前言

因为项目需要上位机软件与下位机的蓝牙模块进行通讯，所以上网查阅了很多关于蓝牙通讯的资料。刚开始以为使用现成的库就可以了，像InTheHand，发现无法搜索到蓝牙设备。后来查询资料知道，由于我们的下位机使用的是低功耗蓝牙，很多蓝牙通讯的库不适用低功耗蓝牙。再后来发现，我们的上位机软件是使用WinForm开发的，网上关于WinForm开发低功耗蓝牙的资料很少。整个开发过程挺不容易的，也踩了很多坑，终于可以正常与蓝牙模块进行通讯了。

一、添加引用

需要引用Windows.winmd，不过我发现按照网上说的路径添加引用，程序编译不通过，所以我把Windows.winmd文件和源代码一块打包，在Debug目录下，代码地址见文末。

二、使用步骤

1.蓝牙通讯类

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Windows.Devices.Bluetooth;
using Windows.Devices.Bluetooth.GenericAttributeProfile;
using Windows.Devices.Enumeration;
using Windows.Foundation;
using Windows.Networking;
using Windows.Networking.Proximity;
using Windows.Networking.Sockets;
using Windows.Security.Cryptography;
using Windows.Storage.Streams;namespace Test
{public class BleCore{public enum MsgType{NotifyTxt,BleData,BleDevice}private Boolean asyncLock = false;/// <summary>/// 搜索蓝牙设备对象/// </summary>private Windows.Devices.Bluetooth.Advertisement.BluetoothLEAdvertisementWatcher deviceWatcher;/// <summary>/// 当前连接的服务/// </summary>public GattDeviceService CurrentService { get; set; }/// <summary>/// 当前连接的蓝牙设备/// </summary>public BluetoothLEDevice CurrentDevice { get; set; }/// <summary>/// 写特征对象/// </summary>public GattCharacteristic CurrentWriteCharacteristic { get; set; }/// <summary>/// 通知特征对象/// </summary>public GattCharacteristic CurrentNotifyCharacteristic { get; set; }/// <summary>/// 特性通知类型通知启用/// </summary>private const GattClientCharacteristicConfigurationDescriptorValue CHARACTERISTIC_NOTIFICATION_TYPE = GattClientCharacteristicConfigurationDescriptorValue.Notify;/// <summary>/// 存储检测到的设备/// </summary>private List<BluetoothLEDevice> DeviceList = new List<BluetoothLEDevice>();/// <summary>/// 定义搜索蓝牙设备委托/// </summary>public delegate void DeviceWatcherChangedEvent(MsgType type, BluetoothLEDevice bluetoothLEDevice);/// <summary>/// 搜索蓝牙事件/// </summary>public event DeviceWatcherChangedEvent DeviceWatcherChanged;/// <summary>/// 获取服务委托/// </summary>public delegate void GattDeviceServiceAddedEvent(GattDeviceService gattDeviceService);/// <summary>/// 获取服务事件/// </summary>public event GattDeviceServiceAddedEvent GattDeviceServiceAdded;/// <summary>/// 获取特征委托/// </summary>public delegate void CharacteristicAddedEvent(GattCharacteristic gattCharacteristic);/// <summary>/// 获取特征事件/// </summary>public event CharacteristicAddedEvent CharacteristicAdded;/// <summary>/// 提示信息委托/// </summary>public delegate void MessAgeChangedEvent(MsgType type, string message, byte[] data = null);/// <summary>/// 提示信息事件/// </summary>public event MessAgeChangedEvent MessAgeChanged;/// <summary>/// 当前连接的蓝牙Mac/// </summary>private string CurrentDeviceMAC { get; set; }public BleCore(){}/// <summary>/// 搜索蓝牙设备/// </summary>public void StartBleDeviceWatcher(){this.deviceWatcher = new Windows.Devices.Bluetooth.Advertisement.BluetoothLEAdvertisementWatcher();this.deviceWatcher.ScanningMode = Windows.Devices.Bluetooth.Advertisement.BluetoothLEScanningMode.Active;this.deviceWatcher.SignalStrengthFilter.InRangeThresholdInDBm = -80;this.deviceWatcher.SignalStrengthFilter.OutOfRangeThresholdInDBm = -90;this.deviceWatcher.SignalStrengthFilter.OutOfRangeTimeout = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(5000);this.deviceWatcher.SignalStrengthFilter.SamplingInterval = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(2000);this.deviceWatcher.Received += DeviceWatcher_Received;this.deviceWatcher.Start();}private void DeviceWatcher_Received(Windows.Devices.Bluetooth.Advertisement.BluetoothLEAdvertisementWatcher