2019/3/28 星期四
Linux系列之fdisk 分区挂盘

[root@hadoop04-184 ~]# df -Th
Filesystem              Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs        47G  8.3G   39G  18% /
devtmpfs                devtmpfs  3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs                   tmpfs     3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                   tmpfs     3.9G  8.9M  3.9G   1% /run
tmpfs                   tmpfs     3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1               xfs      1014M  173M  842M  18% /boot
tmpfs                   tmpfs     783M     0  783M   0% /run/user/0

我们的根目录分配了50G 比较少，我们挂一个/data 盘分给100G

//现在虚拟机上，挂载硬盘上去
具体操作如下

[root@hadoop04-184 ~]# fdisk -l   Disk /dev/sdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x7f7d07a7Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  SystemDisk /dev/sda: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000e6745Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         2099200   104857599    51379200   8e  Linux LVMDisk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 50.5 GB, 50457477120 bytes, 98549760 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes[root@hadoop04-184 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb   //我们来给/dev/sdb 分区
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.Command (m for help): m
Command actiona   toggle a bootable flagb   edit bsd disklabel             c   toggle the dos compatibility flagd   delete a partition       *（删除一个分区）l   list known partition types         （和ls -l的意思一样的 列出分区的类型）m   print this menu           *（打印菜单 就是查看帮助）n   add a new partition       *（new 创建一个分区）o   create a new empty DOS partition tablep   print the partition table     *（print打印分区表）q   quit without saving changes        *（quit 退出不保存）s   create a new empty Sun disklabel    （创建一个新的空的sun ）t   change a partition's system id      *（改变一个分区的系统id）u   change display/entry unitsv   verify the partition tablew   write table to disk and exit       *（保存并退出）x   extra functionality (experts only)Command (m for help): p  Disk /dev/sdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x7f7d07a7Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  SystemCommand (m for help): n
Partition type:e   extended                   扩展分区p   primary partition (1-4)    主分区接下来选择pPartition number (1-4): 1       第一块分区的名字
First sector (2048-2097151, default 2048):   这里直接回车表示默认从2048扇区开始
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-2097151, default 2097151): //直接回车把所有的都给1Command (m for help): pDisk /dev/sdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x7f7d07a7Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1            2048   209715199   104856576   83  Linux
Command (m for help): w //保存退出
The partition table has been altered!Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

[root@hadoop04-184 ~]# partprobe /dev/sdb  （这里命令是告诉linux内核，我们修改了你的分区表）partprobe - inform the OS of partition table changes
通知操作系统分区表的变化，不执行这个命令就需要重新启动操作系统 ，执行了这个命令就不需要了。

在centos6.5系统中[root@hdfs-node02-90-149--22 /etc/yum.repos.d]# partprobe /dev/sdb
-bash: partprobe: command not found
解决方法：参考链接为：https://blog.51cto.com/tonychiu/326592

[root@server1 ~]# partprobe
-bash: partprobe: command not found
[root@server1 ~]# yum -y install parted
[root@server1 ~]# partprobe

分区好了，接下来就是格式化
接下来格式化，创建文件系统。

[root@hadoop04-184 ~]# mkfs
mkfs         mkfs.btrfs   mkfs.cramfs  mkfs.ext2    mkfs.ext3    mkfs.ext4    mkfs.minix   mkfs.xfs
[root@hadoop04-184 ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1
这里命令就是可视化，指定文件系统的类型为xfs
...
...
...[root@hadoop04-184 ~]# tune2fs -c -1 /dev/sdb1    （不让他检查的意思）

[root@linux6 ~]# df -Th
Filesystem     Type   Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3      ext4   7.1G  1.6G  5.1G  25% /
tmpfs          tmpfs  491M     0  491M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1      ext4   194M   29M  155M  16% /boot
[root@linux6 /]# cd mnt/
[root@linux6 mnt]# ll
total 0
[root@linux6 mnt]# mkdir data1  （创建挂载点）
[root@linux6 mnt]# ll
total 4
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 2017-12-21 15:53 data1
[root@linux6 mnt]# cd ~
[root@linux6 ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/data1/         （挂载上去）
[root@linux6 ~]# df -Th
Filesystem     Type   Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3      ext4   7.1G  1.6G  5.1G  25% /
tmpfs          tmpfs  491M     0  491M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1      ext4   194M   29M  155M  16% /boot
/dev/sdb1      ext4    16M  1.2M   14M   8% /mnt/data1
[root@linux6 ~]# cd /mnt/data1/
[root@linux6 data1]# touch majihui.txt
[root@linux6 data1]# echo "i love datcent" > majihui.txt
[root@linux6 data1]# cat majihui.txt
i love datcent

上面的这个挂载情况，重启服务器之后，就没有了

我们接下里用
挂载可以用设备也可以用uuid 要想让他开机自挂起磁盘的话，就需要在/etc/fstab 上去添加

一般情况下：不用uuid的方法

[root@hadoop04-184 ~]# vim /etc/fstab #
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Wed Jan 16 18:21:38 2019
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/centos-root /                       xfs     defaults,noatime        0 0
UUID=94663c29-d395-4cd0-8cac-1f0d6dea8969 /boot                   xfs     defaults        0 0
/dev/mapper/centos-swap swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
/dev/sdb1 /data                    xfs    defaults,noatime        0 0
然后重启就好了[root@hadoop04-184 ~]# df -Th
Filesystem              Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs        47G  8.3G   39G  18% /
devtmpfs                devtmpfs  3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs                   tmpfs     3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                   tmpfs     3.9G  8.9M  3.9G   1% /run
tmpfs                   tmpfs     3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1               xfs      1014M  173M  842M  18% /boot
/dev/sdb1               xfs       100G  1.3G   99G   2% /data
tmpfs                   tmpfs     783M     0  783M   0% /run/user/0
cm_processes            tmpfs     3.9G  1.4M  3.9G   1% /run/cloudera-scm-agent/process