Zabbix的服务端与客户端的安装这里不再赘述了，前面也有相应的文章介绍过了，感兴趣的伙伴们可以看看历史文章就可以了，今天主要介绍下如何利用zabbix自带的模板来监控MySQL服务的一些状态，同时通过图形化界面直观看出MYSQL服务各个时间段的运行情况。

01配置Zabbix_agent客户端

cd /etc/zabbix/
vim zabbix_agentd.conf
UserParameter=mysql.status[*],/etc/zabbix/chkmysql.sh$1
UserParameter=mysql.ping,netstat-ntpl|grep 3306 |grep mysql |wc |awk '{print $1}'
UserParameter=mysql.version,mysql –V
###在配置文件最后一行新增上述配置即可

重启服务

/etc/init.d/zabbix_agent restart

注：chkmysql.sh脚本内容这里就不贴上来了，如果有需要的可以一起讨论下，每个人写的思路都不一样

02服务端测试配置

服务器端利用自带的命令zabbix_get测试是否获取到数据

[root@zabbix-server zabbix]# zabbix_get -s mysql-slave -k mysql.status[Uptime]
720757
[root@zabbix-server zabbix]# zabbix_get -s mysql-slave -k mysql.status[Bytes_sent]
1431240816

如果能正确并获取到相关的数据，表明配置是正确的，接下来就是要登陆WEB界面进行其它配置。

03WEB界面配置

WEB界面配置其实就分为以下四大步骤
1、创建主机，关联模板
打开WEB，配置——主机——创建主机（如下图）

填写主机名称（主机名称是就客户端主机名与可见名称可以相同），选择组、填写客户端地址，然后选择模板（如下图）

完成配置后，在主机项下面就可以看到下图所示

如果配置完成后，在主机界面看到有报错信息，需要调整下客户端相关的命令权限，操作如下 chmod +s /bin/netstat
此配置就是使普通用户执行特权命令，或者说给个某个命令、程序或服务、脚本以suid权限

2、配置监控项
3、配置触发器
由于使用自带的模板，监控项与触发器都已默认配置好了，需要修改的可以按需求修改
4、创建图形展示界面
创建图形如下图

点击创建好的图形——编辑，选择相对应项的监控项即可完成配置

04最终图形界面展示

zabbix监控数据库-shell脚本

1、在zabbix-agent端添加键值

vim /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.d/mystat.confUserParameter=mystat[*],/server/scripts/chk_mysql.sh '$1'　　# 键值是mystat[]

2、服务端命令行测试键值

[root@zabbix ~]# zabbix_get -s 172.16.1.51 -k mystat[Uptime]
496

3、编写脚本

[root@db01 log]# cat /server/scripts/chk_mysql.sh#!/bin/bash
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# FileName:    check_mysql.sh
# Revision:    1.0
# Date:        2018/01/31
# Author:      chunk
# Email:
# Website:
# Description:
# Notes:       ~
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Copyright:
# License:     GPL用户名
MYSQL_USER='root'密码
MYSQL_PWD='oldboy123'主机地址/IP
MYSQL_HOST='10.0.0.51'端口
MYSQL_PORT='3306'数据连接
MYSQL_CONN="/usr/bin/mysqladmin -u${MYSQL_USER} -p${MYSQL_PWD} -h${MYSQL_HOST} -P${MYSQL_PORT}"参数是否正确
if [ $# -ne "1" ];then echo "arg error!"
fi 获取数据
case $1 in Uptime) result=`${MYSQL_CONN} status|cut -f2 -d":"|cut -f1 -d"T"` echo $result ;; Com_update) result=`${MYSQL_CONN} extended-status |grep -w "Com_update"|cut -d"|" -f3` echo $result ;; Slow_queries) result=`${MYSQL_CONN} status |cut -f5 -d":"|cut -f1 -d"O"` echo $result ;; Com_select) result=`${MYSQL_CONN} extended-status |grep -w "Com_select"|cut -d"|" -f3` echo $result ;; Com_rollback) result=`${MYSQL_CONN} extended-status |grep -w "Com_rollback"|cut -d"|" -f3` echo $result ;; Questions) result=`${MYSQL_CONN} status|cut -f4 -d":"|cut -f1 -d"S"` echo $result ;; Com_insert) result=`${MYSQL_CONN} extended-status |grep -w "Com_insert"|cut -d"|" -f3` echo $result ;; Com_delete) result=`${MYSQL_CONN} extended-status |grep -w "Com_delete"|cut -d"|" -f3` echo $result ;; Com_commit) result=`${MYSQL_CONN} extended-status |grep -w "Com_commit"|cut -d"|" -f3` echo $result ;; Bytes_sent) result=`${MYSQL_CONN} extended-status |grep -w "Bytes_sent" |cut -d"|" -f3` echo $result ;; Bytes_received) result=`${MYSQL_CONN} extended-status |grep -w "Bytes_received" |cut -d"|" -f3` echo $result ;; Com_begin) result=`${MYSQL_CONN} extended-status |grep -w "Com_begin"|cut -d"|" -f3` echo $result ;; *) echo "Usage:$0(Uptime|Com_update|Slow_queries|Com_select|Com_rollback|Questions|Com_insert|Com_delete|Com_commit|Bytes_sent|Bytes_received|Com_begin)" ;;
esac

