lis = [56,12,1,8,354,10,100,34,56,7,23,456,234,-58]def sortport():for i in range(len(lis)-1):for j in range(len(lis)-1-i):if lis[j] > lis[j+1]:lis[j],lis[j+1] = lis[j+1],lis[j]return lis

def power(x, n):s = 1while n > 0:n = n - 1s = s * xreturn s

def calc(*numbers):sum = 0for n in numbers:sum = sum + n * nreturn sum

def fac():num = int(input("请输入一个数字: "))factorial = 1# 查看数字是负数，0 或 正数if num < 0:print("抱歉，负数没有阶乘")elif num == 0:print("0 的阶乘为 1")else:for i in range(1, num + 1):factorial = factorial * iprint("%d 的阶乘为 %d" % (num, factorial))

def factorial(n):result = nfor i in range(1, n):result *= ireturn result

def fact(n):if n==1:return 1return n * fact(n - 1)

[d for d in os.listdir('.')]

L = ['Hello', 'World', 'IBM', 'Apple']
[s.lower() for s in L]

def print_dir():filepath = input("请输入一个路径：")if filepath == "":print("请输入正确的路径")else:for i in os.listdir(filepath):       #获取目录中的文件及子目录列表print(os.path.join(filepath,i))  #把路径组合起来print(print_dir())

def show_dir(filepath):for i in os.listdir(filepath):path = (os.path.join(filepath, i))print(path)if os.path.isdir(path):      #isdir()判断是否是目录show_dir(path)             #如果是目录，使用递归方法filepath = "C:\Program Files\Internet Explorer"
show_dir(filepath)

def print_dir(filepath):for i in os.listdir(filepath):path = os.path.join(filepath, i)if os.path.isdir(path):print_dir(path)if path.endswith(".html"):print(path)filepath = "E:\PycharmProjects"
print_dir(filepath)

for i in range(1, 10):for j in range(1, i+1):# print('{}x{}={}\t'.format(j, i, i*j), end='')print('%d x %d = %d \t'%(i, j, i*j),end='')print()

num = ["harden","lampard",3,34,45,56,76,87,78,45,3,3,3,87686,98,76]
# print(num.count(3))
# print(num.index(3))
for i in range(num.count(3)):     #获取3出现的次数ele_index = num.index(3)      #获取首次3出现的坐标num[ele_index]="3a"           #修改3为3print(num)

L = ["James","Meng","Xin"]
for i in range(len(L)):print("Hello,%s"%L[i])

list1 = [2, 3, 8, 4, 9, 5, 6]
list2 = [5, 6, 10, 17, 11, 2]list3 = list1 + list2
print(list3)                # 不去重只进行两个列表的组合
print(set(list3))           # 去重,类型为set需要转换成list
print(list(set(list3)))

import random
list1=[]
for i in range(65,91):list1.append(chr(i))     #通过for循环遍历asii追加到空列表中
for j in range(97,123):list1.append(chr(j))
for k in range(48,58):list1.append(chr(k))
ma = random.sample(list1,6)
print(ma)                    #获取到的为列表
ma = ''.join(ma)             #将列表转化为字符串
print(ma)

import random,string
str1 = "0123456789"
str2 = string.ascii_letters     # string.ascii_letters 包含所有字母（大写或小写）的字符串
str3 = str1+str2
ma1 = random.sample(str3,6)     #多个字符中选取特定数量的字符
ma1 = ''.join(ma1)              #使用join拼接转换为字符串
print(ma1)                      #通过引入string模块和random模块使用现有的方法

#随机数字小游戏
import random
i = 1
a = random.randint(0,100)
b = int( input('请输入0-100中的一个数字\n然后查看是否与电脑一样：'))
while a != b:if a > b:print('你第%d输入的数字小于电脑随机数字'%i)b = int(input('请再次输入数字:'))else:print('你第%d输入的数字大于电脑随机数字'%i)b = int(input('请再次输入数字:'))i+=1
else:print('恭喜你，你第%d次输入的数字与电脑的随机数字%d一样'%(i,b))

num = float(input('请输入一个数字： '))
num_sqrt = num ** 0.5
print(' %0.2f 的平方根为 %0.2f'%(num ,num_sqrt))

def is_number(s):try:float(s)return Trueexcept ValueError:passtry:import unicodedataunicodedata.numeric(s)return Trueexcept (TypeError, ValueError):passreturn False

print(chri.isdigit())       #检测字符串是否只由数字组成
print(chri.isnumeric())     #检测字符串是否只由数字组成，这种方法是只针对unicode对象

num = int(input("输入一个数字: "))
if (num % 2) == 0:print("{0} 是偶数".format(num))
else:print("{0} 是奇数".format(num))

while True:try:num = int(input('输入一个整数：'))    #判断输入是否为整数except ValueError:                      #不是纯数字需要重新输入print("输入的不是整数！")continueif num % 2 == 0:print('偶数')else:print('奇数')break

year = int(input("输入一个年份: "))
if (year % 4) == 0:if (year % 100) == 0:if (year % 400) == 0:print("{0} 是闰年".format(year))   # 整百年能被400整除的是闰年else:print("{0} 不是闰年".format(year))else:print("{0} 是闰年".format(year))       # 非整百年能被4整除的为闰年
else:print("{0} 不是闰年".format(year))

year = int(input("请输入一个年份："))
if (year % 4) == 0 and (year % 100) != 0 or (year % 400) == 0:print("{0}是闰年".format(year))
else:print("{0}不是闰年".format(year))

import calendaryear = int(input("请输入年份："))
check_year=calendar.isleap(year)
if check_year == True:print ("%d是闰年"% year)
else:print ("%d是平年"% year)

