关于Zabbix和MySQL安装就不在说明，请自行参考相关文档

复制官方MySQL监控的userparameter到安装目录，我这里是采用的3.4.1源码安装，安装目录在/usr/local/zabbix目录，如果你是rpm包安装请自行寻找文件和目录

cp zabbix-3.4.1/conf/zabbix_agentd/userparameter_mysql.conf /usr/local/zabbix/etc/zabbix_agentd.conf.d/

使用root用户登录到MySQL并授权一个专门监控使用的用户，当然也可以直接使用root，但不安全推荐使用普通用户，并且指定需要的权限即可

#登录数据库
mysql -uroot -p
#下面是需要在数据库里面执行的命令，为了安装请不要指定all权限，也不要指定所有库，并且需要有一个安全的密码
grant all on *.* to "username"@"localhost" identified by "USER_PASSWORD";

编辑/usr/local/zabbix/etc/zabbix_agentd.conf.d/userparameter_mysql.conf

[root@db ~]# cat /usr/local/zabbix/etc/zabbix_agentd.conf.d/userparameter_mysql.conf
# For all the following commands HOME should be set to the directory that has .my.cnf file with password information.# Flexible parameter to grab global variables. On the frontend side, use keys like mysql.status[Com_insert].
# Key syntax is mysql.status[variable].
UserParameter=mysql.status[*],echo "show global status where Variable_name='$1';" | HOME=/var/lib/zabbix mysql -N | awk '{print $$2}'# Flexible parameter to determine database or table size. On the frontend side, use keys like mysql.size[zabbix,history,data].
# Key syntax is mysql.size[<database>,<table>,<type>].
# Database may be a database name or "all". Default is "all".
# Table may be a table name or "all". Default is "all".
# Type may be "data", "index", "free" or "both". Both is a sum of data and index. Default is "both".
# Database is mandatory if a table is specified. Type may be specified always.
# Returns value in bytes.
# 'sum' on data_length or index_length alone needed when we are getting this information for whole database instead of a single table
UserParameter=mysql.size[*],bash -c 'echo "select sum($(case "$3" in both|"") echo "data_length+index_length";; data|index) echo "$3_length";; free) echo "data_free";; esac)) from information_schema.tables$([[ "$1" = "all" || ! "$1" ]] || echo " where table_schema=\"$1\"")$([[ "$2" = "all" || ! "$2" ]] || echo "and table_name=\"$2\"");" | HOME=/var/lib/zabbix mysql -N'UserParameter=mysql.ping,HOME=/var/lib/zabbix mysqladmin ping | grep -c alive
UserParameter=mysql.version,mysql -V

需要更改的地方：

1. 如果你的zabbix不是yum安装，那么需要更改HOME后面的变量为zabbix配置文件所在目录，如：/usr/local/zabbix/etc

2. 如果你的MySQL不是yum安装，那么需要添加MySQL的可执行文件到环境变量，或者更改为绝对路径

3. 更改默认MySQL访问的用户名

4. 也可以添加自定义Key

更改后的内容如下：（根据自己需求）

[root@db ~]# cat /usr/local/zabbix/etc/zabbix_agentd.conf.d/userparameter_mysql.conf
# For all the following commands HOME should be set to the directory that has .my.cnf file with password information.# Flexible parameter to grab global variables. On the frontend side, use keys like mysql.status[Com_insert].
# Key syntax is mysql.status[variable].
UserParameter=mysql.status[*],echo "show global status where Variable_name='$1';" | HOME=/usr/local/zabbix/etc mysql -uzabbix -N | awk '{print $$2}'# Flexible parameter to determine database or table size. On the frontend side, use keys like mysql.size[zabbix,history,data].
# Key syntax is mysql.size[<database>,<table>,<type>].
# Database may be a database name or "all". Default is "all".
# Table may be a table name or "all". Default is "all".
# Type may be "data", "index", "free" or "both". Both is a sum of data and index. Default is "both".
# Database is mandatory if a table is specified. Type may be specified always.
# Returns value in bytes.
# 'sum' on data_length or index_length alone needed when we are getting this information for whole database instead of a single table
UserParameter=mysql.size[*],bash -c 'echo "select sum($(case "$3" in both|"") echo "data_length+index_length";; data|index) echo "$3_length";; free) echo "data_free";; esac)) from information_schema.tables$([[ "$1" = "all" || ! "$1" ]] || echo " where table_schema=\"$1\"")$([[ "$2" = "all" || ! "$2" ]] || echo "and table_name=\"$2\"");" | HOME=/usr/local/zabbix/etc mysql -uzabbix -N'UserParameter=mysql.ping,HOME=/usr/local/zabbix/etc mysqladmin -uzabbix ping | grep -c aliveUserParameter=mysql.version,mysql -V#下面是自己新增的Key
UserParameter=mysql.variables[*],HOME=/usr/local/zabbix/etc mysql -uzabbix -e "show variables like '$1';" | tail -n 1 | awk '{print $$2}'

在配置文件指定的HOME目录创建指定的.my.cnf配置文件，主要定义连接MySQL的信息

[root@db ~]# vim /usr/local/zabbix/etc/.my.cnf [mysql]
host=localhost
user=zabbix
password=slf8gadffdasdPRW
port=3387[mysqladmin]
host=localhost
user=zabbix
password=slf8gadffdasdPRW
port=3387

修改zabbix_agentd配置文件，最文件最后增加一行，如果是yum安装，请根据需求更改

Include=/usr/local/zabbix/etc/zabbix_agentd.conf.d/

重启zabbix agent

/etc/init.d/zabbix_agentd restart

在zabbix监控平台对应的主机添加自带的MySQL监控模板，最一可以就可看监控数据，如果没有数据请根据报错自行解决，大致会碰到以下一些问题

1. userparameter配置文件修改错误，比如：指定的用户不对，路径不对

2. 授权数据库用户权限不对，无法获取数据

3. .my.cnf配置文件错误或者路径错误

4. zabbix_agentd配置文件没有包含userparameter_mysql.conf配置文件

监控效果图如下：

最后我们新增一个自定义的监控，因为我们有一个自定义Key，如下图所示，我们的Key为mysql.variables[variables_name]，需要传一个参数，这个参数就相当于show variables like "variables_name";，用于获取指定variables的值，比如：connect_timeout

注意更改间隔，时间间隔根据自己需求更改

最后我们可以根据上一个自定义监控，写一个关于show status;的监控，都没有问题，或者更复杂的一个业务监控，关于zabbix自定义监控还需要读者查阅更多相关文档