java使用数据库连接池连接MySQL/MariaDB--DBCP2

如果每次操作数据库都需要重新连接数据库，那么会很浪费资源。因此建议使用数据库的连接池来满足多线程的数据库操作。

Java中数据库连接池有多种实现方法，推荐使用DBCP，这是Apache 提供的数据库连接池的实现。

在Maven中添加如下依赖：

    <dependency><groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId><artifactId>commons-dbcp2</artifactId><version>2.6.0</version></dependency>

注意：2.6.0版本是最新的版本，不支持低于Java8的版本，更多内容参考官方文档:DBCP – Overview

官方样例：

/** Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more* contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with* this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.* The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0* (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with* the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at**      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0** Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and* limitations under the License.*/import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;//
// Here are the dbcp-specific classes.
// Note that they are only used in the setupDataSource
// method. In normal use, your classes interact
// only with the standard JDBC API
//
import org.apache.commons.pool2.ObjectPool;
import org.apache.commons.pool2.impl.GenericObjectPool;
import org.apache.commons.dbcp2.ConnectionFactory;
import org.apache.commons.dbcp2.PoolableConnection;
import org.apache.commons.dbcp2.PoolingDataSource;
import org.apache.commons.dbcp2.PoolableConnectionFactory;
import org.apache.commons.dbcp2.DriverManagerConnectionFactory;//
// Here's a simple example of how to use the PoolingDataSource.
////
// Note that this example is very similar to the PoolingDriver
// example.  In fact, you could use the same pool in both a
// PoolingDriver and a PoolingDataSource
////
// To compile this example, you'll want:
//  * commons-pool2-2.3.jar
//  * commons-dbcp2-2.1.jar
// in your classpath.
//
// To run this example, you'll want:
//  * commons-pool2-2.3.jar
//  * commons-dbcp2-2.1.jar
//  * commons-logging-1.2.jar
//  * the classes for your (underlying) JDBC driver
// in your classpath.
//
// Invoke the class using two arguments:
//  * the connect string for your underlying JDBC driver
//  * the query you'd like to execute
// You'll also want to ensure your underlying JDBC driver
// is registered.  You can use the "jdbc.drivers"
// property to do this.
//
// For example:
//  java -Djdbc.drivers=org.h2.Driver \
//       -classpath commons-pool2-2.3.jar:commons-dbcp2-2.1.jar:commons-logging-1.2.jar:h2-1.3.152.jar:. \
//       PoolingDataSourceExample \
//       "jdbc:h2:~/test" \
//       "SELECT 1"
//
public class PoolingDataSourceExample {public static void main(String[] args) {//// First we load the underlying JDBC driver.// You need this if you don't use the jdbc.drivers// system property.//System.out.println("Loading underlying JDBC driver.");try {Class.forName("org.h2.Driver");} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {e.printStackTrace();}System.out.println("Done.");//// Then, we set up the PoolingDataSource.// Normally this would be handled auto-magically by// an external configuration, but in this example we'll// do it manually.//System.out.println("Setting up data source.");DataSource dataSource = setupDataSource(args[0]);System.out.println("Done.");//// Now, we can use JDBC DataSource as we normally would.//Connection conn = null;Statement stmt = null;ResultSet rset = null;try {System.out.println("Creating connection.");conn = dataSource.getConnection();System.out.println("Creating statement.");stmt = conn.createStatement();System.out.println("Executing statement.");rset = stmt.executeQuery(args[1]);System.out.println("Results:");int numcols = rset.getMetaData().getColumnCount();while(rset.next()) {for(int i=1;i<=numcols;i++) {System.out.print("\t" + rset.getString(i));}System.out.println("");}} catch(SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();} finally {try { if (rset != null) rset.close(); } catch(Exception e) { }try { if (stmt != null) stmt.close(); } catch(Exception e) { }try { if (conn != null) conn.close(); } catch(Exception e) { }}}public static DataSource setupDataSource(String connectURI) {//// First, we'll create a ConnectionFactory that the// pool will use to create Connections.// We'll use the DriverManagerConnectionFactory,// using the connect string passed in the command line// arguments.//ConnectionFactory connectionFactory =new DriverManagerConnectionFactory(connectURI,null);//// Next we'll create the PoolableConnectionFactory, which wraps// the "real" Connections created by the ConnectionFactory with// the classes that implement the pooling functionality.//PoolableConnectionFactory poolableConnectionFactory =new PoolableConnectionFactory(connectionFactory, null);//// Now we'll need a ObjectPool that serves as the// actual pool of connections.//// We'll use a GenericObjectPool instance, although// any ObjectPool implementation will suffice.//ObjectPool<PoolableConnection> connectionPool =new GenericObjectPool<>(poolableConnectionFactory);// Set the factory's pool property to the owning poolpoolableConnectionFactory.setPool(connectionPool);//// Finally, we create the PoolingDriver itself,// passing in the object pool we created.//PoolingDataSource<PoolableConnection> dataSource =new PoolingDataSource<>(connectionPool);return dataSource;}
}

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