4、web页面操作添加监控项
二, 判断端口是否存活,
1,方法:一:映射值:
2 ,方法不用值映射
创建触发器

还可以添加远程命令 mysql挂了重启,重启不成功,发送邮件

前提,要改客户端2个配置文件

zabbix-agent配置文件中开启远程命令

EnableRemoteCommands=1

visudo 中添加zabbix用户免密
之前测试这样写成功启动myslq ,启动nginx就失败不知道怎么回事

visudo
## Same thing without a password
#%wheel ALL=(ALL)       NOPASSWD: ALL
zabbix  ALL=(ALL)       NOPASSWD: ALL

停止nginx,没有远程执行命令

[root@web01 ~]# systemctl stop nginx

查看日志

Jan 12 04:03:42 web01 sudo: pam_unix(sudo:auth): conversation failed
Jan 12 04:03:42 web01 sudo: pam_unix(sudo:auth): auth could not identify password for [zabbix]
Jan 12 04:03:42 web01 sudo: pam_succeed_if(sudo:auth): requirement "uid >= 1000" not met by user "zabbix"

后来改了visudo文件

[root@web01 ~]# visudo
## Same thing without a password
#%wheel ALL=(ALL)       NOPASSWD: ALL
zabbix ALL=NOPASSWD: ALL查看日志,远程支持命令成功
[root@web01 ~]# tail -f /var/log/secure
ticationAgent, locale en_US.UTF-8) (disconnected from bus)Jan 12 15:04:26 web01 sudo: zabbix : TTY=unknown ; PWD=/ ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/bin/systemctl restart nginx.service

配置远程命令
此时数据库stop 会zabbix会远程重启数据库, 重启不成功会发邮件提醒

文章转载：https://www.cnblogs.com/john5yang/p/10252685.html

zabbix4.0 之mysql优化(Zabbix分区表)

zabbix最大的瓶颈不在zabbix服务，而是mysql数据库的压力上，优化mysql其实就是优化zabbix的配置了。
zabbix数据库常见的优化处理方法有两种：

清空数据库中history,history_uint,trends_uint中的数据（这种方式非常耗费时间）。
使用MySQL表分区来对history这种大表进行分区，但是一定要在数据量小的时候进行分区，当数据量达到好几十G设置几百G了还是采用第一种方法把数据清理了再作表分区。

分表操作如下：

1. 查看表占用空间情况

select table_name, (data_length+index_length)/1024/1024 as total_mb, table_rows from information_schema.tables where table_schema='zabbix';

2.Zabbix大表：history，history_log，history_str，history_text，history_uint，trends，trends_uint

共有四个存储过程

partition_create - 这将在给定模式中的给定表上创建一个分区。
partition_drop - 这将删除给定模式中给定表上给定时间戳的分区。
partition_maintenance - 此功能是用户调用的。它负责解析给定的参数，然后根据需要创建/删除分区。
partition_verify - 检查给定模式中给定表上是否启用了分区。如果没有启用，它将创建一个单独的分区。

