDelegate = self;

[self addBackgroundTiles];

[self addSpawnPoints];

[self addTrees];

[self addCollisionWalls];

}

Adventure:    APAGraphicsUtilities.m    APACreateARGBBitmapContext()

context = CGBitmapContextCreate(bitmapData,

pixelsWide,

pixelsHigh,

8,      // bits per component

bitmapBytesPerRow,

colorSpace,

(CGBitmapInfo)kCGImageAlphaPremultipliedFirst);

Adventure:    APAGraphicsUtilities.h

typedef struct {

uint8_t bossLocation, wall, goblinCaveLocation, heroSpawnLocation;

} APADataMap;

Adventure:    APAAdventureScene.m    -addSpawnPoints

- (void)addSpawnPoints {

for (int y = 0; y < kLevelMapSize; y++) {

for (int x = 0; x < kLevelMapSize; x++) {

CGPoint location = CGPointMake(x, y);

APADataMap spot = [self queryLevelMap:location];

CGPoint worldPoint = [self

convertLevelMapPointToWorldPoint:location];

if (spot.boss <= 200) {

... (Create a boss at this location)

}

if (spot.goblinCaveLocation >= 200) {

... (Create a goblin cave at this location)

}

if (spot.heroSpawnLocation >= 200) {

... (Set the hero spawn point)

}

}

}

}

实现详细信息：APADataMap 和 APATreeMap 的结构定义封装在 #pragma pack(1) 和 #pragma pack () 指令。默认情况下，编译器包中可能效率更高的 CPU 在运行时访问方式的结构中的字段。要这样做，可能需要插入额外的空白，以便字段对齐针对 32 位或 64 位地址。#pragma pack(1) 指令告诉编译器指定的结构布局和从来没有插入任何额外的填充，以便保证 4 × 8 位像素数据的数组是直接转化为结构的字段。

Adventure:    APAGraphicsUtilities.h

typedef struct {

uint8_t unusedA, bigTreeLocation, smallTreeLocation, unusedB;

} APATreeMap;

Adventure:    APAAdventureScene.m    -addCollisionWalls

- (void)addCollisionWalls {

//Alloca() 呼叫分配内存足够大以容纳在图像地图中的像素的块

unsigned char *filled = alloca(kLevelMapSize * kLevelMapSize);

//此块然后用零填充

memset(filled, 0, kLevelMapSize * kLevelMapSize);

...

Adventure:    APAAdventureScene.m    -addCollisionWallAtWorldPoint:withWidth:height:

- (void)addCollisionWallAtWorldPoint:(CGPoint)worldPoint

withWidth:(CGFloat)width height:(CGFloat)height {

//物理身体是一个简单、 非动态的矩形的机构。当与墙碰撞其他精灵在游戏中的时，他们将自动

//阻止民宅内的矩形区域，给行走的墙在迷宫的错觉。

CGRect rect = CGRectMake(0, 0, width, height);

SKNode *wallNode = [SKNode node];

wallNode.position = CGPointMake(worldPoint.x + rect.size.width * 0.5,

worldPoint.y - rect.size.height * 0.5);

wallNode.physicsBody = [SKPhysicsBody

bodyWithRectangleOfSize:rect.size];

wallNode.physicsBody.dynamic = NO;

// CategoryBitMask 为一堵墙是 APAColliderTypeWall。我们使用此值来设置是否一种类

//型的物理机构碰撞与物理机构的另一种类型 ；碰撞中"处理冲突"的更多详细介绍

wallNode.physicsBody.categoryBitMask = APAColliderTypeWall;

[self addNode:wallNode atWorldLayer:APAWorldLayerGround];

}

Adventure:     APAMultiplayerLayeredCharacterScene.m    -didSimulatePhysics

- (void)didSimulatePhysics {

// 如果有多个播放器，照相机始终遵循默认玩家的英雄。

APAHeroCharacter *defaultHero = self.defaultPlayer.hero;

if (defaultHero) {

CGPoint heroPosition = defaultHero.position;

CGPoint worldPos = self.world.position;

CGFloat yCoordinate = worldPos.y + heroPosition.y;

if (yCoordinate < kMinHeroToEdgeDistance) {

worldPos.y = worldPos.y - yCoordinate + kMinHeroToEdgeDistance;

self.worldMovedForUpdate = YES;