N = int(input('输入需要对比大小数字的个数：'))
print("请输入需要对比的数字：")
num = []
for i in range(1,N+1):temp = int(input('输入第 %d 个数字:' % i))num.append (temp)print('您输入的数字为：',num)
print('最大值为：',max(num))

N = int(input('输入需要对比大小数字的个数：\n'))num = [ int(input('请输入第 %d 个对比数字: \n'%i))for i in range(1,N+1)]print('您输入的数字为:',num)
print('最大值为: ',max(num))

# 判断输入的值是否合法
if nterms <= 0:print("请输入一个正整数。")
elif nterms == 1:print("斐波那契数列：")print(n1)
else:print("斐波那契数列：")print(n1, ",", n2, end=" , ")while count < nterms:nth = n1 + n2print(n1+n2, end=" , ")# 更新值n1 = n2n2 = nthcount += 1

# 获取输入十进制数
dec = int(input("输入数字："))print("十进制数为：", dec)
print("转换为二进制为：", bin(dec))
print("转换为八进制为：", oct(dec))
print("转换为十六进制为：", hex(dec))

def hcf(x, y):"""该函数返回两个数的最大公约数"""# 获取最小值if x > y:smaller = yelse:smaller = xfor i in range(1, smaller + 1):if ((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)):hcf = ireturn hcf# 用户输入两个数字
num1 = int(input("输入第一个数字: "))
num2 = int(input("输入第二个数字: "))print(num1, "和", num2, "的最大公约数为", hcf(num1, num2))

# 定义函数
def lcm(x, y):#  获取最大的数if x > y:greater = xelse:greater = ywhile(True):if((greater % x == 0) and (greater % y == 0)):lcm = greaterbreakgreater += 1return lcm# 获取用户输入
num1 = int(input("输入第一个数字: "))
num2 = int(input("输入第二个数字: "))print( num1,"和", num2,"的最小公倍数为", lcm(num1, num2))

# 定义函数
def add(x, y):"""相加"""return x + ydef subtract(x, y):"""相减"""return x - ydef multiply(x, y):"""相乘"""return x * ydef divide(x, y):"""相除"""return x / y# 用户输入
print("选择运算：")
print("1、相加")
print("2、相减")
print("3、相乘")
print("4、相除")choice = input("输入你的选择(1/2/3/4):")num1 = int(input("输入第一个数字: "))
num2 = int(input("输入第二个数字: "))if choice == '1':print(num1, "+", num2, "=", add(num1, num2))elif choice == '2':print(num1, "-", num2, "=", subtract(num1, num2))elif choice == '3':print(num1, "*", num2, "=", multiply(num1, num2))elif choice == '4':if num2 != 0:print(num1, "/", num2, "=", divide(num1, num2))else:print("分母不能为0")
else:print("非法输入")

# 引入日历模块
import calendar# 输入指定年月
yy = int(input("输入年份: "))
mm = int(input("输入月份: "))# 显示日历
print(calendar.month(yy, mm))

# 写文件
with open("test.txt", "wt") as out_file:out_file.write("该文本会写入到文件中\n看到我了吧！")# Read a file
with open("test.txt", "rt") as in_file:text = in_file.read()print(text)

# 测试实例一
print("测试实例一")
str = "runoob.com"
print(str.isalnum()) # 判断所有字符都是数字或者字母
print(str.isalpha()) # 判断所有字符都是字母
print(str.isdigit()) # 判断所有字符都是数字
print(str.islower()) # 判断所有字符都是小写
print(str.isupper()) # 判断所有字符都是大写
print(str.istitle()) # 判断所有单词都是首字母大写，像标题
print(str.isspace()) # 判断所有字符都是空白字符、\t、\n、\rprint("------------------------")# 测试实例二
print("测试实例二")
str = "Bake corN"
print(str.isalnum())
print(str.isalpha())
print(str.isdigit())
print(str.islower())
print(str.isupper())
print(str.istitle())
print(str.isspace()) 

str = "https://www.cnblogs.com/ailiailan/"
print(str.upper())          # 把所有字符中的小写字母转换成大写字母
print(str.lower())          # 把所有字符中的大写字母转换成小写字母
print(str.capitalize())     # 把第一个字母转化为大写字母，其余小写
print(str.title())          # 把每个单词的第一个字母转化为大写，其余小写

import calendar
monthRange = calendar.monthrange(2016,9)
print(monthRange)

