hadoop是由java 语言编写的主从结构分布式计算存储架构

准备工作：

1. 操作系统： Ubuntu16.04

2. 软件安装包：jdk-8u171-linux-x64.tar.gz ； hadoop-2.6.5.tar.gz

3. 配置环境：3台虚拟机

            master:192.168.122.10node1 :192.168.122.11 node1 :192.168.122.12 

• 前提条件：三台虚拟机已经配置过SSH和主机名，如果没有，请自行百度配置。

第一步：安装jdk

因为hadoop是由java编写的，所以底层需要依赖java环境， jdk下载地址，可选择合适的版本 http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk8-downloads-2133151.html

在master上操作

1.下载jdk

用wget下载，如下

root@master:/opt/tar# wget http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/8u171-b11/512cd62ec5174c3487ac17c61aaa89e8/jdk-8u171-linux-x64.tar.gz
root@master:/opt/tar# l
jdk-8u171-linux-x64.tar.gz 

2.解压tar包

可以自己先创一个目录来解压方便以后管理，这次我就解压在opt目录下

root@master:/opt/tar# tar -zxvf jdk-8u171-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /opt/root@master:/opt# l
jdk1.8.0_171/

3.将jdk添加到环境变量中

root@master:/opt# vim /etc/profile

在文件末尾添加

export JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk1.8.0_171
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin

4.刷新环境变量文件

root@master:/opt# echo $JAVA_HOME       #没刷新前的结果为空root@master:/opt# source  /etc/profile  #刷新
root@master:/opt# echo $JAVA_HOME
/opt/jdk1.8.0_171
root@master:/opt# java -version #看java版本 openjdk version "1.8.0_171" OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_171-8u171-b11-0ubuntu0.16.04.1-b11) OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.171-b11, mixed mode) 

• 到这里master的上面的jdk就安装好了 接下来就是将从节点上也安装，这里就可以将master上解压好和修改好的/etc/profile文件直接拷贝到从节点上了，这样比较方便，不然还得重复配置。

• 这里我还是将jdk放在从节点的/opt目录下

root@master:/opt# scp -r jdk1.8.0_171/ node1:/opt       #拷贝jdk到node1
root@master:/opt# scp -r jdk1.8.0_171/ node2:/opt #拷贝jdk到node2 root@master:/opt# scp -r /etc/profile node2:/etc/ #拷贝环境变量文件到node1 root@master:/opt# scp -r /etc/profile node2:/etc/ #拷贝环境变量文件到node2 

在node1和node2上执行

source  /etc/profile  #刷新

• 到这里三台虚拟机的JDK就全部安装好了！

第二步：安装hadoop

从网站http://hadoop.apache.org/releases.html找到合适的hadoop的二进制版本，本次我用的是2.6.5

1. 下载

root@master:/opt/tar# wget http://www-eu.apache.org/dist/hadoop/common/hadoop-2.6.5/hadoop-2.6.5.tar.gz

2.解压

root@master:/opt/tar# tar -zxvf hadoop-2.6.5.tar.gz -C /opt/root@master:/opt# l
hadoop-2.6.5/ jdk1.8.0_171/ 

3.修改配置文件

进入/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/etc/hadoop目录下,这里面都是配置文件

root@master:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/etc/hadoop# l
capacity-scheduler.xml  hadoop-env.sh               httpfs-env.sh            kms-env.sh            mapred-env.sh               ssl-server.xml.example
configuration.xsl       hadoop-metrics2.properties  httpfs-log4j.properties  kms-log4j.properties  mapred-queues.xml.template  yarn-env.cmd
container-executor.cfg  hadoop-metrics.properties   httpfs-signature.secret  kms-site.xml          mapred-site.xml.template    yarn-env.sh
core-site.xml           hadoop-policy.xml           httpfs-site.xml          log4j.properties      slaves                      yarn-site.xml
hadoop-env.cmd          hdfs-site.xml               kms-acls.xml             mapred-env.cmd        ssl-client.xml.example

