➤01 3D plot

1.基本语法

在安装matplotlib之后，自动安装有 mpl_toolkits.mplot3d。

#Importing Libraries
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import axes3d#3D Plotting
fig = plt.figure()
ax = plt.axes(projection="3d")#Labeling
ax.set_xlabel('X Axes')
ax.set_ylabel('Y Axes')
ax.set_zlabel('Z Axes')plt.show()

2.Python Cmd

使用pythoncmd 插入相应的语句。

3.举例

(1) Ex1

#!/usr/local/bin/python
# -*- coding: gbk -*-
#============================================================
# TEST2.PY                     -- by Dr. ZhuoQing 2020-11-16
#
# Note:
#============================================================from headm import *
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import axes3dax = plt.axes(projection='3d')
x = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
y = [2,3,4,6,7,8,9,5,1]
z = [5,6,2,4,8,6,5,6,1]ax.plot3D(x,y,z)
ax.set_xlabel('X Axes')
ax.set_ylabel('Y Axes')
ax.set_zlabel('Z Axes')plt.show()#------------------------------------------------------------
#        END OF FILE : TEST2.PY
#============================================================

^{▲ 3D plot的演示}

(2) Ex2

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import axes3dax = plt.axes(projection='3d')angle = linspace(0, 2*pi*5, 400)
x = cos(angle)
y = sin(angle)
z = linspace(0, 5, 400)ax.plot3D(x,y,z)
ax.set_xlabel('X Axes')
ax.set_ylabel('Y Axes')
ax.set_zlabel('Z Axes')plt.show()

^{▲ 3D绘制的例子}

(3) Ex3

import matplotlib as mpl
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as pltmpl.rcParams['legend.fontsize'] = 10fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.gca(projection='3d')
theta = np.linspace(-4 * np.pi, 4 * np.pi, 100)
z = np.linspace(-2, 2, 100)
r = z**2 + 1
x = r * np.sin(theta)
y = r * np.cos(theta)
ax.plot(x, y, z, label='parametric curve')
ax.legend()plt.show()

➤02 绘制Scatter

利用和上面的相同的绘制命令，将原来的plot3D修改成为 scatter即可。

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import axes3dax = plt.axes(projection='3d')angle = linspace(0, 2*pi*5, 40)
x = cos(angle)
y = sin(angle)
z = linspace(0, 5, 40)ax.scatter(x,y,z, color='b')
ax.set_xlabel('X Axes')
ax.set_ylabel('Y Axes')
ax.set_zlabel('Z Axes')plt.show()

^{▲ Scatter 的例子}

➤03 绘制3D Surface

(1) Ex1

^{▲ 3D surface例子}

#!/usr/local/bin/python
# -*- coding: gbk -*-
#============================================================
# TEST2.PY                     -- by Dr. ZhuoQing 2020-11-16
#
# Note:
#============================================================from headm import *
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import axes3dax = plt.axes(projection='3d')x = arange(-5, 5, 0.1)
y = arange(-5, 5, 0.1)
x,y = meshgrid(x, y)
R = sqrt(x**2+y**2)
z = sin(R)ax.plot_surface(x, y, z)
ax.set_xlabel('X Axes')
ax.set_ylabel('Y Axes')
ax.set_zlabel('Z Axes')plt.show()#------------------------------------------------------------
#        END OF FILE : TEST2.PY
#============================================================

^{▲ 3D 绘制Surface}
^{▲ 绘制3D球表面}

(2) 举例

'''
======================
3D surface (color map)
======================Demonstrates plotting a 3D surface colored with the coolwarm color map.
The surface is made opaque by using antialiased=False.Also demonstrates using the LinearLocator and custom formatting for the
z axis tick labels.
'''from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import cm
from matplotlib.ticker import LinearLocator, FormatStrFormatter
import numpy as npfig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.gca(projection='3d')# Make data.
X = np.arange(-5, 5, 0.25)
Y = np.arange(-5, 5, 0.25)
X, Y = np.meshgrid(X, Y)
R = np.sqrt(X**2 + Y**2)
Z = np.sin(R)# Plot the surface.
surf = ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z, cmap=cm.coolwarm,linewidth=0, antialiased=False)# Customize the z axis.
ax.set_zlim(-1.01, 1.01)
ax.zaxis.set_major_locator(LinearLocator(10))
ax.zaxis.set_major_formatter(FormatStrFormatter('%.02f'))# Add a color bar which maps values to colors.
fig.colorbar(surf, shrink=0.5, aspect=5)plt.show()

^{▲ 彩色表面绘制}

➤04 绘制contour

#!/usr/local/bin/python
# -*- coding: gbk -*-
#============================================================
# TESTCONTOUR.PY               -- by Dr. ZhuoQing 2020-11-16
#
# Note:
#============================================================from headm import *delta = 0.025
x = arange(-3.0, 3.0, delta)
y = arange(-2.0, 2.0, delta)
X,Y = meshgrid(x,y)
Z1 = exp(-X**2-Y**2)
X2 = exp(-(X-1)**2-(Y-1)**2)Z=(Z1-X2)*2CS=plt.contour(X,Y,Z)
plt.xlabel("X")
plt.ylabel("Y")
plt.grid(True)
plt.clabel(CS, inline=1, fontsize=8)
plt.title("Simplest default with labels")
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()#------------------------------------------------------------
#        END OF FILE : TESTCONTOUR.PY
#============================================================

1.Ex1

z(x,y)=e−x2−y2−e−(x−1)2−(y−1)2z\left( {x,y} \right) = e^{ - x^2 - y^2 } - e^{ - \left( {x - 1} \right)^2 - \left( {y - 1} \right)^2 }z(x,y)=e−x2−y2−e−(x−1)2−(y−1)2

^{▲ 绘制的contour例子}

2.Ex2

delta = 0.025
x = arange(-3.0, 3.0, delta)
y = arange(-2.0, 2.0, delta)
X,Y = meshgrid(x,y)
Z1 = exp(-(X+1)**2-(Y+0.5)**2)
Z2 = exp(-(X-1)**2-(Y-0.5)**2)Z=(Z1-Z2)*2

Z(x,y)=e−(x+1)2−(y+0.5)2−e−(x−1)2−(y−0.5)2Z\left( {x,y} \right) = e^{ - \left( {x + 1} \right)^2 - \left( {y + 0.5} \right)^2 } - e^{ - \left( {x - 1} \right)^2 - \left( {y - 0.5} \right)^2 }Z(x,y)=e−(x+1)2−(y+0.5)2−e−(x−1)2−(y−0.5)2

^{▲ 函数轮廓}

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import axes3d
from matplotlib import cmax = plt.axes(projection='3d')
ax.set_xlabel('X Axes')
ax.set_ylabel('Y Axes')
ax.set_zlabel('Z Axes')delta = 0.025
x = arange(-3.0, 3.0, delta)
y = arange(-2.0, 2.0, delta)
X,Y = meshgrid(x,y)
Z1 = exp(-(X+1)**2-(Y+0.5)**2)
Z2 = exp(-(X-1)**2-(Y-0.5)**2)Z=(Z1-Z2)*2#CS=plt.plot_surface(X,Y,Z, camp=cm.coolwarm)
ax.plot_surface(X,Y,Z, cmap=cm.coolwarm)plt.show()

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Python 中的3Dplot

➤01 3D plot

1.基本语法

2.Python Cmd

3.举例

(1) Ex1

(2) Ex2

(3) Ex3

➤02 绘制Scatter

➤03 绘制3D Surface

(1) Ex1

(2) 举例

➤04 绘制contour

1.Ex1

2.Ex2

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