sender, Windows.Devices.Bluetooth.Advertisement.BluetoothLEAdvertisementReceivedEventArgs args){BluetoothLEDevice.FromBluetoothAddressAsync(args.BluetoothAddress).Completed = async (asyncInfo, asyncStatus) =>{if (asyncStatus == AsyncStatus.Completed){if (asyncInfo.GetResults() != null){BluetoothLEDevice currentDevice = asyncInfo.GetResults();Boolean contain = false;foreach (BluetoothLEDevice device in DeviceList)//过滤重复的设备{if (device.DeviceId == currentDevice.DeviceId){contain = true;}}if (!contain){this.DeviceList.Add(currentDevice);this.DeviceWatcherChanged(MsgType.BleDevice, currentDevice);}}}};}/// <summary>/// 停止搜索蓝牙/// </summary>public void StopBleDeviceWatcher(){this.deviceWatcher.Stop();}/// <summary>/// 获取发现的蓝牙设备/// </summary>/// <param name="sender"></param>/// <param name="args"></param>private void DeviceWatcher_Added(DeviceWatcher sender, DeviceInformation args){this.MessAgeChanged(MsgType.NotifyTxt, "发现设备:" + args.Id);this.Matching(args.Id);}/// <summary>/// 停止搜索蓝牙设备/// </summary>/// <param name="sender"></param>/// <param name="args"></param>private void DeviceWatcher_Stopped(DeviceWatcher sender, object args){string msg = "自动发现设备停止";this.MessAgeChanged(MsgType.NotifyTxt, msg);}/// <summary>/// 匹配/// </summary>/// <param name="Device"></param>public void StartMatching(BluetoothLEDevice Device){this.CurrentDevice = Device;}/// <summary>/// 获取蓝牙服务/// </summary>public async void FindService(){this.CurrentDevice.GetGattServicesAsync().Completed = async (asyncInfo, asyncStatus) =>{if (asyncStatus == AsyncStatus.Completed){var services = asyncInfo.GetResults().Services;foreach (GattDeviceService ser in services){this.GattDeviceServiceAdded(ser);}}};}/// <summary>/// 获取特性/// </summary>public async void FindCharacteristic(GattDeviceService gattDeviceService){this.CurrentService = gattDeviceService;this.CurrentService.GetCharacteristicsAsync().Completed = async (asyncInfo, asyncStatus) =>{if (asyncStatus == AsyncStatus.Completed){var characteristics = asyncInfo.GetResults().Characteristics;foreach (GattCharacteristic characteristic in characteristics){this.CharacteristicAdded(characteristic);}}};}/// <summary>/// 获取操作/// </summary>/// <returns></returns>public async Task SetOpteron(GattCharacteristic gattCharacteristic){if (gattCharacteristic.CharacteristicProperties == (GattCharacteristicProperties.Write | GattCharacteristicProperties.WriteWithoutResponse)){this.CurrentWriteCharacteristic = gattCharacteristic;}if (gattCharacteristic.CharacteristicProperties == GattCharacteristicProperties.Notify){this.CurrentNotifyCharacteristic = gattCharacteristic;}if ((uint)gattCharacteristic.CharacteristicProperties == 26){ }if (gattCharacteristic.CharacteristicProperties == (GattCharacteristicProperties.Notify | GattCharacteristicProperties.Read | GattCharacteristicProperties.Write)){this.CurrentWriteCharacteristic = gattCharacteristic;this.CurrentNotifyCharacteristic = gattCharacteristic;this.CurrentNotifyCharacteristic.ProtectionLevel = GattProtectionLevel.Plain;this.CurrentNotifyCharacteristic.ValueChanged += Characteristic_ValueChanged;await this.EnableNotifications(CurrentNotifyCharacteristic);}this.Connect();}/// <summary>/// 连接蓝牙/// </summary>/// <returns></returns>private async Task Connect(){byte[] _Bytes1 = BitConverter.GetBytes(this.CurrentDevice.BluetoothAddress);Array.Reverse(_Bytes1);this.CurrentDeviceMAC = BitConverter.ToString(_Bytes1, 2, 6).Replace('-', ':').ToLower();string msg = "正在连接设备<" + this.CurrentDeviceMAC + ">..";this.MessAgeChanged(MsgType.NotifyTxt, msg);this.CurrentDevice.ConnectionStatusChanged += this.CurrentDevice_ConnectionStatusChanged;}/// <summary>/// 搜索到的蓝牙设备/// </summary>/// <returns></returns>private async Task Matching(string Id){try{BluetoothLEDevice.FromIdAsync(Id).Completed = async (asyncInfo, asyncStatus) =>{if (asyncStatus == AsyncStatus.Completed){BluetoothLEDevice bleDevice = asyncInfo.GetResults();this.DeviceList.Add(bleDevice);this.DeviceWatcherChanged(MsgType.BleDevice, bleDevice);}};}catch (Exception e){string msg = "没有发现设备" + e.ToString();this.MessAgeChanged(MsgType.NotifyTxt, msg);this.StartBleDeviceWatcher();}}/// <summary>/// 主动断开连接/// </summary>/// <returns></returns>public void Dispose(){CurrentDeviceMAC = null;CurrentService?.Dispose();CurrentDevice?.Dispose();CurrentDevice = null;CurrentService = null;CurrentWriteCharacteristic = null;CurrentNotifyCharacteristic = null;MessAgeChanged(MsgType.NotifyTxt, "主动断开连接");}private void CurrentDevice_ConnectionStatusChanged(BluetoothLEDevice sender, object args){if (sender.ConnectionStatus == BluetoothConnectionStatus.Disconnected && CurrentDeviceMAC != null){string msg = "设备已断开,自动重连";MessAgeChanged(MsgType.NotifyTxt, msg);if (!asyncLock){asyncLock = true;this.CurrentDevice.Dispose();this.CurrentDevice = null;CurrentService = null;CurrentWriteCharacteristic = null;CurrentNotifyCharacteristic = null;SelectDeviceFromIdAsync(CurrentDeviceMAC);}}else{string msg = "设备已连接";MessAgeChanged(MsgType.NotifyTxt, msg);}}/// <summary>/// 按MAC地址直接组装设备ID查找设备/// </summary>public async Task SelectDeviceFromIdAsync(string MAC){CurrentDeviceMAC = MAC;CurrentDevice = null;BluetoothAdapter.GetDefaultAsync().Completed = async (asyncInfo, asyncStatus) =>{if (asyncStatus == AsyncStatus.Completed){BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter = asyncInfo.GetResults();if (mBluetoothAdapter != null){await Matching(MAC);}else{string msg = "查找连接蓝牙设备异常.";}}};}/// <summary>/// 设置特征对象为接收通知对象/// </summary>/// <param name="characteristic"></param>/// <returns></returns>public async Task EnableNotifications(GattCharacteristic characteristic){string msg = "收通知对象=" + CurrentDevice.ConnectionStatus;this.MessAgeChanged(MsgType.NotifyTxt, msg);characteristic.WriteClientCharacteristicConfigurationDescriptorAsync(CHARACTERISTIC_NOTIFICATION_TYPE).Completed = async (asyncInfo, asyncStatus) =>{if (asyncStatus == AsyncStatus.Completed){GattCommunicationStatus status = asyncInfo.GetResults();if (status == GattCommunicationStatus.Unreachable){msg = "设备不可用";this.MessAgeChanged(MsgType.NotifyTxt, msg);if (CurrentNotifyCharacteristic != null && !asyncLock){await this.EnableNotifications(CurrentNotifyCharacteristic);}}asyncLock = false;msg = "设备连接状态" + status;this.MessAgeChanged(MsgType.NotifyTxt, msg);}};}/// <summary>/// 接受到蓝牙数据/// </summary>private void Characteristic_ValueChanged(GattCharacteristic sender, GattValueChangedEventArgs args){byte[] data;CryptographicBuffer.CopyToByteArray(args.CharacteristicValue, out data);string str = BitConverter.ToString(data);this.MessAgeChanged(MsgType.BleData, str, data);}/// <summary>/// 发送数据接口/// </summary>/// <returns></returns>public async Task Write(byte[] data){if (CurrentWriteCharacteristic != null){CurrentWriteCharacteristic.WriteValueAsync(CryptographicBuffer.CreateFromByteArray(data), GattWriteOption.WriteWithResponse);string str = "发送数据：" + BitConverter.ToString(data);this.MessAgeChanged(MsgType.BleData, str, data);}}}
}