1.修改hadoop-env.sh

里面是启动的脚本文件，将jdk导入

root@master:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/etc/hadoop# echo $JAVA_HOME   #获取jdk据对路径
/opt/jdk1.8.0_171
root@master:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/etc/hadoop# vim hadoop-env.sh 

写入export JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk1.8.0_171保存退出 

2.修改core-site.xml

核心配置文件

root@master:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/etc/hadoop# vim core-site.xml

写入

<configuration> <property> <name>fs.defaultFS</name> <value>hdfs://master:9000</value> </property> <property> <name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name> <value>file:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/tmp</value> </property> </configuration> 

里面内容以key-value形式书写，规定hadoop的默认文件系统为hdfs以对应的路径和端口（9000）。hadoop产生的临时文件存放地址（/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/tmp）

3.hdfs-site.xml

这个文件不配置也行，就会用默认值，配置了就根据配置的内容来

root@master:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/etc/hadoop# vim hdfs-site.xml

<configuration> <property> <name>dfs.namenode.secondy.http-address</name> <value>master:50090</value> </property> <property> <name>dfs.namenode.name.dir</name> <value>file:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/tmp/dfs/name</value> </property> <property> <name>dfs.datanode.data.dir</name> <value>file:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/tmp/dfs/name</value> </property> <property> <name>dfs.replication</name> <value>1</value> </property> </configuration> 

在这里面我配置了hdfs文件的副本数，默认为3份，但因为我的虚拟机空间不足，这里就配置了1份。大家也可以根据实际要求进行配置。

4.mapred-site.xml

这个文件是没有的，只提供一个tmp文件

root@master:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/etc/hadoop# cp mapred-site.xml.template mapred-site.xml
root@master:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/etc/hadoop# vim mapred-site.xml 

<configuration> <property> <name>mapreduce.framework.name</name> <value>yarn</value> </property> </configuration> 

mapreduce平行平台的名称（这里指定为yarn）

5.yarn-site.xml

root@master:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/etc/hadoop# vim yarn-site.xml

<configuration> <!-- Site specific YARN configuration properties --> <property> <name>yarn.resourcemanager.hostname</name> <value>master</value> </property> <property> <name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services</name> <value>mapreduce_shuffle</value> </property> </configuration> 

这里面配置yarn的resourcemanager在哪个节点上运行（这里我I设置为master）,和yarn需要的shuffle服务。

• 到这里master上的hadoop就配置好了，接下来就这这个hadoop文件复制到从节点上

root@master:/opt# scp -r hadoop-2.6.5/ node1:/opt/
root@master:/opt# scp -r hadoop-2.6.5/ node2:/opt/ 

2. 为Hadoop添加环境变量

输入命令：vim /etc/profile

添加如下内容: export HADOOP_HOME=/opt/hadoop-2.6.5 export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_HOME/bin:$HADOOP_HOME/sbin 

刷新

source  /etc/profile  #刷新

• 将这些内容也写到从节点的文件下，或者通过scp传过去 从节点刷新。

3. 配置slaves

root@master:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/etc/hadoop# vim slaves

• 如图所示配置意味着master节点此时既充当主节点也充当从节点（这样可以少开一个虚拟机，节省资源，服务器性能好可以不这样做）

4. 格式化文件系统

输入命令：hdfs namenode -format 看到高亮语句证明格式化成功！

安装成功！

测试

启动namenode

root@master:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/sbin# hadoop-daemon.sh start namenode
starting namenode, logging to /opt/hadoop-2.6.5/logs/hadoop-root-namenode-master.out root@master:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/sbin# jps 2420 NameNode 3406 Jps 

成功！其中hadoop-daemon.sh是一个启动脚本

关闭namenode

root@master:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/sbin# hadoop-daemon.sh stop namenode
stopping namenode
root@master:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/sbin# jps 11754 Jps 

