一、旧式的字符串格式化

% 操作符

参考以下示例：

>>> name = "Eric"

>>> "Hello, %s." % name

"Hello, Eric."

当有多个变量需要插入到字符串中时：

>>> name = "Eric"

>>> age = 74

>>> "Hello, %s. You are %s." % (name, age)

"Hello, Eric. You are 74."

当需要替换的变量进一步增多时，使用 % 操作符格式化字符串会导致代码可读性变得很差：

>>> first_name = "Eric"

>>> last_name = "Idle"

>>> age = 74

>>> profession = "comedian"

>>> affiliation = "Monty Python"

>>> "Hello, %s %s. You are %s. You are a %s. You were a member of %s." % (first_name, last_name, age, profession, affiliation)

"Hello, Eric Idle. You are 74. You are a comedian. You were a member of Monty Python."

str.format()

str.format() 是对 % 方式的改进，它使用常见的函数调用的语法，并且可以通过定义对象本身的 __format__() 方法控制字符串格式化的具体行为。

基本用法：

>>> name = "Eric"

>>> age = 74

>>> "Hello, {}. You are {}.".format(name, age)

"Hello, Eric. You are 74."

str.format() 相对于 % 操作符有着更强的灵活性。比如可以通过数字索引来关联替换到字符串中的变量：

>>> name = "Eric"

>>> age = 74

>>> "Hello, {1}. You are {0}.".format(age, name)

"Hello, Eric. You are 74."

为了提高代码可读性， {} 中也可以使用有具体含义的参数名：

>>> name = "Eric"

>>> age = 74

>>> "Hello, {name}. You are {age}".format(name=name, age=age)

"Hello, Eric. You are 74"

针对字典结构的数据：

>>> person = {"name": "Eric", "age": 74}

>>> "Hello, {name}. You are {age}.".format(name=person["name"], age=person["age"])

"Hello, Eric. You are 74."

或者更简洁的方式：

>>> person = {"name": "Eric", "age": 74}

>>> "Hello, {name}. You are {age}.".format(**person)

"Hello, Eric. You are 74."

问题在于当需要替换的变量很多时， str.format() 方式依然会导致代码变得过于冗长：

>>> first_name = "Eric"

>>> last_name = "Idle"

>>> age = 74

>>> profession = "comedian"

>>> affiliation = "Monty Python"

>>> "Hello, {first_name} {last_name}. You are {age}.

You are a {profession}. You were a member of {affiliation}."

.format(first_name=first_name, last_name=last_name, age=age,

profession=profession, affiliation=affiliation)

"Hello, Eric Idle. You are 74. You are a comedian. You were a member of Monty Python."

二、f-string

基本用法

>>> name = "Eric"

>>> age = 74

>>> f"Hello, {name}. You are {age}."

"Hello, Eric. You are 74."

嵌入表达式

>>> f"{2 * 37}"

"74"

>>> def to_lowercase(input):

... return input.lower()

>>> name = "Eric Idle"

>>> f"{to_lowercase(name)} is funny"

"eric idle is funny"

>>> f"{name.lower()} is funny"

"eric idle is funny"

f-string 中还可以直接嵌入某个对象实例，只要其内部实现了 __str__ 或者 __repr__ 方法：

class Comedian:

def __init__(self, first_name, last_name, age):

self.first_name = first_name

self.last_name = last_name

self.age = age

def __str__(self):

return f"{self.first_name} {self.last_name} is {self.age}"

new_comedian = Comedian("Eric", "Idle", 74)

print(f"{new_comedian}")

# Eric Idle is 74

多行 f-string

>>> name = "Eric"

>>> profession = "comedian"

>>> affiliation = "Monty Python"

>>> message = (

... f"Hi {name}. "

... f"You are a {profession}. "

... f"You were in {affiliation}."

... )

>>> message

"Hi Eric. You are a comedian. You were in Monty Python."

总结

以上所述是小编给大家介绍的Python3 中的字符串格式化语法，希望对大家有所帮助，如果大家有任何疑问请给我留言，小编会及时回复大家的。在此也非常感谢大家对云海天教程网站的支持！

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