《C语言》stdint.h 文件
2024-04-23 09:17:01
<stdint.h> 定义了 int16_t 、 uint32_t 、 int64_t 等整型，在需要确定大小的整型时可以使用它们代替 short 、 unsigned long long 等，在 C 整型中，只使用 int 。适当情况下，推 荐使用标准类型如 size_t 和 ptrdiff_t 。
最常使用的是，对整数来说，通常不会用到太大，如循环计数等，可以使用普通的 int 。 你可以认为 int 至少为 32 位，但不要认为它会多于 32 位，需要 64 位整型的话，可以使用int64_t 或 uint64_t 。对于大整数，使用 int64_t 。
不要使用 uint32_t 等无符号整型，除非你是在表示一个 位组（ bit pattern ） 而不是一个 数值。即使数值不会为负值也不要使用无符号类型，使用断言来保护数据。
有些人，包括一些教科书作者，推荐使用无符号类型表示非负数，类型表明了数值取值形 式 。但是，在 C 语言中，这一优点被由其导致的 bugs 所淹没。看看：
for (unsigned int i = foo.Length()-1; i >= 0; --i)
上述代码永远不会终止！有时 gcc 会发现该 bug 并报警，但通常不会。类似的 bug 还会 出现在比较有符合变量和无符号变量时，主要是 C 的 类型提升机制（ type-promotion
scheme ， C 语言中各种内建类型之间的提升转换关系） 会致使无符号类型的行为出乎你 的意料。因此，使用断言声明变量为非负数，不要使用无符号型。
按照posix标准，一般整型对应的*_t类型为：
1字节 uint8_t
2字节 uint16_t
4字节 uint32_t
8字节 uint64_t stdint.h文件如下：
/* Copyright (C) 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of the GNU C Library.
The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
Lesser General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
License along with the GNU C Library; if not, write to the Free
Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA
02111-1307 USA. *//*
* ISO C99: 7.18 Integer types <stdint.h>
*/#ifndef _STDINT_H
#define _STDINT_H 1#include <features.h>
#include <bits/wchar.h>
#include <bits/wordsize.h>/* Exact integral types. *//* Signed. *//* There is some amount of overlap with <sys/types.h> as known by inet code */
#ifndef __int8_t_defined
# define __int8_t_defined
typedef signed char int8_t;
typedef short int int16_t;
typedef int int32_t;
# if __WORDSIZE == 64
typedef long int int64_t;
# else
__extension__
typedef long long int int64_t;
# endif
#endif/* Unsigned. */
typedef unsigned char uint8_t;
typedef unsigned short int uint16_t;
#ifndef __uint32_t_defined
typedef unsigned int uint32_t;
# define __uint32_t_defined
#endif
#if __WORDSIZE == 64
typedef unsigned long int uint64_t;
#else
__extension__
typedef unsigned long long int uint64_t;
#endif/* Small types. *//* Signed. */
typedef signed char int_least8_t;
typedef short int int_least16_t;
typedef int int_least32_t;
#if __WORDSIZE == 64
typedef long int int_least64_t;
#else
__extension__
typedef long long int int_least64_t;
#endif/* Unsigned. */
typedef unsigned char uint_least8_t;
typedef unsigned short int uint_least16_t;
typedef unsigned int uint_least32_t;
#if __WORDSIZE == 64
typedef unsigned long int uint_least64_t;
#else
__extension__
typedef unsigned long long int uint_least64_t;
#endif/* Fast types. *//* Signed. */
typedef signed char int_fast8_t;
#if __WORDSIZE == 64
typedef long int int_fast16_t;
typedef long int int_fast32_t;
typedef long int int_fast64_t;
#else
typedef int int_fast16_t;
typedef int int_fast32_t;
__extension__
typedef long long int int_fast64_t;
#endif/* Unsigned. */
typedef unsigned char uint_fast8_t;
#if __WORDSIZE == 64
typedef unsigned long int uint_fast16_t;
typedef unsigned long int uint_fast32_t;
typedef unsigned long int uint_fast64_t;
#else
typedef unsigned int uint_fast16_t;
typedef unsigned int uint_fast32_t;
__extension__
typedef unsigned long long int uint_fast64_t;
#endif/* Types for `void *' pointers. */
#if __WORDSIZE == 64
# ifndef __intptr_t_defined
typedef long int intptr_t;
# define __intptr_t_defined
# endif
typedef unsigned long int uintptr_t;
#else
# ifndef __intptr_t_defined
typedef int intptr_t;
# define __intptr_t_defined
# endif
typedef unsigned int uintptr_t;
#endif/* Largest integral types. */
#if __WORDSIZE == 64
typedef long int intmax_t;
typedef unsigned long int uintmax_t;
#else
__extension__
typedef long long int intmax_t;
__extension__
typedef unsigned long long int uintmax_t;
#endif/* The ISO C99 standard specifies that in C++ implementations these
macros should only be defined if explicitly requested. */
#if !defined __cplusplus || defined __STDC_LIMIT_MACROS# if __WORDSIZE == 64
# define __INT64_C(c) c ## L
# define __UINT64_C(c) c ## UL
# else
# define __INT64_C(c) c ## LL
# define __UINT64_C(c) c ## ULL
# endif/* Limits of integral types. *//* Minimum of signed integral types. */
# define INT8_MIN (-128)
# define INT16_MIN (-32767-1)
# define INT32_MIN (-2147483647-1)
# define INT64_MIN (-__INT64_C(9223372036854775807)-1)
/* Maximum of signed integral types. */