一键启动所有节点(集群) namenode+datanode

主节点

root@master:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/etc/hadoop# start-all.sh
This script is Deprecated. Instead use start-dfs.sh and start-yarn.sh
Starting namenodes on [master]
master: starting namenode, logging to /opt/hadoop-2.6.5/logs/hadoop-root-namenode-master.out node1: starting datanode, logging to /opt/hadoop-2.6.5/logs/hadoop-root-datanode-node1.out node2: starting datanode, logging to /opt/hadoop-2.6.5/logs/hadoop-root-datanode-node2.out localhost: starting datanode, logging to /opt/hadoop-2.6.5/logs/hadoop-root-datanode-master.out Starting secondary namenodes [0.0.0.0] 0.0.0.0: starting secondarynamenode, logging to /opt/hadoop-2.6.5/logs/hadoop-root-secondarynamenode-master.out starting yarn daemons starting resourcemanager, logging to /opt/hadoop-2.6.5/logs/yarn-root-resourcemanager-master.out node1: starting nodemanager, logging to /opt/hadoop-2.6.5/logs/yarn-root-nodemanager-node1.out node2: starting nodemanager, logging to /opt/hadoop-2.6.5/logs/yarn-root-nodemanager-node2.out localhost: starting nodemanager, logging to /opt/hadoop-2.6.5/logs/yarn-root-nodemanager-master.out root@master:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/etc/hadoop# jps 14961 ResourceManager 15204 NodeManager 13125 NameNode 16188 Jps 

从节点查看

root@node1:/opt# jps
20656 NodeManager
19927 DataNode
21660 Jps

root@node2:~# jps
17553 DataNode
19514 Jps
18314 NodeManager

成功！

在hdfs中创建一个目录firstTestDir

root@master:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/hadooptmp# hadoop dfs -ls /            #查看原始状态下的目录（没有）
DEPRECATED: Use of this script to execute hdfs command is deprecated.
Instead use the hdfs command for it.root@master:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/hadooptmp# hadoop dfs -mkdir /firstTestDir #创建目录 DEPRECATED: Use of this script to execute hdfs command is deprecated. Instead use the hdfs command for it. root@master:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/hadooptmp# hadoop dfs -ls / #查看目录，已经存在 DEPRECATED: Use of this script to execute hdfs command is deprecated. Instead use the hdfs command for it. Found 1 items drwxr-xr-x - root supergroup 0 2018-05-13 21:13 /firstTestDir 

向这个目录下上传文件

这里我将root下的a.txt文件上传为例

root@master:~# l
a.txt
root@master:~# hadoop dfs -put ./a.txt /firstTestDir            #上传文件a.txt
DEPRECATED: Use of this script to execute hdfs command is deprecated.
Instead use the hdfs command for it.root@master:~# hadoop dfs -ls /firstTestDir        #查看是否成功，ok!
DEPRECATED: Use of this script to execute hdfs command is deprecated. Instead use the hdfs command for it. Found 1 items -rw-r--r-- 1 root supergroup 22002 2018-05-13 21:14 /firstTestDir/a.txt 

关闭所有组件

root@master:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/etc/hadoop# stop-all.sh