具体的脚本如下：

DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_create`(SCHEMANAME varchar(64), TABLENAME varchar(64), PARTITIONNAME varchar(64), CLOCK int)
BEGIN/*SCHEMANAME = The DB schema in which to make changesTABLENAME = The table with partitions to potentially deletePARTITIONNAME = The name of the partition to create*//*Verify that the partition does not already exist*/DECLARE RETROWS INT;SELECT COUNT(1) INTO RETROWSFROM information_schema.partitionsWHERE table_schema = SCHEMANAME AND table_name = TABLENAME AND partition_description >= CLOCK;IF RETROWS = 0 THEN/*1. Print a message indicating that a partition was created.2. Create the SQL to create the partition.3. Execute the SQL from #2.*/SELECT CONCAT( "partition_create(", SCHEMANAME, ",", TABLENAME, ",", PARTITIONNAME, ",", CLOCK, ")" ) AS msg;SET @sql = CONCAT( 'ALTER TABLE ', SCHEMANAME, '.', TABLENAME, ' ADD PARTITION (PARTITION ', PARTITIONNAME, ' VALUES LESS THAN (', CLOCK, '));' );PREPARE STMT FROM @sql;EXECUTE STMT;DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT;END IF;
END$$
DELIMITER ;
DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_drop`(SCHEMANAME VARCHAR(64), TABLENAME VARCHAR(64), DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE BIGINT)
BEGIN/*SCHEMANAME = The DB schema in which to make changesTABLENAME = The table with partitions to potentially deleteDELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE = Delete any partitions with names that are dates older than this one (yyyy-mm-dd)*/DECLARE done INT DEFAULT FALSE;DECLARE drop_part_name VARCHAR(16);/*Get a list of all the partitions that are older than the datein DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE.  All partitions are prefixed witha "p", so use SUBSTRING TO get rid of that character.*/DECLARE myCursor CURSOR FORSELECT partition_nameFROM information_schema.partitionsWHERE table_schema = SCHEMANAME AND table_name = TABLENAME AND CAST(SUBSTRING(partition_name FROM 2) AS UNSIGNED) < DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE;DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND SET done = TRUE;/*Create the basics for when we need to drop the partition.  Also, create@drop_partitions to hold a comma-delimited list of all partitions thatshould be deleted.*/SET @alter_header = CONCAT("ALTER TABLE ", SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME, " DROP PARTITION ");SET @drop_partitions = "";/*Start looping through all the partitions that are too old.*/OPEN myCursor;read_loop: LOOPFETCH myCursor INTO drop_part_name;IF done THENLEAVE read_loop;END IF;SET @drop_partitions = IF(@drop_partitions = "", drop_part_name, CONCAT(@drop_partitions, ",", drop_part_name));END LOOP;IF @drop_partitions != "" THEN/*1. Build the SQL to drop all the necessary partitions.2. Run the SQL to drop the partitions.3. Print out the table partitions that were deleted.*/SET @full_sql = CONCAT(@alter_header, @drop_partitions, ";");PREPARE STMT FROM @full_sql;EXECUTE STMT;DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT;SELECT CONCAT(SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME) AS `table`, @drop_partitions AS `partitions_deleted`;ELSE/*No partitions are being deleted, so print out "N/A" (Not applicable) to indicatethat no changes were made.*/SELECT CONCAT(SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME) AS `table`, "N/A" AS `partitions_deleted`;END IF;
END$$
DELIMITER ;
DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_maintenance`(SCHEMA_NAME VARCHAR(32), TABLE_NAME VARCHAR(32), KEEP_DATA_DAYS INT, HOURLY_INTERVAL INT, CREATE_NEXT_INTERVALS INT)
BEGINDECLARE OLDER_THAN_PARTITION_DATE VARCHAR(16);DECLARE PARTITION_NAME VARCHAR(16);DECLARE OLD_PARTITION_NAME VARCHAR(16);DECLARE LESS_THAN_TIMESTAMP INT;DECLARE CUR_TIME INT;CALL partition_verify(SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME, HOURLY_INTERVAL);SET CUR_TIME = UNIX_TIMESTAMP(DATE_FORMAT(NOW(), '%Y-%m-%d 00:00:00'));SET @__interval = 1;create_loop: LOOPIF @__interval > CREATE_NEXT_INTERVALS THENLEAVE create_loop;END IF;SET LESS_THAN_TIMESTAMP = CUR_TIME + (HOURLY_INTERVAL * @__interval * 3600);SET PARTITION_NAME = FROM_UNIXTIME(CUR_TIME + HOURLY_INTERVAL * (@__interval - 1) * 3600, 'p%Y%m%d%H00');IF(PARTITION_NAME != OLD_PARTITION_NAME) THENCALL partition_create(SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME, PARTITION_NAME, LESS_THAN_TIMESTAMP);END IF;SET @__interval=@__interval+1;SET OLD_PARTITION_NAME = PARTITION_NAME;END LOOP;SET OLDER_THAN_PARTITION_DATE=DATE_FORMAT(DATE_SUB(NOW(), INTERVAL KEEP_DATA_DAYS DAY), '%Y%m%d0000');CALL partition_drop(SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME, OLDER_THAN_PARTITION_DATE);END$$
DELIMITER ;
DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_verify`(SCHEMANAME VARCHAR(64), TABLENAME VARCHAR(64), HOURLYINTERVAL INT(11))
BEGINDECLARE PARTITION_NAME VARCHAR(16);DECLARE RETROWS INT(11);DECLARE FUTURE_TIMESTAMP TIMESTAMP;/** Check if any partitions exist for the given SCHEMANAME.TABLENAME.*/SELECT COUNT(1) INTO RETROWSFROM information_schema.partitionsWHERE table_schema = SCHEMANAME AND table_name = TABLENAME AND partition_name IS NULL;/** If partitions do not exist, go ahead and partition the table*/IF RETROWS = 1 THEN/** Take the current date at 00:00:00 and add HOURLYINTERVAL to it.  This is the timestamp below which we will store values.* We begin partitioning based on the beginning of a day.  This is because we don't want to generate a random partition* that won't necessarily fall in line with the desired partition naming (ie: if the hour interval is 24 hours, we could* end up creating a partition now named "p201403270600" when all other partitions will be like "p201403280000").*/SET FUTURE_TIMESTAMP = TIMESTAMPADD(HOUR, HOURLYINTERVAL, CONCAT(CURDATE(), " ", '00:00:00'));SET PARTITION_NAME = DATE_FORMAT(CURDATE(), 'p%Y%m%d%H00');-- Create the partitioning querySET @__PARTITION_SQL = CONCAT("ALTER TABLE ", SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME, " PARTITION BY RANGE(`clock`)");SET @__PARTITION_SQL = CONCAT(@__PARTITION_SQL, "(PARTITION ", PARTITION_NAME, " VALUES LESS THAN (", UNIX_TIMESTAMP(FUTURE_TIMESTAMP), "));");-- Run the partitioning queryPREPARE STMT FROM @__PARTITION_SQL;EXECUTE STMT;DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT;END IF;
END$$
DELIMITER ;DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE`partition_maintenance_all`(SCHEMA_NAME VARCHAR(32))
BEGINCALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history', 90, 24, 14);CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_log', 90, 24, 14);CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_str', 90, 24, 14);CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_text', 90, 24, 14);CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_uint', 90, 24, 14);CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'trends', 730, 24, 14);CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'trends_uint', 730, 24, 14);
END$$
DELIMITER ;

