<1> all():                 查询所有结果<2> filter(**kwargs):      它包含了与所给筛选条件相匹配的对象<3> get(**kwargs):         返回与所给筛选条件相匹配的对象，返回结果有且只有一个，如果符合筛选条件的对象超过一个或者没有都会抛出错误。<4> exclude(**kwargs):     它包含了与所给筛选条件不匹配的对象<5> values(*field):        返回一个ValueQuerySet——一个特殊的QuerySet，运行后得到的并不是一系列model的实例化对象，而是一个可迭代的字典序列<6> values_list(*field):   它与values()非常相似，它返回的是一个元组序列，values返回的是一个字典序列<7> order_by(*field):      对查询结果排序<8> reverse():             对查询结果反向排序，请注意reverse()通常只能在具有已定义顺序的QuerySet上调用(在model类的Meta中指定ordering或调用order_by()方法)。<9> distinct():            从返回结果中剔除重复纪录(如果你查询跨越多个表，可能在计算QuerySet时得到重复的结果。此时可以使用distinct()，注意只有在PostgreSQL中支持按字段去重。)<10> count():              返回数据库中匹配查询(QuerySet)的对象数量。<11> first():              返回第一条记录<12> last():               返回最后一条记录<13> exists():             如果QuerySet包含数据，就返回True，否则返回False

models.Tb1.objects.filter(id__lt=10, id__gt=1)   # 获取id大于1 且 小于10的值

models.Tb1.objects.filter(id__in=[11, 22, 33])   # 获取id等于11、22、33的数据
models.Tb1.objects.exclude(id__in=[11, 22, 33])  # not in

models.Tb1.objects.filter(name__contains="ven")  # 获取name字段包含"ven"的
models.Tb1.objects.filter(name__icontains="ven") # icontains大小写不敏感

models.Tb1.objects.filter(id__range=[1, 3])      # id范围是1到3的，等价于SQL的bettwen and

类似的还有：startswith，istartswith, endswith, iendswith　date字段还可以：
models.Class.objects.filter(first_day__year=2017)

book_obj = models.Book.objects.first()  # 第一本书对象
print(book_obj.publisher)  # 得到这本书关联的出版社对象
print(book_obj.publisher.name)  # 得到出版社对象的名称

print(models.Book.objects.values_list("publisher__name"))

publisher_obj = models.Publisher.objects.first()  # 找到第一个出版社对象
books = publisher_obj.book_set.all()  # 找到第一个出版社出版的所有书
titles = books.values_list("title")  # 找到第一个出版社出版的所有书的书名

titles = models.Publisher.objects.values_list("book__title")

>>> import datetime
>>> models.Author.objects.first().book_set.create(title="番茄物语", publish_date=datetime.date.today())

>>> author_objs = models.Author.objects.filter(id__lt=3)
>>> models.Book.objects.first().authors.add(*author_objs)

>>> models.Book.objects.first().authors.add(*[1, 2])

>>> book_obj = models.Book.objects.first()
>>> book_obj.authors.set([2, 3])

>>> book_obj = models.Book.objects.first()
>>> book_obj.authors.remove(3)

>>> book_obj = models.Book.objects.first()
>>> book_obj.authors.clear()

class Book(models.Model):title = models.CharField(max_length=32)publisher = models.ForeignKey(to=Publisher)

>>> models.Publisher.objects.first().book_set.clear()
Traceback (most recent call last):File "<input>", line 1, in <module>
AttributeError: 'RelatedManager' object has no attribute 'clear'

class Book(models.Model):name = models.CharField(max_length=32)publisher = models.ForeignKey(to=Class, null=True)

>>> models.Publisher.objects.first().book_set.clear()

>>> models.Book.objects.all().aggregate(Avg("price"))
{'price__avg': 13.233333}

>>> models.Book.objects.aggregate(average_price=Avg('price'))
{'average_price': 13.233333}

>>> models.Book.objects.all().aggregate(Avg("price"), Max("price"), Min("price"))
{'price__avg': 13.233333, 'price__max': Decimal('19.90'), 'price__min': Decimal('9.90')}

>>> book_list = models.Book.objects.all().annotate(author_num=Count("author"))
>>> for obj in book_list:
...     print(obj.author_num)
...
1