可能遇到的问题：

1.格式化时出现问题

root@master:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/etc/hadoop# hdfs namenode –format
18/05/12 20:50:16 INFO namenode.NameNode: STARTUP_MSG:
/************************************************************ STARTUP_MSG: Starting NameNode STARTUP_MSG: host = localhost/127.0.0.1 STARTUP_MSG: args = [–format] STARTUP_MSG: version = 2.6.5 STARTUP_MSG: classpath = /opt/hadoop-2.6.5/etc/hadoop:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-httpclient-3.1.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/stax-api-1.0-2.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/avro-1.7.4.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/jackson-jaxrs-1.9.13.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/snappy-java-1.0.4.1.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/httpclient-4.2.5.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/httpcore-4.2.5.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-api-1.7.5.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/zookeeper-3.4.6.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/guava-11.0.2.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/jackson-mapper-asl-1.9.13.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/mockito-all-1.8.5.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/jersey-core-1.9.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-compress-1.4.1.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/jetty-util-6.1.26.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-cli-1.2.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/jasper-runtime-5.5.23.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/hadoop-auth-2.6.5.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/apacheds-kerberos-codec-2.0.0-M15.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/activation-1.1.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/xz-1.0.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/curator-recipes-2.6.0.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/jaxb-impl-2.2.3-1.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-logging-1.1.3.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/jetty-6.1.26.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-collections-3.2.2.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/paranamer-2.3.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/servlet-api-2.5.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/jaxb-api-2.2.2.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/jersey-server-1.9.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/jettison-1.1.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-beanutils-1.7.0.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/jersey-json-1.9.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/protobuf-java-2.5.0.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/log4j-1.2.17.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.5.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/api-asn1-api-1.0.0-M20.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/jets3t-0.9.0.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-beanutils-core-1.8.0.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/junit-4.11.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/htrace-core-3.0.4.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/asm-3.2.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/jsr305-1.3.9.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/java-xmlbuilder-0.4.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/jasper-compiler-5.5.23.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-codec-1.4.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/curator-framework-2.6.0.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/apacheds-i18n-2.0.0-M15.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-configuration-1.6.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/api-util-1.0.0-M20.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-lang-2.6.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-math3-3.1.1.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/jsch-0.1.42.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-el-1.0.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/netty-3.6.2.Final.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/curator-client-2.6.0.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/jsp-api-2.1.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/jackson-xc-1.9.13.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/jackson-core-asl-1.9.13.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-io-2.4.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/hadoop-annotations-2.6.5.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/gson-2.2.4.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-digester-1.8.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/xmlenc-0.52.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/hamcrest-core-1.3.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-net-3.1.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/common/hadoop-nfs-2.6.5.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/common/hadoop-common-2.6.5.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/common/hadoop-common-2.6.5-tests.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/hdfs:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/guava-11.0.2.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/jackson-mapper-asl-1.9.13.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/jersey-core-1.9.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/jetty-util-6.1.26.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/commons-cli-1.2.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/jasper-runtime-5.5.23.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/commons-logging-1.1.3.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/jetty-6.1.26.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/commons-daemon-1.0.13.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/xml-apis-1.3.04.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/servlet-api-2.5.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/jersey-server-1.9.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/protobuf-java-2.5.0.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/log4j-1.2.17.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/htrace-core-3.0.4.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/asm-3.2.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/jsr305-1.3.9.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/xercesImpl-2.9.1.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/commons-codec-1.4.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/commons-lang-2.6.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/commons-el-1.0.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/netty-3.6.2.Final.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/jsp-api-2.1.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/jackson-core-asl-1.9.13.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/commons-io-2.4.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/xmlenc-0.52.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/hadoop-hdfs-2.6.5-tests.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/hadoop-hdfs-2.6.5.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/hadoop-hdfs-nfs-2.6.5.