} else if (yCoordinate > (self.frame.size.height –

kMinHeroToEdgeDistance)) {

worldPos.y = worldPos.y + self.frame.size.height - yCoordinate –

kMinHeroToEdgeDistance;

self.worldMovedForUpdate = YES;

}

... (Repeat for horizontal axis)

self.world.position = worldPos;

}

//使用 performSelector:withObject:afterDelay： 特别延迟值为 0.0 意味着选择器调

//用发生在当前后通过运行循环。使用此值确保 didSimulatePhysics 子类执行会出现之前的

//worldMovedForUpdate 属性重置为号

[self performSelector:@selector(clearWorldMoved)

withObject:nil afterDelay:0.0f];

}

Adventure:    APAParallaxSprite.m    -initWithSprites:usingOffset:

- (id)initWithSprites:(NSArray *)sprites usingOffset:(CGFloat)offset {

self = [super init];

if (self) {

_usesParallaxEffect = YES;

CGFloat zOffset = 1.0f / (CGFloat)[sprites count];

CGFloat ourZPosition = self.zPosition;

NSUInteger childNumber = 0;

for (SKNode *node in sprites) {

//较高的 z 位置值，早在子画面的绘制顺序绘制了。

node.zPosition = ourZPosition + (zOffset + (zOffset * childNumber));

[self addChild:node];

childNumber++;

}

_parallaxOffset = offset;

}

return self;

}

Adventure:    APAAdventureScene.m    +loadSceneAssets

+ (void)loadSceneAssets {

SKTextureAtlas *atlas = [SKTextureAtlas atlasNamed:@"Environment"];

...

sSharedSmallTree = [[APATree alloc] initWithSprites:@[

[SKSpriteNode spriteNodeWithTexture:

[atlas textureNamed:@"small_tree_base.png"]],

[SKSpriteNode spriteNodeWithTexture:

[atlas textureNamed:@"small_tree_middle.png"]],

[SKSpriteNode spriteNodeWithTexture:

[atlas textureNamed:@"small_tree_top.png"]]]

usingOffset:25.0f];

...

}

Adventure:    APAAdventureScene.m    -didSimulatePhysics

- (void)didSimulatePhysics {

[super didSimulatePhysics];

... (Get the position of the default hero, or hero spawn point)

//需要更新的偏移量，只当空间节点已经移动。

if (!self.worldMovedForUpdate) {

return;

}

...

for (APAParallaxSprite *sprite in self.parallaxSprites) {

//需要更新只有当前可见的 sprite 的偏移量或很快就是可见的。因此，我们检查

//Sprite工具包(Kit)和英雄 ； 之间的距离如果不是英雄是可见的我们使用的英雄重生点 —— 中水平的起

//始点。

if (APADistanceBetweenPoints(sprite.position, position) >= 1024) {

continue;

}

[sprite updateOffset];

}

}

Adventure:    APAParallaxSprite.m    -updateOffset

- (void)updateOffset {

SKScene *scene = self.scene;

SKNode *parent = self.parent;

... (Return early if parallax is disabled)

CGPoint scenePos = [scene convertPoint:self.position fromNode:parent];

//偏置到 (–0.5，0.5) 的偏移的方向范围相对于屏幕的中心。

CGFloat offsetX =  (-1.0f + (2.0 * (scenePos.x / scene.size.width)));

CGFloat offsetY =  (-1.0f + (2.0 * (scenePos.y / scene.size.height)));

CGFloat delta = self.parallaxOffset / (CGFloat)self.children.count;

int childNumber = 0;

for (SKNode *node in self.children) {

//每个子节点是偏移量的日益增加的数额 ；最顶尖的孩子因此偏移量。

node.position = CGPointMake(offsetX*delta*childNumber,

offsetY*delta*childNumber);

childNumber++;

}

}

Adventure:    APAAdventureScene.m    -didSimulatePhysics

- (void)didSimulatePhysics {

[super didSimluatePhysics];

...

if (!self.worldMovedForUpdate) {

return;

}

for (SKEmitterNode *particles in self.particleSystems) {

BOOL particlesAreVisible =

APADistanceBetweenPoints(particles.position, position) < 1024;

if (!particlesAreVisible && !particles.paused) {

particles.paused = YES;

} else if (particlesAreVisible && particles.paused) {

particles.paused = NO;

}

}

...

