功能说明

该程序主要实现蓝牙通信。具体功能有：
1、搜索附近蓝牙设备，并且能手动与周围设备发起蓝牙通信请求。
2、通信请求建立后，双方可以通过蓝牙进行文字的聊天。
3、用户可自定义自己的蓝牙设备是否能被周围的人发现。

项目结构

核心代码

/*MainActivity*/public class BluetoothChat extends AppCompatActivity {public static final int MESSAGE_STATE_CHANGE = 1;public static final int MESSAGE_READ = 2;public static final int MESSAGE_WRITE = 3;public static final int MESSAGE_DEVICE_NAME = 4;public static final int MESSAGE_TOAST = 5;public static final String DEVICE_NAME = "device_name";public static final String TOAST = "toast";private static final int REQUEST_CONNECT_DEVICE = 1;  //请求连接设备private static final int REQUEST_ENABLE_BT = 2;private TextView mTitle;private ListView mConversationView;private EditText mOutEditText;private Button mSendButton;private String mConnectedDeviceName = null;private ArrayAdapter<String> mConversationArrayAdapter;private StringBuffer mOutStringBuffer;private BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter = null;private ChatService mChatService = null;@Overridepublic void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);getSupportActionBar().hide();  //隐藏标题栏if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this,new String[]{Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION}, 1);}}Toolbar toolbar = findViewById(R.id.toolbar);//创建选项菜单toolbar.inflateMenu(R.menu.option_menu);//选项菜单监听toolbar.setOnMenuItemClickListener(new MyMenuItemClickListener());mTitle = findViewById(R.id.title_left_text);mTitle.setText(R.string.app_name);mTitle = findViewById(R.id.title_right_text);// 得到本地蓝牙适配器mBluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();if (mBluetoothAdapter == null) {Toast.makeText(this, "蓝牙不可用", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();finish();return;}if (!mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) { //若当前设备蓝牙功能未开启Intent enableIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);startActivityForResult(enableIntent, REQUEST_ENABLE_BT); //} else {if (mChatService == null) {setupChat();  //创建会话}}}@Overridepublic void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);if(grantResults.length>0){if(grantResults[0]!=PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){Toast.makeText(this, "未授权，蓝牙搜索功能将不可用！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();}}}@Overridepublic synchronized void onResume() {  //synchronized：同步方法实现排队调用super.onResume();if (mChatService != null) {if (mChatService.getState() == ChatService.STATE_NONE) {mChatService.start();}}}private void setupChat() {mConversationArrayAdapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(this, R.layout.message);mConversationView = findViewById(R.id.in);mConversationView.setAdapter(mConversationArrayAdapter);mOutEditText = findViewById(R.id.edit_text_out);mOutEditText.setOnEditorActionListener(mWriteListener);mSendButton = findViewById(R.id.button_send);mSendButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {public void onClick(View v) {TextView view = findViewById(R.id.edit_text_out);String message = view.getText().toString();sendMessage(message);}});//创建服务对象mChatService = new ChatService(this,mHandler);mOutStringBuffer = new StringBuffer("");}@Overridepublic void onDestroy() {super.onDestroy();if (mChatService != null)mChatService.stop();}private void ensureDiscoverable() { //修改本机蓝牙设备的可见性//打开手机蓝牙后，能被其它蓝牙设备扫描到的时间不是永久的if (mBluetoothAdapter.getScanMode() != BluetoothAdapter.SCAN_MODE_CONNECTABLE_DISCOVERABLE) {Intent discoverableIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE);//设置在300秒内可见（能被扫描）discoverableIntent.putExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION, 300);startActivity(discoverableIntent);Toast.makeText(this, "已经设置本机蓝牙设备的可见性，对方可搜索了。", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();}}private void sendMessage(String message) {if (mChatService.getState() != ChatService.STATE_CONNECTED) {Toast.makeText(this, R.string.not_connected, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();return;}if (message.length() > 0) {byte[] send = message.getBytes();mChatService.write(send);mOutStringBuffer.setLength(0);mOutEditText.setText(mOutStringBuffer);}}private TextView.OnEditorActionListener mWriteListener = new TextView.OnEditorActionListener() {@Overridepublic boolean onEditorAction(TextView view, int actionId, KeyEvent event) {if (actionId == EditorInfo.IME_NULL && event.getAction() == KeyEvent.ACTION_UP) {//软键盘里的回车也能发送消息String message = view.getText().toString();sendMessage(message);}return true;}};//使用Handler对象在UI主线程与子线程之间传递消息private final Handler mHandler = new Handler() {   //消息处理@Overridepublic void handleMessage(Message msg) {switch (msg.what) {case MESSAGE_STATE_CHANGE:switch (msg.arg1) {case ChatService.STATE_CONNECTED:mTitle.setText(R.string.title_connected_to);mTitle.append(mConnectedDeviceName);mConversationArrayAdapter.clear();break;case ChatService.STATE_CONNECTING:mTitle.setText(R.string.title_connecting);break;case ChatService.STATE_LISTEN:case ChatService.STATE_NONE:mTitle.setText(R.string.title_not_connected);break;}break;case MESSAGE_WRITE:byte[] writeBuf = (byte[]) msg.obj;String writeMessage = new String(writeBuf);mConversationArrayAdapter.add("我:  " + writeMessage);break;case MESSAGE_READ:byte[] readBuf = (byte[]) msg.obj;String readMessage = new String(readBuf, 0, msg.arg1);mConversationArrayAdapter.add(mConnectedDeviceName + ":  "+ readMessage);break;case MESSAGE_DEVICE_NAME:mConnectedDeviceName = msg.getData().getString(DEVICE_NAME);Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),"链接到 " + mConnectedDeviceName, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();break;case MESSAGE_TOAST:Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),msg.getData().getString(TOAST), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();break;}}};//返回进入好友列表操作后的数回调方法public void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);switch (requestCode) {case REQUEST_CONNECT_DEVICE:if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK) {String address = data.getExtras().getString(DeviceList.EXTRA_DEVICE_ADDRESS);BluetoothDevice device = mBluetoothAdapter.getRemoteDevice(address);mChatService.connect(device);} else if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_CANCELED) {Toast.makeText(this, "未选择任何好友！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();}break;case REQUEST_ENABLE_BT:if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK) {setupChat();} else {Toast.makeText(this, R.string.bt_not_enabled_leaving, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();finish();}}}//内部类，选项菜单的单击事件处理private class MyMenuItemClickListener implements Toolbar.OnMenuItemClickListener {@Overridepublic boolean onMenuItemClick(MenuItem item) {switch (item.getItemId()) {case R.id.scan://启动DeviceList这个ActivityIntent serverIntent = new Intent(BluetoothChat.this, DeviceList.class);startActivityForResult(serverIntent, REQUEST_CONNECT_DEVICE);return true;case R.id.discoverable:ensureDiscoverable();return true;case R.id.back:finish();System.exit(0);return true;}return false;}}
}

