目录

• 单元测试

• UI 测试

原文链接： Unit and UI Testing in Android Studio

2. UI 测试

• 配置

• 编码

• 测试

2.1 配置

2.1.1 IDE 配置
Build Variants => Test Artifact => Android Instrumentation Tests

2.1.2 build.gradle

apply plugin: 'com.android.application'android {compileSdkVersion 22buildToolsVersion "22.0.1"defaultConfig {applicationId "com.example.testing.testingexample"minSdkVersion 15targetSdkVersion 22versionCode 1versionName "1.0"//ADD THIS LINE:testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"}buildTypes {release {minifyEnabled falseproguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'}}//ADD THESE LINES:packagingOptions {exclude 'LICENSE.txt'}
}dependencies {compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.0.0' //← MAKE SURE IT’S 22.0.0testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12'//ADD THESE LINES:androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:runner:0.2'androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:rules:0.2'androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.1'
}

重要：由于一些依赖版本冲突，你需要确认com.android.support:appcompat-v7库的版本号是22.0.0，像上面的代码片段一样。

2.2 编码

2.2.1 为 app 添加交互

activity_main.xml

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="match_parent" android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin" tools:context=".MainActivity"><TextViewandroid:id="@+id/textView"android:text="@string/hello_world" android:layout_width="wrap_content"android:layout_height="wrap_content" /><EditTextandroid:hint="Enter your name here"android:id="@+id/editText"android:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:layout_below="@+id/textView"/><Buttonandroid:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:text="Say hello!"android:layout_below="@+id/editText"android:onClick="sayHello"/>
</RelativeLayout>

MainActivity.java

public void sayHello(View v){TextView textView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.textView);EditText editText = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editText);textView.setText("Hello, " + editText.getText().toString() + "!");
}

2.2.2 编写测试

在 androidTest 包中新建测试类
MainActivityInstrumentationTest.java

import android.support.test.InstrumentationRegistry;
import android.support.test.espresso.action.ViewActions;
import android.support.test.rule.ActivityTestRule;
import android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
import android.test.ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2;
import android.test.suitebuilder.annotation.LargeTest;import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Rule;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;import static android.support.test.espresso.Espresso.onView;
import static android.support.test.espresso.action.ViewActions.click;
import static android.support.test.espresso.action.ViewActions.closeSoftKeyboard;
import static android.support.test.espresso.action.ViewActions.typeText;
import static android.support.test.espresso.assertion.ViewAssertions.matches;
import static android.support.test.espresso.matcher.ViewMatchers.withId;
import static android.support.test.espresso.matcher.ViewMatchers.withText;@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
@LargeTest
public class MainActivityInstrumentationTest {private static final String STRING_TO_BE_TYPED = "Peter";@Rulepublic ActivityTestRule<MainActivity> mActivityRule = new ActivityTestRule<>(MainActivity.class);@Testpublic void sayHello(){onView(withId(R.id.editText)).perform(typeText(STRING_TO_BE_TYPED), closeSoftKeyboard()); //line 1onView(withText("Say hello!")).perform(click()); //line 2String expectedText = "Hello, " + STRING_TO_BE_TYPED + "!";onView(withId(R.id.textView)).check(matches(withText(expectedText))); //line 3}}

2.3 进行测试

测试文件上点右键 Run 测试就可以了。
稍后会看到手机自动运行 app，并按照测试代码中写的进行自动测试。

2.4 测试结果