# define INT8_MAX (127)
# define INT16_MAX (32767)
# define INT32_MAX (2147483647)
# define INT64_MAX (__INT64_C(9223372036854775807))/* Maximum of unsigned integral types. */
# define UINT8_MAX (255)
# define UINT16_MAX (65535)
# define UINT32_MAX (4294967295U)
# define UINT64_MAX (__UINT64_C(18446744073709551615))/* Minimum of signed integral types having a minimum size. */
# define INT_LEAST8_MIN (-128)
# define INT_LEAST16_MIN (-32767-1)
# define INT_LEAST32_MIN (-2147483647-1)
# define INT_LEAST64_MIN (-__INT64_C(9223372036854775807)-1)
/* Maximum of signed integral types having a minimum size. */
# define INT_LEAST8_MAX (127)
# define INT_LEAST16_MAX (32767)
# define INT_LEAST32_MAX (2147483647)
# define INT_LEAST64_MAX (__INT64_C(9223372036854775807))/* Maximum of unsigned integral types having a minimum size. */
# define UINT_LEAST8_MAX (255)
# define UINT_LEAST16_MAX (65535)
# define UINT_LEAST32_MAX (4294967295U)
# define UINT_LEAST64_MAX (__UINT64_C(18446744073709551615))/* Minimum of fast signed integral types having a minimum size. */
# define INT_FAST8_MIN (-128)
# if __WORDSIZE == 64
# define INT_FAST16_MIN (-9223372036854775807L-1)
# define INT_FAST32_MIN (-9223372036854775807L-1)
# else
# define INT_FAST16_MIN (-2147483647-1)
# define INT_FAST32_MIN (-2147483647-1)
# endif
# define INT_FAST64_MIN (-__INT64_C(9223372036854775807)-1)
/* Maximum of fast signed integral types having a minimum size. */
# define INT_FAST8_MAX (127)
# if __WORDSIZE == 64
# define INT_FAST16_MAX (9223372036854775807L)
# define INT_FAST32_MAX (9223372036854775807L)
# else
# define INT_FAST16_MAX (2147483647)
# define INT_FAST32_MAX (2147483647)
# endif
# define INT_FAST64_MAX (__INT64_C(9223372036854775807))/* Maximum of fast unsigned integral types having a minimum size. */
# define UINT_FAST8_MAX (255)
# if __WORDSIZE == 64
# define UINT_FAST16_MAX (18446744073709551615UL)
# define UINT_FAST32_MAX (18446744073709551615UL)
# else
# define UINT_FAST16_MAX (4294967295U)
# define UINT_FAST32_MAX (4294967295U)
# endif
# define UINT_FAST64_MAX (__UINT64_C(18446744073709551615))/* Values to test for integral types holding `void *' pointer. */
# if __WORDSIZE == 64
# define INTPTR_MIN (-9223372036854775807L-1)
# define INTPTR_MAX (9223372036854775807L)
# define UINTPTR_MAX (18446744073709551615UL)
# else
# define INTPTR_MIN (-2147483647-1)
# define INTPTR_MAX (2147483647)
# define UINTPTR_MAX (4294967295U)
# endif/* Minimum for largest signed integral type. */
# define INTMAX_MIN (-__INT64_C(9223372036854775807)-1)
/* Maximum for largest signed integral type. */
# define INTMAX_MAX (__INT64_C(9223372036854775807))/* Maximum for largest unsigned integral type. */
# define UINTMAX_MAX (__UINT64_C(18446744073709551615))/* Limits of other integer types. *//* Limits of `ptrdiff_t' type. */
# if __WORDSIZE == 64
# define PTRDIFF_MIN (-9223372036854775807L-1)
# define PTRDIFF_MAX (9223372036854775807L)
# else
# define PTRDIFF_MIN (-2147483647-1)
# define PTRDIFF_MAX (2147483647)
# endif/* Limits of `sig_atomic_t'. */
# define SIG_ATOMIC_MIN (-2147483647-1)
# define SIG_ATOMIC_MAX (2147483647)/* Limit of `size_t' type. */
# if __WORDSIZE == 64
# define SIZE_MAX (18446744073709551615UL)
# else
# define SIZE_MAX (4294967295U)
# endif/* Limits of `wchar_t'. */
# ifndef WCHAR_MIN
/* These constants might also be defined in <wchar.h>. */
# define WCHAR_MIN __WCHAR_MIN
# define WCHAR_MAX __WCHAR_MAX
# endif/* Limits of `wint_t'. */
# define WINT_MIN (0u)
# define WINT_MAX (4294967295u)#endif /* C++ && limit macros *//* The ISO C99 standard specifies that in C++ implementations these
should only be defined if explicitly requested. */
#if !defined __cplusplus || defined __STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS/* Signed. */
# define INT8_C(c) c
# define INT16_C(c) c
# define INT32_C(c) c
# if __WORDSIZE == 64
# define INT64_C(c) c ## L
# else
# define INT64_C(c) c ## LL
# endif/* Unsigned. */
# define UINT8_C(c) c ## U
# define UINT16_C(c) c ## U
# define UINT32_C(c) c ## U
# if __WORDSIZE == 64
# define UINT64_C(c) c ## UL
# else
# define UINT64_C(c) c ## ULL
# endif/* Maximal type. */
# if __WORDSIZE == 64
# define INTMAX_C(c) c ## L
# define UINTMAX_C(c) c ## UL
# else
# define INTMAX_C(c) c ## LL
# define UINTMAX_C(c) c ## ULL
# endif#endif /* C++ && constant macros */#endif /* stdint.h */
转自https://blog.csdn.net/swartz_lubel/article/details/77171191
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