3.上面内容包含了创建分区的存储过程,将上面内容复制到partition.sql中

a.然后执行如下
mysql  -uzabbix -pzabbix zabbix  < partition.sql
b.添加crontable,每天执行01点01分执行，如下：
crontab  -l > crontab.txt
cat >> crontab.txt <<EOF
#zabbix partition_maintenance
01 01 * * *  mysql  -uzabbix -pzabbix zabbix -e"CALL partition_maintenance_all('zabbix')" &>/dev/null
EOF
cat crontab.txt |crontab
注意： mysql的zabbix用户的密码部分按照实际环境配置
c.首先执行一次（由于首次执行的时间较长，请使用nohup执行），如下：
nohup   mysql -uzabbix -pzabbix zabbix -e "CALLpartition_maintenance_all('zabbix')" &> /root/partition.log&

4.查看分区是否成功

1.查看分区情况
mysql> show create table history_uint;
| history_uint | CREATE TABLE `history_uint` (`itemid` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL,`clock` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',`value` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',`ns` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',KEY `history_uint_1` (`itemid`,`clock`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_bin
/*!50100 PARTITION BY RANGE (`clock`)
(PARTITION p201904160000 VALUES LESS THAN (1555430400) ENGINE = InnoDB,PARTITION p201904170000 VALUES LESS THAN (1555516800) ENGINE = InnoDB,PARTITION p201904180000 VALUES LESS THAN (1555603200) ENGINE = InnoDB,PARTITION p201904190000 VALUES LESS THAN (1555689600) ENGINE = InnoDB,PARTITION p201904200000 VALUES LESS THAN (1555776000) ENGINE = InnoDB,PARTITION p201904210000 VALUES LESS THAN (1555862400) ENGINE = InnoDB,PARTITION p201904220000 VALUES LESS THAN (1555948800) ENGINE = InnoDB,PARTITION p201904230000 VALUES LESS THAN (1556035200) ENGINE = InnoDB,PARTITION p201904240000 VALUES LESS THAN (1556121600) ENGINE = InnoDB,PARTITION p201904250000 VALUES LESS THAN (1556208000) ENGINE = InnoDB,PARTITION p201904260000 VALUES LESS THAN (1556294400) ENGINE = InnoDB,PARTITION p201904270000 VALUES LESS THAN (1556380800) ENGINE = InnoDB,PARTITION p201904280000 VALUES LESS THAN (1556467200) ENGINE = InnoDB,PARTITION p201904290000 VALUES LESS THAN (1556553600) ENGINE = InnoDB) */ |
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
2.查看MYSQL目录下的表文件，可以看到经过分区后的表的数据库文件由原来打个ibd文件变成了按照日期划分的多个ibd文件
[root@VM_0_3_centos zabbix]# pwd
/data/mysql/zabbix
[root@VM_0_3_centos zabbix]# ls -lh|grep history_uint
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 8.5K Apr 16 16:16 history_uint.frm
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 124M Apr 16 17:11 history_uint#P#p201904160000.ibd
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 112K Apr 16 16:16 history_uint#P#p201904170000.ibd
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 112K Apr 16 16:16 history_uint#P#p201904180000.ibd
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 112K Apr 16 16:16 history_uint#P#p201904190000.ibd
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 112K Apr 16 16:16 history_uint#P#p201904200000.ibd
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 112K Apr 16 16:16 history_uint#P#p201904210000.ibd
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 112K Apr 16 16:16 history_uint#P#p201904220000.ibd
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 112K Apr 16 16:16 history_uint#P#p201904230000.ibd
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 112K Apr 16 16:16 history_uint#P#p201904240000.ibd
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 112K Apr 16 16:16 history_uint#P#p201904250000.ibd
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 112K Apr 16 16:16 history_uint#P#p201904260000.ibd
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 112K Apr 16 16:16 history_uint#P#p201904270000.ibd
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 112K Apr 16 16:16 history_uint#P#p201904280000.ibd
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 112K Apr 16 16:16 history_uint#P#p201904290000.ibd

