RedHat 7 更换 yum 源为 CentOS 或网易镜像源

安装RedHat 7 操作系统后，使用 yum 安装软件时，总会有一句烦人的提示挡住操作进程：

This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.

提醒用户:"操作系统还没有注册，赶紧使用订阅管理器去注册吧"，翻译过来就是：“交钱了么？想用就赶紧去交钱”

这里，就记录一下RedHat 7更换yum源为网易镜像的操作方法

一·检查 yum 的安装包

用 rpm -qa |grep yum 命令来查看 RHEL 是否安装了yum，如果安装了，就会显示系统安装的那些yum包

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep yum
# 显示已安装的 yum 包
yum-utils-1.1.31-24.el7.noarch
yum-langpacks-0.4.2-3.el7.noarch
yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64
yum-rhn-plugin-2.0.1-4.el7.noarch
PackageKit-yum-0.8.9-11.el7.x86_64
yum-3.4.3-118.el7.noarch

二·卸载 RedHat 自带的 yum 包

执行一下指令，进行卸载，包名和上一步操作的对应

rpm -e yum-utils-1.1.31-24.el7.noarch --nodeps
rpm -e yum-langpacks-0.4.2-3.el7.noarch  --nodeps
rpm -e yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64  --nodeps
rpm -e yum-rhn-plugin-2.0.1-4.el7.noarch  --nodeps
rpm -e PackageKit-yum-0.8.9-11.el7.x86_64  --nodeps
rpm -e yum-3.4.3-118.el7.noarch  --nodeps

执行 rpm -qa | grep yum 检查是否卸载干净，没有返回则表示已经卸载干净。

三·下载新的 yum 软件包

可以从网易镜像或者CentOS提供的镜像源地址下载对应的 rpm 包

网易163网络源地址：
http://mirrors.163.com/CentOS网络源地址：
http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/

这里选择的是网易源，执行一下操作下载安装包

# 下载 yum 的相关安装包
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-3.4.3-167.el7.centos.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-utils-1.1.31-53.el7.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-updateonboot-1.1.31-53.el7.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-53.el7.noarch.rpm# 下载 yum 安装包相关的依赖包，安装上述的 yum 安装包时会因缺少相关依赖而被迫中止
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/python-urlgrabber-3.10-10.el7.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/rpm-4.11.3-43.el7.x86_64.rpm

四·安装 yum 安装包及其依赖

首先需要将两个依赖包进行安装

rpm -ivh python-urlgrabber-3.10-10.el7.noarch.rpm# 使用 --force 参数表示强制安装，是因为原系统中已经安装了较低版本的rpm，不使用此参数会导致安装失败
rpm -ivh rpm-4.11.3-43.el7.x86_64.rpm  --force

安装 yum 安装包

直接用通配符 * 表示安装所有的 yum 包
rpm -ivh yum*

五·新建配置文件CentOS

在 /etc/yum.repo.d文件夹下新建文件CentOS-Base.repo，复制并粘贴以下文件

#CentOS-Base.repo## The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and# geographically close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.## If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the# remarked out baseurl= line instead.#[base]name=CentOS-$7 - Base - 163.com#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$7&arch=$basearch&repo=osbaseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/$basearch/gpgcheck=1gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7#released updates[updates]name=CentOS-$7 - Updates - 163.com#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$7&arch=$basearch&repo=updatesbaseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/updates/$basearch/gpgcheck=1gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7#additional packages that may be useful[extras]name=CentOS-$7 - Extras - 163.com#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$7&arch=$basearch&repo=extrasbaseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/extras/$basearch/gpgcheck=1gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages[centosplus]name=CentOS-$7 - Plus - 163.combaseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/centosplus/$basearch/gpgcheck=1enabled=0gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

六·生成缓存

依次运行如下指令

[root@localhost ~]# yum clean all# 生成缓存
[root@localhost ~]# yum makecache[root@localhost ~]# yum update

七·安装验证

使用 yum 安装 httpd 软件，出现 complete 即表示 yum 源更换成功

[root@localhost ~]# yum install httpd
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, product-id, subscription-manager
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-17.el7 will be updated
---> Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-93.el7.centos will be an update
--> Processing Dependency: httpd-tools = 2.4.6-93.el7.centos for package: httpd-2.4.6-93.el7.centos.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-17.el7 will be updated
---> Package httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-93.el7.centos will be an update
--> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved================================================================================Package            Arch          Version                     Repository   Size
================================================================================
Updating:httpd              x86_64        2.4.6-93.el7.centos         base        2.7 M
Updating for dependencies:httpd-tools        x86_64        2.4.6-93.el7.centos         base         92 kTransaction Summary
================================================================================
Upgrade  1 Package (+1 Dependent package)Total download size: 2.8 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
No Presto metadata available for base
warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/$releasever/base/packages/httpd-tools-2.4.6-93.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
Public key for httpd-tools-2.4.6-93.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm is not installed
(1/2): httpd-tools-2.4.6-93.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm          |  92 kB   00:00
(2/2): httpd-2.4.6-93.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm                | 2.7 MB   00:01
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                              2.1 MB/s | 2.8 MB  00:01
Retrieving key from http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
Importing GPG key 0xF4A80EB5:Userid     : "CentOS-7 Key (CentOS 7 Official Signing Key) <security@centos.org>"Fingerprint: 6341 ab27 53d7 8a78 a7c2 7bb1 24c6 a8a7 f4a8 0eb5From       : http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum.
** Found 4 pre-existing rpmdb problem(s), 'yum check' output follows:
PackageKit-0.8.9-11.el7.x86_64 has missing requires of PackageKit-backend
python-urlgrabber-3.10-10.el7.noarch is a duplicate with python-urlgrabber-3.10-4.el7.noarch
rhn-check-2.0.2-5.el7.noarch has missing requires of yum-rhn-plugin >= ('0', '1.6.4', '1')
rpm-4.11.3-43.el7.x86_64 is a duplicate with rpm-4.11.1-16.el7.x86_64Updating   : httpd-tools-2.4.6-93.el7.centos.x86_64                       1/4 Updating   : httpd-2.4.6-93.el7.centos.x86_64                             2/4 Cleanup    : httpd-2.4.6-17.el7.x86_64                                    3/4 Cleanup    : httpd-tools-2.4.6-17.el7.x86_64                              4/4 Verifying  : httpd-tools-2.4.6-93.el7.centos.x86_64                       1/4 Verifying  : httpd-2.4.6-93.el7.centos.x86_64                             2/4 Verifying  : httpd-tools-2.4.6-17.el7.x86_64                              3/4 Verifying  : httpd-2.4.6-17.el7.x86_64                                    4/4 Updated:httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-93.el7.centos                                            Dependency Updated:httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-93.el7.centos                                      Complete!

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RedHat 7 更换 yum 源为 CentOS 或网易镜像源

一·检查 yum 的安装包

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