七牛云存储之文件上传

项目中要用到七牛云存储，用于存储用户的文件数据，于是，看了一下七牛的文档（Android SDK 和 Java SDK），写了一个 demo 。本文记录一下 android 端上传文件到七牛服务器的步骤，并对七牛云存储使用的一些问题作出了一些思考。demo 实现了单个文件上传，多个文件上传，多个文件排队上传。详情请参考七牛官方文档。

一，注册七牛账号，并创建存储空间

注册
创建密钥，拿到 AccessKey/SecretKey，用于生成上传的token
创建存储空间，指定文件上传的空间名称：bucket

这里拿到的资源有：AccessKey、SecretKey、bucket，主要是这三个值。

二、Java后台生成上传文件的token

android 端可以添加七牛的 Java SDK，并可以生成 token，但是使用这个 token 上传文件一直提示：no such bucket(具体原因不知道，但是根据密钥安全使用须知，token 是不应该在APP端生成的，所以也没继续找这个问题)。可以在 android studio 新建一个 Java module，添加七牛 Java SDK 依赖，使用 SDK 生成 token，注意这个 token 是有时效的，过来一段时间后会失效，所以每次上传文件前，应该向后台请求一个上传 token，代码如下(根据不同需求，生成 token 所需参数有所变化，详情请看客户端上传凭证)：

public static void createQiniuToken() {String accessKey = "your accesskey";String secretKey = "your secretkey";String bucket = "your bucket name";Auth auth = Auth.create(accessKey, secretKey);String upToken = auth.uploadToken(bucket);System.out.println(upToken);}

拿到token之后就可以在 android 端 demo 使用。

三、上传文件到七牛服务器应该考虑或者注意的问题

文件上传到七牛服务器，有很多业务要处理，获取上传凭证(token)，文件的命名，文件覆盖，文件管理等。Android SDK 没有提供这些功能，这些功能在 Java SDK 中实现，通过生成不同的 token 实现不同业务功能。

3.1 关于android SDK 上传文件方法中的key

文件的外链接地址是由存储空间的外链域名和key组成的：外链域名 + key，如我的一个bucket的域名为：http://pfln1bbp9.bkt.clouddn.com/ ，那么上传到这个bucket的文件的外链地址为:http://pfln1bbp9.bkt.clouddn.com/ + key。所以，key如何取值，应该有一套自己项目的标准，确保文件何时是唯一的，何时是不唯一的。

3.2 修改或者覆盖文件该如何处理

有些文件可能会修改，那么修改后的文件如何覆盖旧文件呢？
七牛 Android SDK 并没有提供文件的覆盖功能，文件覆盖上传需要服务端的支持，即在生成token的时候带文件的名字，然后拿着这个 token 去上传文件即可：

String accessKey = "access key";
String secretKey = "secret key";
String bucket = "bucket name";
String key = "file key";Auth auth = Auth.create(accessKey, secretKey);
String upToken = auth.uploadToken(bucket, key);
System.out.println(upToken);

更多内容请查看覆盖上传的凭证

3.3 文件的管理功能

文件资源管理属于Java SDK的功能，参考资源管理

3.4 视频/音频/图片压缩功能

七牛支持在文件上传到七牛之后，立即对其进行多种指令的数据处理，这个只需要在生成的上传凭证中指定相关的处理参数即可。
参考带数据处理的凭证

3.5 文件下载

参考下载文件，值得注意的是在拼接链接之前，将文件名进行urlencode以兼容不同的字符。

3.6 是否支持批量上传

七牛目前只支持一个请求上传一个文件，所以一次上传多个文件的话，就等同于一次发送多个请求，七牛不支持。这正是本文 demo 所要解决的问题。

3.7 密钥安全使用须知

参考密钥安全使用须知

四、Android 端文件上传工具

详情请参考七牛官方文档对象存储Android SDK。
本 demo 简单实现了七牛文件上传工具：QiniuUploadManager ，这个类提供三个上传文件的方法，和两个取消上传的方法，具体如下：