>>> publisher_list = models.Publisher.objects.annotate(min_price=Min("book__price"))
>>> for obj in publisher_list:
...     print(obj.min_price)
...
9.90
19.90

>>> models.Book.objects.values("publisher__name").annotate(min_price=Min("price"))
<QuerySet [{'publisher__name': '沙河出版社', 'min_price': Decimal('9.90')}, {'publisher__name': '人民出版社', 'min_price': Decimal('19.90')}]>

>>> models.Book.objects.annotate(author_num=Count("author")).filter(author_num__gt=1)
<QuerySet [<Book: 番茄物语>]>

>>> models.Book.objects.annotate(author_num=Count("author")).order_by("author_num")
<QuerySet [<Book: 香蕉物语>, <Book: 橘子物语>, <Book: 番茄物语>]>

>>> models.Author.objects.annotate(sum_price=Sum("book__price")).values("name", "sum_price")
<QuerySet [{'name': '小精灵', 'sum_price': Decimal('9.90')}, {'name': '小仙女', 'sum_price': Decimal('29.80')}, {'name': '小魔女', 'sum_price': Decimal('9.90')}]>

from django.db.models import F
models.Book.objects.filter(commnet_num__lt=F('keep_num'))

models.Book.objects.filter(commnet_num__lt=F('keep_num')*2)

models.Book.objects.all().update(price=F("price")+30)

>>> from django.db.models.functions import Concat
>>> from django.db.models import Value
>>> models.Book.objects.all().update(title=Concat(F("title"), Value("("), Value("第一版"), Value(")")))

models.Book.objects.filter(Q(authors__name="小仙女")|Q(authors__name="小魔女"))

>>> models.Book.objects.filter(Q(author__name="小仙女") & ~Q(publish_date__year=2018)).values_list("title")
<QuerySet [('番茄物语',)]>

>>> models.Book.objects.filter(Q(publish_date__year=2018) | Q(publish_date__year=2017), title__icontains="物语")
<QuerySet [<Book: 番茄物语>, <Book: 香蕉物语>, <Book: 橘子物语>]>

import osif __name__ == '__main__':os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "BMS.settings")import djangodjango.setup()import datetimefrom app01 import modelstry:from django.db import transactionwith transaction.atomic():new_publisher = models.Publisher.objects.create(name="火星出版社")models.Book.objects.create(title="橘子物语", publish_date=datetime.date.today(), publisher_id=10)  # 指定一个不存在的出版社idexcept Exception as e:print(str(e))

# extra
# 在QuerySet的基础上继续执行子语句
# extra(self, select=None, where=None, params=None, tables=None, order_by=None, select_params=None)# select和select_params是一组，where和params是一组，tables用来设置from哪个表
# Entry.objects.extra(select={'new_id': "select col from sometable where othercol > %s"}, select_params=(1,))
# Entry.objects.extra(where=['headline=%s'], params=['Lennon'])
# Entry.objects.extra(where=["foo='a' OR bar = 'a'", "baz = 'a'"])
# Entry.objects.extra(select={'new_id': "select id from tb where id > %s"}, select_params=(1,), order_by=['-nid'])

举个例子：
models.UserInfo.objects.extra(select={'newid':'select count(1) from app01_usertype where id>%s'},select_params=[1,],where = ['age>%s'],params=[18,],order_by=['-age'],tables=['app01_usertype'])"""select app01_userinfo.id,(select count(1) from app01_usertype where id>1) as newidfrom app01_userinfo,app01_usertypewhere app01_userinfo.age > 18order by app01_userinfo.age desc"""# 执行原生SQL
# 更高灵活度的方式执行原生SQL语句
# from django.db import connection, connections
# cursor = connection.cursor()  # cursor = connections['default'].cursor()
# cursor.execute("""SELECT * from auth_user where id = %s""", [1])
# row = cursor.fetchone()

ORM 执行原生SQL的方法

LOGGING = {'version': 1,'disable_existing_loggers': False,'handlers': {'console':{'level':'DEBUG','class':'logging.StreamHandler',},},'loggers': {'django.db.backends': {'handlers': ['console'],'propagate': True,'level':'DEBUG',},}
}

import osif __name__ == '__main__':os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "BMS.settings")import djangodjango.setup()from app01 import modelsbooks = models.Book.objects.all()print(books)