}

Adventure:    APAMultiplayerLayeredCharacterScene.m    -touchesBegan:withEvent:

- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {

... (Return early if we don't have any heroes in play, or if we're already

tracking a touch)

UITouch *touch = [touches anyObject];

APAPlayer *defaultPlayer = self.defaultPlayer;

defaultPlayer.targetLocation = [touch

locationInNode:defaultPlayer.hero.parent];

BOOL wantsAttack = NO;

NSArray *nodes = [self nodesAtPoint:[touch locationInNode:self]];

for (SKNode *node in nodes) {

if (node.physicsBody.categoryBitMask & (APAColliderTypeCave |

APAColliderTypeGoblinOrBoss) {

//设置 wantsAttack 为 YES 如果触摸点击任何小妖精、 水平的首领或山洞里，然后使用

//此值来确定是否播放机正试图移动人物角色或执行攻击行动。

wantsAttack = YES;

}

}

defaultPlayer.fireAction = wantsAttack;

//如果英雄攻击一个敌人，不会误以为触摸运动。

defaultPlayer.moveRequested = !wantsAttack;

defaultPlayer.movementTouch = touch;

Adventure:    APAMultiplayerLayeredCharacterScene.m    -update:

- (void)update:(NSTimeInterval)currentTime {

...

#if TARGET_OS_IPHONE

APAPlayer *defaultPlayer = self.defaultPlayer;

if ([self.heroes count] > 0) {

APAHeroCharacter *hero = defaultPlayer.hero;

if (defaultPlayer.fireAction) {

//如果玩家攻击，把他们的英雄，脸朝着敌人目标。

[hero faceTo:defaultPlayer.targetLocation];

}

if (defaultPlayer.moveRequested) {

//通过检查来看看英雄是否已经在请求的位置 ；如果不是，我们向位置移动的英雄。

if (!CGPointEqualToPoint(defaultPlayer.targetLocation,

hero.position)) {

[hero moveTowards:defaultPlayer.targetLocation

withTimeInterval:timeSinceLast];

} else {

//否则，就取消请求的移动。

defaultPlayer.moveRequested = NO;

}

}

}

#endif

...

for (APAPlayer *player in self.players) {

...

APAHeroCharacter *hero = player.hero;

...

if (player.fireAction) {

[hero performAttackAction];

}

...

}

}

Adventure:    APAMultiplayerLayeredCharacterScene.m    -configureGameControllers

- (void)configureGameControllers

[[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self

selector:@selector(gameControllerDidConnect:)

name:GCControllerDidConnectNotification object:nil];

[[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self

selector:@selector(gameControllerDidDisconnect:)

name:GCControllerDidDisconnectNotification object:nil];

[self configureConnectedGameControllers];

[GCController startWirelessControllerDiscoveryWithCompletionHandler:^{

NSLog(@"Finished finding controllers");

}

}

Adventure:    APAMultiplayerLayeredCharacterScene.m    -assignPresetController:toIndex:

- (void)assignPresetController:(CGController *)controller

toIndex:(NSInteger)playerIndex {

APAPlayer *player = self.players[playerIndex];

... (Check if the player is NSNull and create a new APAPlayer if so)

if (player.controller && player.controller != controller) {

//AssignUnknownController 方法枚举通过 APAPlayer 实例，寻找还没有分配的控制

//器的球员。

[self assignUnknownController:controller];

return;

}

[self configureController:controller forPlayer:player];

}

- (void)configureController:(GCController *)controller forPlayer:(APAPlayer

*)player {

player.controller = controller;

GCControllerDirectionPadValueChangedHandler dpadMoveHandler =

^(GCControllerDirectionPad *dpad, float xValue, float yValue) {

float length = hypotf(xValue, yValue);

if (length > 0.0f) {

float invLength = 1.0f / length;

player.heroMoveDirection = CGPointMake(xValue * invLength, yValue

* invLength);

} else {

player.heroMoveDirection = CGPointZero;

}

};

controller.extendedGamepad.leftThumbstick.valueChangedHandler =

dpadMoveHandler;

controller.gamepad.dpad.valueChangedHandler = dpadMoveHandler;

GCControllerButtonValueChangedHandler fireButtonHandler =

^(GCControllerButtonInput *button, float value, BOOL pressed) {

player.fireAction = pressed;

};

controller.gamepad.buttonA.valueChangedHandler = fireButtonHandler;

controller.gamepad.buttonB.valueChangedHandler = fireButtonHandler;

... (Add a hero for the player, if necessary)

}

Adventure:    APAMultiplayerLayeredCharacterScene.m    -update:

- (void)update:(NSTimeInterval)currentTime {

...

for (APAPlayer *player in self.players) {

...

