问题: Connotative meaning is not the same to everybody, every situation and every time, analyze the statement?

答案: e.g. A child is prejudiced against, often jeered at, beaten or scolded at home, then home to his is nothing but ? a hell?, hence unfavourable connotatitions,

问题: 某些贬义词是不是任何时候都是贬义词？

答案：e.g. A phrase like ?son of a bitch? which normally has an associative meaning of crude vulgarity may convey the connotation of ?friendliness? and ?intimacy? used between two close friends when they meet after some prolonged period of time.

问题:Stylistic meaning 根据字典上的划分有几种划分?根据The Five Clocks 划分,有几种划分?

答案:In some dictionaries, stylistic features are clearly marked as ?formal?, ?informal?, ?literary?, ?archaic?, slang?.

Martin Joos in his book The Five Clocks suggests five degrees of formality: ?frozen?, ?formal?, ?consultative?, ?casual? and ?intimate?.

问题:在日常生活中,人们把文体只简单地划分为哪三类?

答案:1)formal 2)neutral 3) informal

注意:要把书中89页中例子[22][23]分析要记好.

在情感意义affective meaning, 考试往往要落脚在affective meaning 的两个分类:(年年affective meaning 例子都考)

(1) appreciative meaning

(2) pejorative meaning

Collocative meaning 中的例子要记好: pretty , handsome

Green 搭配的例子记好: green on the job, green fruit , green with envy , green-eyed monster.

复习:

问题: Blackmail 从发音的角度被划分成什么词,从理据的角度被划分成什么词?

答案:Complex

Morphological motivation

问题: 有reference 的词必然具有sense and concept ( 正确)

有sense 的词一定具有reference.(错误)

The word which have meaning does not have necessarily reference.

问题: ?Forget, forgot, forgetting , forgotten , forgets?这是从哪一个角度来界定这个词的分支? 答案: Grammatical meaning

问题: …frozen, …formal? , …consultative?, …casual? and …intimate? 这五个词是总结了什么的划分，是根据什么的划分?

答案: stylistic meaning , 是根据The Five Clocks written by Martin Joos.

问题:But in daily life , we always refer to (formal), (neutral) , (informal).

问题: ?Pretty boy, pretty woman , pretty garden, pretty garden , pretty car?，请解释这些词的意义一样不一样？如果不一样请加以理论分析？

答案:Collocative meaning, when pretty is used to modify different nouns both animate and inanimate , their collocative meaning are totally different.

问题：Table tennis can be replaced by pingpong ball and the name of the bird is also called cuckoo , which can also be reused to refer to the sound of the bird , so their two words are (onomatopoeically) motivated.

问题：?Unexpected, expectation, expecting?, the se three words are (morphologically) motivated.