4.1 单个文件上传

public boolean upload(QiniuUploadFile param, OnUploadListener uploadListener)

4.2 多文件上传

 public boolean upload(List<QiniuUploadFile> params, OnUploadListener uploadListener)

4.3 多文件排队上传

 public void queueUpload(Queue<QiniuUploadFile> params, OnUploadListener uploadListener)

4.4 取消上传

// 取消某一个listener的任务
public void cancel(OnUploadListener listener)
// 取消所有listener的任务
public void cancel()

4.5 example

private QiniuUploadManager manager;
private String token = "your qiniu upload token";private void singleUpload(String path) {if (manager == null) {manager = QiniuUploadManager.getInstance(this);}String currentTim = String.valueOf(System.currentTimeMillis());String key = "files/" + currentTim + "/" + currentTim + ".jpg";String mimeType = "image/jpeg";QiniuUploadManager.QiniuUploadFile param = new QiniuUploadManager.QiniuUploadFile(path, key, mimeType, token);manager.upload(param, new QiniuUploadManager.OnUploadListener() {@Overridepublic void onStartUpload() {Log.e(TAG, "onStartUpload");}@Overridepublic void onUploadProgress(String key, double percent) {}@Overridepublic void onUploadFailed(String key, String err) {Log.e(TAG, "onUploadFailed:" + err);}@Overridepublic void onUploadBlockComplete(String key) {Log.e(TAG, "onUploadBlockComplete");}@Overridepublic void onUploadCompleted() {Log.e(TAG, "onUploadCompleted");}@Overridepublic void onUploadCancel() {Log.e(TAG, "onUploadCancel");}});}