# 引入 datetime 模块
import datetime
def getYesterday(): today=datetime.date.today() oneday=datetime.timedelta(days=1) yesterday=today-oneday  return yesterday# 输出
print(getYesterday())

>>> li
['a', 'b', 'mpilgrim', 'z', 'example']
>>> li[-1]
'example'
>>> li[-3]
'mpilgrim'
>>> li
['a', 'b', 'mpilgrim', 'z', 'example']
>>> li[1:3]
['b', 'mpilgrim']
>>> li[1:-1]
['b', 'mpilgrim', 'z']
>>> li[0:3]
['a', 'b', 'mpilgrim'] 

>>> li
['a', 'b', 'mpilgrim', 'z', 'example']
>>> li.append("new")
>>> li
['a', 'b', 'mpilgrim', 'z', 'example', 'new']
>>> li.insert(2, "new")
>>> li
['a', 'b', 'new', 'mpilgrim', 'z', 'example', 'new']
>>> li.extend(["two", "elements"])
>>> li
['a', 'b', 'new', 'mpilgrim', 'z', 'example', 'new', 'two', 'elements']

>>> li
['a', 'b', 'new', 'mpilgrim', 'z', 'example', 'new', 'two', 'elements']
>>> li.index("example")
5
>>> li.index("new")
2
>>> li.index("c")
Traceback (innermost last):File "<interactive input>", line 1, in ?
ValueError: list.index(x): x not in list
>>> "c" in li
False

>>> li
['a', 'b', 'new', 'mpilgrim', 'z', 'example', 'new', 'two', 'elements']
>>> li.remove("z")
>>> li
['a', 'b', 'new', 'mpilgrim', 'example', 'new', 'two', 'elements']
>>> li.remove("new")    # 删除首次出现的一个值
>>> li
['a', 'b', 'mpilgrim', 'example', 'new', 'two', 'elements']    # 第二个 'new' 未删除
>>> li.remove("c")     #list 中没有找到值, Python 会引发一个异常
Traceback (innermost last): File "<interactive input>", line 1, in ?
ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list
>>> li.pop()      # pop 会做两件事: 删除 list 的最后一个元素, 然后返回删除元素的值。
'elements'
>>> li
['a', 'b', 'mpilgrim', 'example', 'new', 'two']

>>> li = ['a', 'b', 'mpilgrim']
>>> li = li + ['example', 'new']
>>> li
['a', 'b', 'mpilgrim', 'example', 'new']
>>> li += ['two']
>>> li
['a', 'b', 'mpilgrim', 'example', 'new', 'two']
>>> li = [1, 2] * 3
>>> li
[1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2] 

>>> params = {"server":"mpilgrim", "database":"master", "uid":"sa", "pwd":"secret"}
>>> ["%s=%s" % (k, v) for k, v in params.items()]
['server=mpilgrim', 'uid=sa', 'database=master', 'pwd=secret']
>>> ";".join(["%s=%s" % (k, v) for k, v in params.items()])
'server=mpilgrim;uid=sa;database=master;pwd=secret'

>>> li = ['server=mpilgrim', 'uid=sa', 'database=master', 'pwd=secret']
>>> s = ";".join(li)
>>> s
'server=mpilgrim;uid=sa;database=master;pwd=secret'
>>> s.split(";")
['server=mpilgrim', 'uid=sa', 'database=master', 'pwd=secret']
>>> s.split(";", 1)
['server=mpilgrim', 'uid=sa;database=master;pwd=secret']

>>> li = [1, 9, 8, 4]
>>> [elem*2 for elem in li]
[2, 18, 16, 8]
>>> li
[1, 9, 8, 4]
>>> li = [elem*2 for elem in li]
>>> li
[2, 18, 16, 8] 

>>> params = {"server":"mpilgrim", "database":"master", "uid":"sa", "pwd":"secret"}
>>> params.keys()
['server', 'uid', 'database', 'pwd']
>>> params.values()
['mpilgrim', 'sa', 'master', 'secret']
>>> params.items()
[('server', 'mpilgrim'), ('uid', 'sa'), ('database', 'master'), ('pwd', 'secret')]
>>> [k for k, v in params.items()]
['server', 'uid', 'database', 'pwd']
>>> [v for k, v in params.items()]
['mpilgrim', 'sa', 'master', 'secret']
>>> ["%s=%s" % (k, v) for k, v in params.items()]
['server=mpilgrim', 'uid=sa', 'database=master', 'pwd=secret']

>>> li = ["a", "mpilgrim", "foo", "b", "c", "b", "d", "d"]
>>> [elem for elem in li if len(elem) > 1]
['mpilgrim', 'foo']
>>> [elem for elem in li if elem != "b"]
['a', 'mpilgrim', 'foo', 'c', 'd', 'd']
>>> [elem for elem in li if li.count(elem) == 1]
['a', 'mpilgrim', 'foo', 'c']