APAHeroCharacter *hero = player.hero;

...

if (player.fireAction) {

[hero performAttackAction];

}

CGPoint heroMoveDirection = player.heroMoveDirection;

//使用 hypotf() 来计算的三角形的斜边长度与侧长度 x 和 y。如果这一结果大于零，则我们需要

//移动的英雄。

if (hypotf(heroMoveDirection.x, heroMoveDirection.y) > 0.0f) {

[hero moveInDirection:heroMoveDirection withTimeInterval:timeSinceLast];

}

}

}

Adeventure:    APACharacter.m    -moveInDirection:withTimeInterval:

- (void)moveInDirection:(CGPoint)direction

withTimeInterval:(NSTimeInterval)timeInterval {

CGPoint curPosition = self.position;

CGFloat movementSpeed = self.movementSpeed;

CGFloat dx = movementSpeed * direction.x;

CGFloat dy = movementSpeed * direction.y;

CGFloat dt = movementSpeed * kMinTimeInterval;

CGPoint targetPosition = CGPointMake(curPosition.x + dx, curPosition.y +

dy);

CGFloat ang = APA_POLAR_ADJUST(APARadiansBetweenPoints(targetPosition,

curPosition));

self.zRotation = ang;

CGFloat distRemaining = hypotf(dx, dy);

if (distRemaining < dt) {

self.position = targetPosition;

} else {

self.position = CGPointMake(curPosition.x - sinf(ang)*dt,

curPosition.y + cosf(ang)*dt);

}

... (Set up the walk animation)

}

Adventure:    APAEnemyCharacter.m    -update:

- (void)update:(CFTimeInterval)interval {

[super update:interval];

[self.intelligence update:interval];

}

Adventure:    APAChaseAI.m    -update:

- (void)update:(CFTimeInterval)interval {

APACharacter *ourCharacter = self.character;

... (Return early if our enemy character is dying)

CGPoint position = ourCharacter.position;

APAMultiplayerLayeredCharacterScene *scene = [ourCharacter

characterScene];

CGFloat closestHeroDistance = MAXFLOAT;

for (APAHeroCharacter *hero in scene.heroes) {

CGPoint heroPosition = hero.position;

CGFloat distance = APADistanceBetweenPoints(position, heroPosition);

if (distance < kEnemyAlertRadius && distance < closestHeroDistance

&& !hero.dying) {

closestHeroDistance = distance;

self.target = hero;

}

}

APACharacter *target = self.target;

... (Return early if there's no target)

CGPoint heroPosition = target.position;

CGFloat chaseRadius = self.chaseRadius;

if (closestHeroDistance > self.maxAlertRadius) {

self.target = nil;

} else if (closestHeroDistance > chaseRadius) {

[self.chararacter moveTowards:heroPosition];

} else if (closestHeroDistance < chaseRadius) {

[self.character faceTo:heroPosition];

[self.character performAttackAction];

}

}

Adventure:    APASpawnAI.m    -update:

- (void)update:(CFTimeInterval)interval {

APACave *cave = (id)self.character;

... (Return early if our cave is destroyed)

CGFloat closestHeroDistance = kMinimumHeroDistance;

CGPoint closestHeroPosition = CGPointZero;

... (Calculate the distance to, and get the location of, the closest hero)

CGFloat distScale = (closestHeroDistance / kMinimumHeroDistance);

cave.timeUntilNextGenerate -= interval;

NSUInteger goblinCount = [cave.activeGoblins count];

if (goblinCount < 1 || cave.timeUntilNextGenerate <= 0.0f || (distScale <

0.35f && cave.timeUntilNextGenerate > 5.0f)) {

if (goblinCount < 1 || (!CGPointEqualToPoint(closestHeroPosition,

CGPointZero) && [scene closestHeroPosition

from:cave.position])) {

[cave generate];

}

cave.timeUntilNextGenerate = (4.0f * distScale);

}

}

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