4.6 完整代码


import android.content.Context;
import android.util.Log;import com.qiniu.android.common.FixedZone;
import com.qiniu.android.storage.Configuration;
import com.qiniu.android.storage.KeyGenerator;
import com.qiniu.android.storage.Recorder;
import com.qiniu.android.storage.UploadManager;
import com.qiniu.android.storage.UploadOptions;
import com.qiniu.android.storage.persistent.FileRecorder;import java.io.File;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Queue;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;/*** @Description 七牛文件上传工具* @Date 2018.09.26*/
public class QiniuUploadManager {public interface OnUploadListener {void onStartUpload();void onUploadProgress(String key, double percent);void onUploadFailed(String key, String err);void onUploadBlockComplete(String key);void onUploadCompleted();void onUploadCancel();}private final String TAG = this.getClass().getSimpleName();private static QiniuUploadManager manager;public static QiniuUploadManager getInstance(Context context) {if (manager == null) {synchronized(QiniuUploadManager.class) {if(manager == null) {manager = new QiniuUploadManager(context);}}}return manager;}private UploadManager uploadManager;private Object lock = new Object();private HashMap<OnUploadListener, Boolean> cancels = new HashMap<>();private List<OnUploadListener> uploadListeners = new ArrayList<>();private QiniuUploadManager(Context appContext) {initManager(appContext.getApplicationContext());}private void initManager(Context appContext) {String dirPath = appContext.getExternalCacheDir().getPath() + File.separator + "QiniuTemp";Log.d(TAG, dirPath);Recorder recorder = null;try {recorder = new FileRecorder(dirPath);} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}KeyGenerator keyGen = (key, file) -> key + "_._" + new StringBuffer(file.getAbsolutePath()).reverse();Configuration.Builder builder = new Configuration.Builder();builder.chunkSize(512 * 1024)              // 分片上传时，每片的大小。 默认256K.putThreshhold(1024 * 1024)        // 启用分片上传阀值。默认512K.connectTimeout(10)                // 链接超时。默认10秒.responseTimeout(60)               // 服务器响应超时。默认60秒.zone(FixedZone.zone0);            // 设置区域，指定不同区域的上传域名、备用域名、备用IP。if (recorder != null) {builder = builder.recorder(recorder)   // recorder分片上传时，已上传片记录器。默认null.recorder(recorder, keyGen);   // keyGen 分片上传时，生成标识符，用于片记录器区分是那个文件的上传记录}Configuration config = builder.build();uploadManager = new UploadManager(config);}/*** 上传单个文件到七牛服务器** @param param* @param uploadListener* @return 文件有效，开始上传返回true，否则返回false*/public synchronized boolean upload(QiniuUploadFile param, OnUploadListener uploadListener) {if (param == null) {return false;}File uploadFile = new File(param.getFilePath());if (!uploadFile.exists() || uploadFile.isDirectory()) {return false; // 如果是文件夹，或者文件不存在，那么返回false}if (uploadListener != null) {uploadListener.onStartUpload();Log.d(TAG, "开始上传(" + param.getKey() + "): " + param.getFilePath());}// 注册回调对象，用户取消上传时使用这些对象uploadListeners.add(uploadListener);cancels.put(uploadListener, false);uploadManager.put(uploadFile, param.getKey(), param.getToken(),(key, info, response) -> {synchronized (lock) {if (uploadListener == null) {return;}if (info.isOK()) {Log.d(TAG, "上传成功(" + key +"): " + info.duration);uploadListener.onUploadBlockComplete(key);uploadListener.onUploadCompleted();} else {Log.d(TAG, "上传失败(" + key + "): " + info.error);uploadListener.onUploadFailed(key, info.error);}// 清理回调等资源Log.d(TAG, "上传完成(" + key +"): " + info.duration);uploadListeners.remove(uploadListener);cancels.remove(uploadListener);}},new UploadOptions(null, null, false,(key12, percent) -> {synchronized (lock) {Log.d(TAG, "progress(" + key12 + "):" + percent);if (uploadListener != null) {uploadListener.onUploadProgress(key12, percent);}}},() -> {synchronized (lock) {if (uploadListener == null) {return false;}Boolean result = cancels.get(uploadListener);// Log.d(TAG, "检查取消标识(" + param.getKey() + "): " + result);if (result != null && result) {cancels.remove(uploadListener);}// 有出现一次true后还继续调用的情况，需要判nullreturn result == null ? true : result;}}));return true;}/*** 同时上传多个文件* @param params 需要上传的文件* @param uploadListener 回调* @return 开始上传返回 true，如果参数无效，或者文件不存在等，返回false，不上传*/public synchronized boolean upload(List<QiniuUploadFile> params, OnUploadListener uploadListener) {if (params == null || params.size() == 0) {return false;}AtomicInteger completedCount = new AtomicInteger();  // 完成(失败也算完成)的数量List<QiniuUploadFile> needUploadFile = new ArrayList<>();for (QiniuUploadFile param : params) {File uploadFile = new File(param.getFilePath());if (!uploadFile.exists() || uploadFile.isDirectory()) {continue;  // 过滤无效的文件}needUploadFile.add(param);}if (needUploadFile.size() == 0) {return false;}if (uploadListener != null) {Log.d(TAG, "开始上传(size=" + needUploadFile.size() + ")");uploadListener.onStartUpload(); // 开始上传任务}uploadListeners.add(uploadListener);cancels.put(uploadListener, false);for (QiniuUploadFile param : needUploadFile) {File uploadFile = new File(param.getFilePath());uploadManager.put(uploadFile, param.getKey(), param.getToken(),(key, info, response) -> {synchronized (lock) {completedCount.getAndIncrement();if (uploadListener == null) {return;}if (info.isOK()) {Log.d(TAG, "上传成功(" + key +"): " + info.duration);uploadListener.onUploadBlockComplete(key);} else {Log.d(TAG, "上传失败(" + key + "): " + info.error);uploadListener.onUploadFailed(key, info.error);}if (completedCount.get() == needUploadFile.size()) {Log.d(TAG, "上传完成(" + needUploadFile.size() +")");uploadListener.onUploadCompleted();// 如果所有任务都完成了，那么清理回调资源uploadListeners.remove(uploadListener);cancels.remove(uploadListener);}}},new UploadOptions(null, param.getMimeType(), false,(key1, percent) -> {synchronized (lock) {Log.d(TAG, "progress(" + key1 + "):" + percent);if (uploadListener != null) {uploadListener.onUploadProgress(key1, percent);}}},() -> {if (uploadListener == null) {return false;}Boolean result = cancels.get(uploadListener);// Log.d(TAG, "检查取消标识(" + param.getKey() + "): " + result);if (result != null && result) {cancels.remove(uploadListener);}// 由于同时上传多个文件是共享一个：uploadListener，// 所以，后面读取到的都是null，null，标识取消return result == null ? true : result;}));}return true;}/*** 排队的方式上传文件，上传完前一个才继续上传下一个* 注意，这个方法没有 onStartUpload 回调* @param params 需要上传的文件* @param uploadListener 回调接口*/public synchronized void queueUpload(Queue<QiniuUploadFile> params, OnUploadListener uploadListener) {if (params == null || params.size() == 0) {return;}Queue<QiniuUploadFile> files = new LinkedList<>();for(QiniuUploadFile param : params) {File uploadFile = new File(param.getFilePath());if (uploadFile.exists() && !uploadFile.isDirectory()) {files.add(param);}}QiniuUploadFile param = files.poll();if(param == null) {return;}File uploadFile = new File(param.getFilePath());// 注册回调对象uploadListeners.add(uploadListener);Boolean cancel = cancels.get(uploadListener);if(cancel != null && cancel) {cancels.remove(uploadListener); // 在这里移除取消任务标志return;}cancels.put(uploadListener, false);uploadManager.put(uploadFile, param.getKey(), param.getToken(),(key, info, response) -> {synchronized (lock) {if (info.isOK()) {Log.d(TAG, "上传成功(" + key +"): " + info.duration);if(uploadListener != null) {uploadListener.onUploadBlockComplete(key);}} else {Log.d(TAG, "上传失败(" + key + "): " + info.error);if(uploadListener != null) {uploadListener.onUploadFailed(key, info.error);}}if(files.size() == 0) {// 清理回调等资源Log.d(TAG, "上传完成(" + key + "): " + info.duration);if(uploadListener != null) {uploadListeners.remove(uploadListener);cancels.remove(uploadListener);}} else {// 未上传完成，继续队列中的下一个任务queueUpload(files, uploadListener);}}},new UploadOptions(null, null, false,(key12, percent) -> {synchronized (lock) {Log.d(TAG, "progress(" + key12 + "):" + percent);if (uploadListener != null) {uploadListener.onUploadProgress(key12, percent);}}},() -> {synchronized (lock) {if (uploadListener == null) {return false;}Boolean result = cancels.get(uploadListener);//Log.d(TAG, "取消(" + param.getKey() + "): " + result);// 有出现一次true后还继续调用的情况，所以需要判nullreturn result == null ? true : result;}}));}/*** 取消指定上传任务** @param listener*/public void cancel(OnUploadListener listener) {synchronized (lock) {cancels.put(listener, true);for (OnUploadListener uploadListener : uploadListeners) {if (uploadListener == listener) {try {uploadListener.onUploadCancel();Log.d(TAG, "取消上传");} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}break;}}uploadListeners.remove(listener);}}/*** 取消所有的上传任务*/public void cancel() {synchronized (lock) {for (OnUploadListener key : cancels.keySet()) {cancels.put(key, true);}for (OnUploadListener listener : uploadListeners) {try {listener.onUploadCancel();} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}}uploadListeners.clear();Log.d(TAG, "取消所有上传任务");}}public static class QiniuUploadFile {private String filePath;  // 文件的路径private String key;       // 文件上传到服务器的路径，如：files/images/test.jpgprivate String mimeType;  // 文件类型private String token;     // 从后台获取的token值，只在一定时间内有效public QiniuUploadFile(String filePath, String key, String mimeType, String token) {this.filePath = filePath;this.key = key;this.mimeType = mimeType;this.token = token;}public String getFilePath() {return filePath;}public String getKey() {return key;}public String getMimeType() {return mimeType;}public String getToken() {return token;}}
}