/*聊天界面ChatService*/public class ChatService {//本应用的主Activity组件名称private static final String NAME = "BluetoothChat";// UUID：通用唯一识别码,是一个128位长的数字，一般用十六进制表示//算法的核心思想是结合机器的网卡、当地时间、一个随机数来生成//在创建蓝牙连接private static final UUID MY_UUID = UUID.fromString("fa87c0d0-afac-11de-8a39-0800200c9a66");private final BluetoothAdapter mAdapter;private final Handler mHandler;private AcceptThread mAcceptThread;private ConnectThread mConnectThread;private ConnectedThread mConnectedThread;private int mState;public static final int STATE_NONE = 0;public static final int STATE_LISTEN = 1;public static final int STATE_CONNECTING = 2;public static final int STATE_CONNECTED = 3;//构造方法，接收UI主线程传递的对象public ChatService(Context context, Handler handler) {//构造方法完成蓝牙对象的创建mAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();mState = STATE_NONE;mHandler = handler;}private synchronized void setState(int state) {mState = state;mHandler.obtainMessage(BluetoothChat.MESSAGE_STATE_CHANGE, state, -1).sendToTarget();}public synchronized int getState() {return mState;}public synchronized void start() {if (mConnectThread != null) {mConnectThread.cancel();mConnectThread = null;}if (mConnectedThread != null) {mConnectedThread.cancel();mConnectedThread = null;}if (mAcceptThread == null) {mAcceptThread = new AcceptThread();mAcceptThread.start();}setState(STATE_LISTEN);}//取消 CONNECTING 和 CONNECTED 状态下的相关线程，然后运行新的 mConnectThread 线程public synchronized void connect(BluetoothDevice device) {if (mState == STATE_CONNECTING) {if (mConnectThread != null) {mConnectThread.cancel();mConnectThread = null;}}if (mConnectedThread != null) {mConnectedThread.cancel();mConnectedThread = null;}mConnectThread = new ConnectThread(device);mConnectThread.start();setState(STATE_CONNECTING);}/*开启一个 ConnectedThread 来管理对应的当前连接。之前先取消任意现存的 mConnectThread 、mConnectedThread 、 mAcceptThread 线程，然后开启新 mConnectedThread ，传入当前刚刚接受的socket 连接。最后通过 Handler来通知UI连接*/public synchronized void connected(BluetoothSocket socket, BluetoothDevice device) {if (mConnectThread != null) {mConnectThread.cancel();mConnectThread = null;}if (mConnectedThread != null) {mConnectedThread.cancel();mConnectedThread = null;}if (mAcceptThread != null) {mAcceptThread.cancel();mAcceptThread = null;}mConnectedThread = new ConnectedThread(socket);mConnectedThread.start();Message msg = mHandler.obtainMessage(BluetoothChat.MESSAGE_DEVICE_NAME);Bundle bundle = new Bundle();bundle.putString(BluetoothChat.DEVICE_NAME, device.getName());msg.setData(bundle);mHandler.sendMessage(msg);setState(STATE_CONNECTED);}// 停止所有相关线程，设当前状态为 NONEpublic synchronized void stop() {if (mConnectThread != null) {mConnectThread.cancel();mConnectThread = null;}if (mConnectedThread != null) {mConnectedThread.cancel();mConnectedThread = null;}if (mAcceptThread != null) {mAcceptThread.cancel();mAcceptThread = null;}setState(STATE_NONE);}// 在 STATE_CONNECTED 状态下，调用 mConnectedThread 里的 write 方法，写入 bytepublic void write(byte[] out) {ConnectedThread r;synchronized (this) {if (mState != STATE_CONNECTED)return;r = mConnectedThread;}r.write(out);}// 连接失败的时候处理，通知 ui ，并设为 STATE_LISTEN 状态private void connectionFailed() {setState(STATE_LISTEN);Message msg = mHandler.obtainMessage(BluetoothChat.MESSAGE_TOAST);Bundle bundle = new Bundle();bundle.putString(BluetoothChat.TOAST, "链接不到设备");msg.setData(bundle);mHandler.sendMessage(msg);}// 当连接失去的时候，设为 STATE_LISTEN 状态并通知 uiprivate void connectionLost() {setState(STATE_LISTEN);Message msg = mHandler.obtainMessage(BluetoothChat.MESSAGE_TOAST);Bundle bundle = new Bundle();bundle.putString(BluetoothChat.TOAST, "设备链接中断");msg.setData(bundle);mHandler.sendMessage(msg);}// 创建监听线程，准备接受新连接。