本节主要内容：

python监控一个文件或目录的变化，如果有变化，把文件上传备份至备份主机，并且还要监控上传过程是否有问题等。

根据此需求，编写如下脚本实现这个功能： 代码示例:

#!/usr/bin/env python

#coding=utf-8

#

#Status wd gs/ccs sql file changed

# site: www.#

#文件有变化上传至备份主机，上传之后验证文件是否正确

#

import paramiko,os,sys,datetime,time,MySQLdb

from pyinotify import WatchManager, Notifier, ProcessEvent, IN_DELETE, IN_CREATE,IN_MODIFY

'''

CREATE TABLE `wddel_log.status_sql` (

`ip` varchar(16) NOT NULL COMMENT '机器IP',

`tar_name` varchar(50) NOT NULL COMMENT '备份文件名字',

`md5` varchar(50) NOT NULL COMMENT '备份文件MD5',

`flag` int(2) NOT NULL COMMENT '0:成功;1:失败',

`error_log` varchar(100) NOT NULL COMMENT '错误日志',

`uptime` datetime NOT NULL COMMENT '更新时间',

KEY `ip` (`ip`),

KEY `uptime` (`uptime`)

) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8'''#日志表创建脚本

GM_path='/home/asktao/'

center_hostname='192.168.1.100'

center_username='root'

center_password='123456'

center_port=63008

def log2db(ip,tar_name,md5,flag,error='0'):#删除日志入库

try:

tar_name = os.path.split(tar_name)[1]

now  = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")

conn = MySQLdb.connect(host = '192.168.1.104',user = 'root',passwd = '1q2w3e4r',charset='utf8',connect_timeout=20)

cursor = conn.cursor()

sql = "SELECT ip FROM wddel_log.status_sql WHERE ip='%s'" % ip

cursor.execute(sql)

res = cursor.fetchall()

if len(res)==0:

inster_sql = "insert into wddel_log.status_sql VALUES('%s','%s','%s',%s,'%s','%s')" % (ip,tar_name,md5,flag,error,now)

cursor.execute(inster_sql)

conn.commit()

else:

update_sql = "UPDATE wddel_log.status_sql SET md5='%s',flag='%s',error_log='%s',uptime='%s' WHERE ip='%s'" % (md5,flag,error,now,ip)

cursor.execute(update_sql)

conn.commit()

cursor.close()

conn.close()

except Exception,e:

print e

def find_ip():#获取本地eth0的IP地址

ip = os.popen("/sbin/ip a|grep 'global eth0'").readlines()[0].split()[1].split("/")[0]

if "192.168." in ip:

ip = os.popen("/sbin/ip a|grep 'global eth1'").readlines()[0].split()[1].split("/")[0]

return ip

def md5sum(file_name):#验证sql打包文件的MD5

if os.path.isfile(file_name):

f = open(file_name,'rb')

py_ver = sys.version[:3]

if py_ver == "2.4":

import md5 as hashlib

else:

import hashlib

md5 = hashlib.md5(f.read()).hexdigest()

f.close()

return md5

else:

return 0

def center_md5(file_name):#上传至备份中心的文件的MD5

try:

s=paramiko.SSHClient()

s.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())

s.connect(hostname = center_hostname,port=center_port,username=center_username, password=center_password)

conm = "/usr/bin/md5sum %s" % file_name

stdin,stdout,stderr=s.exec_command(conm)

result = stdout.readlines()[0].split()[0].strip()

s.close()

return result

except Exception,e:

return e

def back_file(ip,tar_name,tar_md5):#上传文件到备份中心

remote_dir='/data/sql'

file_name=os.path.join(remote_dir,os.path.split(tar_name)[1])

try:

t=paramiko.Transport((center_hostname,center_port))

t.connect(username=center_username,password=center_password)

sftp=paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(t)

sftp.put(tar_name,file_name)

t.close()

#print "%s back_file OK" % tar_name

os.remove(tar_name)

remot_md5=center_md5(file_name)

if remot_md5 == tar_md5:

log2db(ip,tar_name,tar_md5,0)

else:

log2db(ip,tar_name,tar_md5,1,'remot_md5!=tar_md5')

except Exception,e:

#print "connect error!"

log2db(ip,tar_name,tar_md5,1,e)

os.remove(tar_name)

def back_sql():#执行备份

ip = find_ip()

tar_name = "/tmp/%s.tar.gz" % ip

sql_conn = "/usr/bin/find %s -type f  -name '*.sql'|/usr/bin/xargs /bin/tar zcvPf %s" % (GM_path,tar_name)

sql_tar = os.popen(sql_conn).readlines()

tar_md5 = md5sum(tar_name)

if tar_md5 != 0:

back_file(ip,tar_name,tar_md5)

else:

error_log =  "%s not find" % tar_name

log2db(ip,tar_name,tar_md5,0,error_log)

class PFilePath(ProcessEvent):#文件变化的触发

def process_IN_CREATE(self, event):

if os.path.splitext(event.name)[1] == ".sql":

text = "Create file: %s " % os.path.join(event.path, event.name)

#print text

back_sql()

def process_IN_MODIFY(self, event):

if os.path.splitext(event.name)[1] == ".sql":

text = "Modify file: %s " % os.path.join(event.path, event.name)

#print text

back_sql()

def FSMonitor():#主监控函数

back_sql()#运行脚本先备份sql文件

wm = WatchManager()

mask = IN_CREATE |IN_MODIFY

notifier = Notifier(wm, PFilePath())

wdd = wm.add_watch(GM_path, mask, rec=True)

print 'now starting monitor %s' % (GM_path)

while True:

try :

notifier.process_events()

if notifier.check_events():

notifier.read_events()

except KeyboardInterrupt:

notifier.stop()

break

if __name__ == "__main__":

FSMonitor()

代码说明：

此脚本中主要用到paramiko和pyinotify模块，关于paramiko的讲解可以参见：

python paramiko模块中设置执行命令超时值的方法

python模块paramiko实现上传下载与远程执行命令的代码

python paramiko模块上传本地目录到远程目录的例子

pyinotify的用法，参见官方文档：https://github.com/seb-m/pyinotify/wiki/Events-types