MySQL进行多实例配置再生产环境中非常常见，比如一些高配置数据库服务器，就会跑多个MySQL实例，借助多实例绑定的方式提高服务器的整体资源利用率。另外在MySQL5.7以上版本还不支持多源复制时，当你有多个主时，也可以使用一台服务器开多个MySQL实例做从。

MySQL多实例配置一般有两种方式：

第一种：基于mysqld_multi来实现。mysqld_multi用于管理多个mysqld的服务进程，这些mysqld服务进程程序可以用不同的socket或是监听于不同的端口，同时将数据文件分布到不同的磁盘以分散IO。mysqld_multi提供简单的命令用于启动，关闭和报告所管理的服务器的状态。从而减少生产环境的维护成本，方便后续的迁移和清理等工作。

第二种：使用每一个实例一个配置文件的方式，个人更倾向于使用这种方式。

本文使用第二种方式进行演示MySQL多实例配置

1)解压安装MySQL

$ tar xvf mysql-5.6.27-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

$ cd /usr/local/

$ ln -sv mysql-5.6.27-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 mysql

$ cd

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$tarxvfmysql-5.6.27-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz-C/usr/local/

$cd/usr/local/

$ln-svmysql-5.6.27-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64mysql

$cd

2)创建用户调整权限

$ groupadd -g 3306 mysql

$ useradd -u 3306 -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql

$ chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql

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$groupadd-g3306mysql

$useradd-u3306-gmysql-s/sbin/nologin-Mmysql

$chown-Rmysql.mysql/usr/local/mysql

3)创建多实例相关目录

$ mkdir -pv /data/mysql_3306

$ mkdir -pv /data/mysql_3307

$ mkdir -pv /data/mysql_3306/{data,log}

$ mkdir -pv /data/mysql_3307/{data,log}

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$mkdir-pv/data/mysql_3306

$mkdir-pv/data/mysql_3307

$mkdir-pv/data/mysql_3306/{data,log}

$mkdir-pv/data/mysql_3307/{data,log}

$ chown -R mysql.mysql /data

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$chown-Rmysql.mysql/data

4)初始化多个实例

$ /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --datadir=/data/mysql_3306/data --user=mysql

$ /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --datadir=/data/mysql_3307/data --user=mysql

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$/usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db--datadir=/data/mysql_3306/data--user=mysql

$/usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db--datadir=/data/mysql_3307/data--user=mysql

查看各实例初始化文件

$ ls /data/mysql_3306/data/

auto.cnf ibdata1 ib_logfile1 mysql performance_schema test ib_logfile0

$ ls /data/mysql_3307/data/

auto.cnf ibdata1 ib_logfile1 mysql performance_schema test ib_logfile0

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$ls/data/mysql_3306/data/

auto.cnfibdata1ib_logfile1mysqlperformance_schematestib_logfile0

$ls/data/mysql_3307/data/

auto.cnfibdata1ib_logfile1mysqlperformance_schematestib_logfile0

5)输出执行文件

$ vim /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh

export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin

$ source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh

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$vim/etc/profile.d/mysql.sh

exportPATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin

$source/etc/profile.d/mysql.sh

6)添加服务器脚本

$ cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

$ chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld

$ chkconfig --add mysqld

$ chkconfig mysqld on

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$cp/usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server/etc/init.d/mysqld

$chmod+x/etc/init.d/mysqld

$chkconfig--addmysqld

$chkconfigmysqldon

7)添加配置文件

$ /etc/my3306.cnf

[client]

user=root

port=3306

socket=/tmp/mysql.sock

[mysqld]

user=mysql

basedir = /usr/local/mysql

datadir=/data/mysql_3306/data

pid-file=/data/mysql_3306/data/mysql_3306.pid

port=3306

server_id=3306

socket=/tmp/mysql_3306.sock

character_set_server = utf8

skip_name_resolve = 1

max_connections = 800

max_connect_errors = 1000

max_allowed_packet = 16777216

log-error = /data/mysql_3306/log/error.log

binlog_format = mixed

expire_logs_days = 30

log-bin = /data/mysql_3306/log/mysql-bin.log

log-bin-index = /data/mysql_3306/log/mysql-bin.index

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[client]

user=root

port=3306

socket=/tmp/mysql.sock

[mysqld]

user=mysql

basedir=/usr/local/mysql

datadir=/data/mysql_3306/data

pid-file=/data/mysql_3306/data/mysql_3306.pid

port=3306

server_id=3306

socket=/tmp/mysql_3306.sock

character_set_server=utf8

skip_name_resolve=1

max_connections=800

max_connect_errors=1000

max_allowed_packet=16777216

log-error=/data/mysql_3306/log/error.log

binlog_format=mixed

expire_logs_days=30

log-bin=/data/mysql_3306/log/mysql-bin.log

log-bin-index=/data/mysql_3306/log/mysql-bin.index

$ cat /etc/my3307.cnf

[client]

root=root

port=3307

socket=/tmp/mysql.sock

[mysqld]

user=mysql

basedir = /usr/local/mysql

datadir=/data/mysql_3307/data

pid-file=/data/mysql_3307/data/mysql_3307.pid

port=3307

server_id=3307

socket=/tmp/mysql_3307.sock

character_set_server = utf8

skip_name_resolve = 1

max_connections = 800

max_connect_errors = 1000

max_allowed_packet = 16777216

log-error = /data/mysql_3307/log/error.log

binlog_format = mixed

expire_logs_days = 30

log-bin = /data/mysql_3307/log/mysql-bin.log

log-bin-index = /data/mysql_3307/log/mysql-bin.index

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[client]

root=root

port=3307

socket=/tmp/mysql.sock

[mysqld]

user=mysql

basedir=/usr/local/mysql

datadir=/data/mysql_3307/data

pid-file=/data/mysql_3307/data/mysql_3307.pid

port=3307

server_id=3307

socket=/tmp/mysql_3307.sock

character_set_server=utf8

skip_name_resolve=1

max_connections=800

max_connect_errors=1000

max_allowed_packet=16777216

log-error=/data/mysql_3307/log/error.log

binlog_format=mixed

expire_logs_days=30

log-bin=/data/mysql_3307/log/mysql-bin.log

log-bin-index=/data/mysql_3307/log/mysql-bin.index

8)启动MySQL实例

$ mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my3306.cnf &

$ mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my3307.cnf &

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$mysqld_safe--defaults-file=/etc/my3306.cnf&

$mysqld_safe--defaults-file=/etc/my3307.cnf&

查看监控端口

$ netstat -anplt | grep mysql

tcp 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 44281/mysqld

tcp 0 0 :::3307 :::* LISTEN 44725/mysqld

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$netstat-anplt|grepmysql

tcp00:::3306:::*LISTEN44281/mysqld

tcp00:::3307:::*LISTEN44725/mysqld

连接各个实例

$ mysql -S /tmp/mysql_3306.sock

mysql>

$ mysql -S /tmp/mysql_3307.sock

mysql>

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$mysql-S/tmp/mysql_3306.sock

mysql>

$mysql-S/tmp/mysql_3307.sock

mysql>

MySQL多实例已经配置完成，在启动过程中，最好使用supervisor等进程管理工具来管理。

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