我们经常会遇到监控一个文件或目录的变化，如果有变化，把文件上传备份至备份主机，并且我们还要监控上传过程是否有问题等，根据此需求，查阅了相关的一些材料，编写如下脚本实现这个功能：

#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding=utf-8
#######################
#
#Status wd gs/ccs sql file changed
#date:2013-08-26  王伟
#文件有变化上传至备份主机，上传之后验证文件是否正确
#
#######################
import paramiko,os,sys,datetime,time,MySQLdb
from pyinotify import WatchManager, Notifier, ProcessEvent, IN_DELETE, IN_CREATE,IN_MODIFY
'''
CREATE TABLE `wddel_log.status_sql` (`ip` varchar(16) NOT NULL COMMENT '机器IP',`tar_name` varchar(50) NOT NULL COMMENT '备份文件名字',`md5` varchar(50) NOT NULL COMMENT '备份文件MD5',`flag` int(2) NOT NULL COMMENT '0:成功;1:失败',`error_log` varchar(100) NOT NULL COMMENT '错误日志',`uptime` datetime NOT NULL COMMENT '更新时间',KEY `ip` (`ip`),KEY `uptime` (`uptime`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8'''#日志表创建脚本
GM_path='/home/asktao/'
center_hostname='192.168.1.100'
center_username='root'
center_password='123456'
center_port=63008
def log2db(ip,tar_name,md5,flag,error='0'):#删除日志入库try:tar_name = os.path.split(tar_name)[1]now  = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")conn = MySQLdb.connect(host = '192.168.1.104',user = 'root',passwd = '1q2w3e4r',charset='utf8',connect_timeout=20)cursor = conn.cursor()sql = "SELECT ip FROM wddel_log.status_sql WHERE ip='%s'" % ipcursor.execute(sql)res = cursor.fetchall()if len(res)==0:inster_sql = "insert into wddel_log.status_sql VALUES('%s','%s','%s',%s,'%s','%s')" % (ip,tar_name,md5,flag,error,now)cursor.execute(inster_sql)conn.commit()else:update_sql = "UPDATE wddel_log.status_sql SET md5='%s',flag='%s',error_log='%s',uptime='%s' WHERE ip='%s'" % (md5,flag,error,now,ip)cursor.execute(update_sql)conn.commit()cursor.close()conn.close()except Exception,e:print e
def find_ip():#获取本地eth0的IP地址ip = os.popen("/sbin/ip a|grep 'global eth0'").readlines()[0].split()[1].split("/")[0]if "192.168." in ip:ip = os.popen("/sbin/ip a|grep 'global eth1'").readlines()[0].split()[1].split("/")[0]return ip
def md5sum(file_name):#验证sql打包文件的MD5if os.path.isfile(file_name):f = open(file_name,'rb')py_ver = sys.version[:3]if py_ver == "2.4":import md5 as hashlibelse:import hashlibmd5 = hashlib.md5(f.read()).hexdigest()f.close()return md5else:return 0
def center_md5(file_name):#上传至备份中心的文件的MD5try:s=paramiko.SSHClient()s.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())s.connect(hostname = center_hostname,port=center_port,username=center_username, password=center_password)conm = "/usr/bin/md5sum %s" % file_namestdin,stdout,stderr=s.exec_command(conm)result = stdout.readlines()[0].split()[0].strip()s.close()return resultexcept Exception,e:return e
def back_file(ip,tar_name,tar_md5):#上传文件到备份中心remote_dir='/data/sql'file_name=os.path.join(remote_dir,os.path.split(tar_name)[1])try:t=paramiko.Transport((center_hostname,center_port))t.connect(username=center_username,password=center_password)sftp=paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(t)sftp.put(tar_name,file_name)t.close()#print "%s back_file OK" % tar_nameos.remove(tar_name)remot_md5=center_md5(file_name)if remot_md5 == tar_md5:log2db(ip,tar_name,tar_md5,0)else:log2db(ip,tar_name,tar_md5,1,'remot_md5!=tar_md5')except Exception,e:#print "connect error!"log2db(ip,tar_name,tar_md5,1,e)os.remove(tar_name)
def back_sql():#执行备份ip = find_ip()tar_name = "/tmp/%s.tar.gz" % ipsql_conn = "/usr/bin/find %s -type f  -name '*.sql'|/usr/bin/xargs /bin/tar zcvPf %s" % (GM_path,tar_name)sql_tar = os.popen(sql_conn).readlines()tar_md5 = md5sum(tar_name)if tar_md5 != 0:back_file(ip,tar_name,tar_md5)else:error_log =  "%s not find" % tar_namelog2db(ip,tar_name,tar_md5,0,error_log)
class PFilePath(ProcessEvent):#文件变化的触发def process_IN_CREATE(self, event):if os.path.splitext(event.name)[1] == ".sql":text = "Create file: %s " % os.path.join(event.path, event.name)#print textback_sql()def process_IN_MODIFY(self, event):if os.path.splitext(event.name)[1] == ".sql":text = "Modify file: %s " % os.path.join(event.path, event.name)#print textback_sql()
def FSMonitor():#主监控函数back_sql()#运行脚本先备份sql文件wm = WatchManager()mask = IN_CREATE |IN_MODIFYnotifier = Notifier(wm, PFilePath())wdd = wm.add_watch(GM_path, mask, rec=True)print 'now starting monitor %s' % (GM_path)while True:try :notifier.process_events()if notifier.check_events():notifier.read_events()except KeyboardInterrupt:notifier.stop()break
if __name__ == "__main__":FSMonitor()

此脚本中主要用到paramiko和pyinotify模块，关于paramiko的讲解可以参见：http://wangwei007.blog.51cto.com/68019/1058726一文，pyinotify的用法可以参见官方文档：https://github.com/seb-m/pyinotify/wiki/Events-types