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/commons-httpclient-3.1.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/stax-api-1.0-2.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jackson-jaxrs-1.9.13.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/zookeeper-3.4.6.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/guava-11.0.2.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jackson-mapper-asl-1.9.13.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jersey-core-1.9.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/commons-compress-1.4.1.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jetty-util-6.1.26.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/commons-cli-1.2.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/activation-1.1.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/xz-1.0.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jaxb-impl-2.2.3-1.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/commons-logging-1.1.3.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jetty-6.1.26.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/commons-collections-3.2.2.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/servlet-api-2.5.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jaxb-api-2.2.2.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jersey-server-1.9.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jettison-1.1.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jersey-json-1.9.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jline-0.9.94.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/protobuf-java-2.5.0.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/log4j-1.2.17.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/guice-3.0.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/asm-3.2.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jersey-guice-1.9.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jsr305-1.3.9.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/leveldbjni-all-1.8.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jersey-client-1.9.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/commons-codec-1.4.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/guice-servlet-3.0.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/commons-lang-2.6.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/netty-3.6.2.Final.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/aopalliance-1.0.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jackson-xc-1.9.13.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jackson-core-asl-1.9.13.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/commons-io-2.4.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/javax.inject-1.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-server-resourcemanager-2.6.5.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-server-web-proxy-2.6.5.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-api-2.6.5.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-applications-distributedshell-2.6.5.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-server-applicationhistoryservice-2.6.5.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-server-common-2.6.5.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-applications-unmanaged-am-launcher-2.6.5.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-client-2.6.5.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-common-2.6.5.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-server-tests-2.6.5.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-server-nodemanager-2.6.5.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-registry-2.6.5.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/avro-1.7.4.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/snappy-java-1.0.4.1.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/jackson-mapper-asl-1.9.13.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/jersey-core-1.9.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/commons-compress-1.4.1.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/xz-1.0.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/paranamer-2.3.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/jersey-server-1.9.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/protobuf-java-2.5.0.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/log4j-1.2.17.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/guice-3.0.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/junit-4.11.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/asm-3.2.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/jersey-guice-1.9.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/leveldbjni-all-1.8.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/guice-servlet-3.0.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/netty-3.6.2.Final.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/aopalliance-1.0.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/jackson-core-asl-1.9.13.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/commons-io-2.4.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/hadoop-annotations-2.6.5.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/hamcrest-core-1.3.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/javax.inject-1.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-client-jobclient-2.6.5.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-client-jobclient-2.6.5-tests.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-client-common-2.6.5.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-examples-2.6.5.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-client-app-2.6.5.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-client-core-2.6.5.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-client-hs-plugins-2.6.5.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-client-shuffle-2.6.5.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-client-hs-2.6.5.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.5/contrib/capacity-scheduler/*.jar STARTUP_MSG: build = https://github.com/apache/hadoop.git -r e8c9fe0b4c252caf2ebf1464220599650f119997; compiled by 'sjlee' on 2016-10-02T23:43Z STARTUP_MSG: java = 1.8.0_171 ************************************************************/ 18/05/12 20:50:16 INFO namenode.NameNode: registered UNIX signal handlers for [TERM, HUP, INT] 18/05/12 20:50:16 INFO namenode.NameNode: createNameNode [–format] Usage: java NameNode [-backup] |  [-checkpoint] |  [-format [-clusterid cid ] [-force] [-nonInteractive] ] |  [-upgrade [-clusterid cid] [-renameReserved<k-v pairs>] ] |  [-upgradeOnly [-clusterid cid] [-renameReserved<k-v pairs>] ] |  [-rollback] |  [-rollingUpgrade <rollback|downgrade|started> ] |  [-finalize] |  [-importCheckpoint] |  [-initializeSharedEdits] |  [-bootstrapStandby] |  [-recover [ -force] ] |  [-metadataVersion ] ] 18/05/12 20:50:16 INFO namenode.NameNode: SHUTDOWN_MSG: /************************************************************ SHUTDOWN_MSG: Shutting down NameNode at localhost/127.0.0.1 ************************************************************/ 

原因 hdfs namenode –format "-format"中的-是中文横线，改成英文就好了

2. 通过hadoop dfsadmin -report命令查看到的全是0值，或者上传文件时提示失败，报错是没有可用的datanode。

解决方法，

• 1.可能是/etc/hosts文件里的主机名和ip对应有问题，可删除没用的对应或易混淆的。
• 2.防火墙没关
• 3.ssh没配成功
• 4.可能多次格式化后namenode和datanode上的clusterID不一致，删除主从节点上的tmp文件，重新格式化。
• 5.节点的内存。