5.界面设置，管理----一般----设置—管家

6.mysql优化

a.修改单独表空间

  vi /etc/my.cnf在[mysqld]下设置innodb_file_per_table=1
参考：https://blog.51cto.com/yuweibing/1656425

b.增大innodb_log_file_size的方法
zabbix在使用数据库的过程中，特别是删除历史数据的过程中，会涉及到大数据操作，如果逻辑日志文件太小，会造成执行不成功，日志回滚的问题

编辑my.cnf  ,  增加   innodb_log_file_size=20M

7 问题

运行一段时间后发i西安zabbix server端服务器下面多个agent出现报警:Zabbix agent on zabbix server is unreachable for 5 minutes
查看zabbix server日志如下

 32757:20190430:095456.588 [Z3005] query failed: [1526] Table has no partition for value 1556589295 [insert into history_uint (itemid,clock,ns,value) values (29578,1556589295,330422837,0);
]32757:20190430:095457.602 [Z3005] query failed: [1526] Table has no partition for value 1556589297 [insert into history_uint (itemid,clock,ns,value) values (29274,1556589297,446885606,200),(29270,1556589297,447245729,0),(29457,1556589297,493976343,0),(29517,1556589297,498202149,1);
]32758:20190430:095458.603 [Z3005] query failed: [1526] Table has no partition for value 1556589298 [insert into history_uint (itemid,clock,ns,value) values (29518,1556589298,496847550,154),(29675,1556589298,502218685,200),(29671,1556589298,502513014,0);
]32751:20190430:104927.004 executing housekeeper32751:20190430:104927.018 housekeeper [deleted 0 hist/trends, 0 items/triggers, 0 events, 0 problems, 0 sessions, 0 alarms, 0 audit items in 0.013509 sec, idle for 1 hour(s)]

提示sql插不进去对应的表，，，
query failed: [1526] Table has no partition 没有对应发分区，由于次数据库已经对Histroy,history_log,history_str,History_txt等历史记录表进行了表分区，并添加了计划任务
正常每天都会创建一天，不会出现这样的为你，出现上述日志表明分区表未被创建，所以手动执行一下恢复正常。
检查问题：
计划任务内容写的有问题，没有正常执行，更正即可

参考：
https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1006301
https://www.kancloud.cn/devops-centos/centos-linux-devops/375488
https://zabbix.org/wiki/Docs/howto/MySQL_Table_Partitioning_(variant)

参考链接：
Zabbix自带模板监控MySQL服务：
https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/5cXZvPcMijS4fbz6GtEuPw

zabbix监控mysql : https://www.cnblogs.com/lovelinux199075/p/9015530.html

zabbix监控数据库-shell脚本：https://www.jianshu.com/p/d5c9fe5478c6

zabbix4.0 之mysql优化(Zabbix分区表) ： https://www.jianshu.com/p/b6b5b5377c9b

Zabbix数据库优化（Oracle表分区）：https://www.jianshu.com/p/900eac50c097

mysql分区： https://www.jianshu.com/p/b6b5b5377c9b

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