使用阻塞方式，调用 BluetoothServerSocket.accept()private class AcceptThread extends Thread {private final BluetoothServerSocket mmServerSocket;public AcceptThread() {BluetoothServerSocket tmp = null;try {//使用射频端口（RF comm）监听tmp = mAdapter.listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord(NAME, MY_UUID);} catch (IOException e) {}mmServerSocket = tmp;}@Overridepublic void run() {setName("AcceptThread");BluetoothSocket socket = null;while (mState != STATE_CONNECTED) {try {socket = mmServerSocket.accept();} catch (IOException e) {break;}if (socket != null) {synchronized (ChatService.this) {switch (mState) {case STATE_LISTEN:case STATE_CONNECTING:connected(socket, socket.getRemoteDevice());break;case STATE_NONE:case STATE_CONNECTED:try {socket.close();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}break;}}}}}public void cancel() {try {mmServerSocket.close();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}/*连接线程，专门用来对外发出连接对方蓝牙的请求和处理流程。构造函数里通过 BluetoothDevice.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord() ，从待连接的 device 产生 BluetoothSocket. 然后在 run 方法中 connect ，成功后调用 BluetoothChatSevice 的 connected() 方法。定义 cancel() 在关闭线程时能够关闭相关socket 。*/private class ConnectThread extends Thread {private final BluetoothSocket mmSocket;private final BluetoothDevice mmDevice;public ConnectThread(BluetoothDevice device) {mmDevice = device;BluetoothSocket tmp = null;try {tmp = device.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(MY_UUID);} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}mmSocket = tmp;}@Overridepublic void run() {setName("ConnectThread");mAdapter.cancelDiscovery();try {mmSocket.connect();} catch (IOException e) {connectionFailed();try {mmSocket.close();} catch (IOException e2) {e.printStackTrace();}ChatService.this.start();return;}synchronized (ChatService.this) {mConnectThread = null;}connected(mmSocket, mmDevice);}public void cancel() {try {mmSocket.close();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}/*双方蓝牙连接后一直运行的线程；构造函数中设置输入输出流。run()方法中使用阻塞模式的 InputStream.read()循环读取输入流，然后发送到 UI 线程中更新聊天消息。本线程也提供了 write() 将聊天消息写入输出流传输至对方，传输成功后回写入 UI 线程。最后使用cancel()关闭连接的 socket*/private class ConnectedThread extends Thread {private final BluetoothSocket mmSocket;private final InputStream mmInStream;private final OutputStream mmOutStream;public ConnectedThread(BluetoothSocket socket) {mmSocket = socket;InputStream tmpIn = null;OutputStream tmpOut = null;try {tmpIn = socket.getInputStream();tmpOut = socket.getOutputStream();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}mmInStream = tmpIn;mmOutStream = tmpOut;}@Overridepublic void run() {byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];int bytes;while (true) {try {bytes = mmInStream.read(buffer);mHandler.obtainMessage(BluetoothChat.MESSAGE_READ, bytes, -1, buffer).sendToTarget();} catch (IOException e) {connectionLost();break;}}}public void write(byte[] buffer) {try {mmOutStream.write(buffer);mHandler.obtainMessage(BluetoothChat.MESSAGE_WRITE, -1, -1, buffer).sendToTarget();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}public void cancel() {try {mmSocket.close();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}
}

activity布局效果：

结果展示

这个程序在虚拟机上跑是看不出效果的，所以最好连接一下真机，具体安卓连接真机可以参考这一篇11111111111
连接上真机后，不用打开设备管理器查看手机，直接打开AS，会看到我的华为：

在真机上就是这么个效果：

这是本人的gitee
本人的gitee
参考链接：
http://www.wustwzx.com/as/sy/sy09.html#mk2

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作业六：安卓实现蓝牙通信

安卓如何实现蓝牙通信？

功能说明

项目结构

核心代码

结果展示

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