计算机组成原理_L12-MIPS系统结构-V1.pdf

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1计算机组成MIPS体系结构概述高小鹏北京航空航天大学计算机学院系统结构研究所计算机学院课程提纲 输入输出 异常/中断 协处理器• I/O is how humans interact with computers• I/O gives computers long-term memory.• I/O lets computers do amazing things:• Computer without I/O like a car without wheels; great technology, but gets you nowhereMIT Media Lab“Sixth Sense”Motivation for Input/Output7/31/2012 3Summer 2012 -- Lecture #25I/O Device Examples and SpeedsDevice Behavior Partner Data Rate (KB/s)Keyboard Input Human 0.01Mouse Input Human 0.02Voice output Output Human 5.00Floppy disk Storage Machine 50.00Laser printer Output Human 100.00Magnetic disk Storage Machine 10,000.00Wireless network Input or Output Machine 10,000.00Graphics display Output Human 30,000.00Wired LAN network Input or Output Machine 125,000.00• I/O speeds: 7 orders of magnitude between mouse and LAN• When discussing transfer rates, use SI prefixes (10x)7/31/2012 4Summer 2012 -- Lecture #251) A way to connect many types of devices 2) A way to control these devices, respond to them, and transfer data3) A way to present them to user programs so they are usefulctrl reg.data reg.Operating SystemAPIsFilesProc MemPCI BusSCSI BusWhat do we need for I/O to work?7/31/2012 5Summer 2012 -- Lecture #25Instruction Set Architecture for I/O• What must the processor do for I/O?– Input: reads a sequence of bytes – Output: writes a sequence of bytes• Some processors have special input and output instructions• Alternative model (used by MIPS):– Use loads for input, stores for output (in small pieces)– Called Memory Mapped Input/Output– A portion of the address space dedicated to communication paths to Input or Output devices (no memory there)7/31/2012 6Summer 2012 -- Lecture #25 关 键 词： 12 l12 mips 系统 原理 组成 结构 v1 计算机

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