2.测试界面

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;namespace Test
{public partial class FormTest : Form{BleCore bleCore = new BleCore();/// <summary>/// 存储检测到的设备/// </summary>List<Windows.Devices.Bluetooth.BluetoothLEDevice> DeviceList = new List<Windows.Devices.Bluetooth.BluetoothLEDevice>();/// <summary>/// 当前蓝牙服务列表/// </summary>List<Windows.Devices.Bluetooth.GenericAttributeProfile.GattDeviceService> GattDeviceServices = new List<Windows.Devices.Bluetooth.GenericAttributeProfile.GattDeviceService>();/// <summary>/// 当前蓝牙服务特征列表/// </summary>List<Windows.Devices.Bluetooth.GenericAttributeProfile.GattCharacteristic> GattCharacteristics = new List<Windows.Devices.Bluetooth.GenericAttributeProfile.GattCharacteristic>();public FormTest(){InitializeComponent();CheckForIllegalCrossThreadCalls = false;}private void FormTest_Load(object sender, EventArgs e){this.bleCore.MessAgeChanged += BleCore_MessAgeChanged;this.bleCore.DeviceWatcherChanged += BleCore_DeviceWatcherChanged;this.bleCore.GattDeviceServiceAdded += BleCore_GattDeviceServiceAdded;this.bleCore.CharacteristicAdded += BleCore_CharacteristicAdded;this.Init();}private void Init(){this.btnConnect.Enabled = false;this.btnServer.Enabled = false;this.btnFeatures.Enabled = false;this.btnOpteron.Enabled = false;this.btnReader.Enabled = false;this.btnSend.Enabled = false;}// 异步线程public static void RunAsync(Action action){((Action)(delegate (){action.Invoke();})).BeginInvoke(null, null);}/// <summary>/// 提示消息/// </summary>private void BleCore_MessAgeChanged(BleCore.MsgType type, string message, byte[] data){RunAsync(() =>{this.listboxMessage.Items.Add(message);});}/// <summary>/// 搜索蓝牙设备列表/// </summary>private void BleCore_DeviceWatcherChanged(BleCore.MsgType type, Windows.Devices.Bluetooth.BluetoothLEDevice bluetoothLEDevice){RunAsync(() =>{this.listboxBleDevice.Items.Add(bluetoothLEDevice.Name);this.DeviceList.Add(bluetoothLEDevice);this.btnConnect.Enabled = true;});}/// <summary>/// 获取蓝牙服务列表/// </summary>private void BleCore_GattDeviceServiceAdded(Windows.Devices.Bluetooth.GenericAttributeProfile.GattDeviceService gattDeviceService){RunAsync(() =>{this.cmbServer.Items.Add(gattDeviceService.Uuid.ToString());this.GattDeviceServices.Add(gattDeviceService);this.btnFeatures.Enabled = true;});}/// <summary>/// 获取特征列表/// </summary>private void BleCore_CharacteristicAdded(Windows.Devices.Bluetooth.GenericAttributeProfile.GattCharacteristic gattCharacteristic){RunAsync(() =>{this.cmbFeatures.Items.Add(gattCharacteristic.Uuid);this.GattCharacteristics.Add(gattCharacteristic);this.btnOpteron.Enabled = true;});}private void buttonSearch_Click(object sender, EventArgs e){if (this.btnSearch.Text == "搜索"){this.listboxMessage.Items.Clear();this.listboxBleDevice.Items.Clear();this.bleCore.StartBleDeviceWatcher();this.btnSearch.Text = "停止";}else{this.bleCore.StopBleDeviceWatcher();this.btnSearch.Text = "搜索";}}private void btnConnect_Click(object sender, EventArgs e){if (this.listboxBleDevice.SelectedItem != null){string DeviceName = this.listboxBleDevice.SelectedItem.ToString();Windows.Devices.Bluetooth.BluetoothLEDevice bluetoothLEDevice = this.DeviceList.Where(u => u.Name == DeviceName).FirstOrDefault();if (bluetoothLEDevice != null){bleCore.StartMatching(bluetoothLEDevice);this.btnServer.Enabled = true;}else{MessageBox.Show("没有发现此蓝牙，请重新搜索.");this.btnServer.Enabled = false;}}else{MessageBox.Show("请选择连接的蓝牙.");this.btnServer.Enabled = false;}}private void btnServer_Click(object sender, EventArgs e){this.cmbServer.Items.Clear();this.bleCore.FindService();}private void btnFeatures_Click(object sender, EventArgs e){this.cmbFeatures.Items.Clear();if (this.cmbServer.SelectedItem != null){var item = this.GattDeviceServices.Where(u => u.Uuid == new Guid(this.cmbServer.SelectedItem.ToString())).FirstOrDefault();this.bleCore.FindCharacteristic(item);}else{MessageBox.Show("选择蓝牙服务.");}}private void btnOpteron_Click(object sender, EventArgs e){if (this.cmbFeatures.SelectedItem != null){var item = this.GattCharacteristics.Where(u => u.Uuid == new Guid(this.cmbFeatures.SelectedItem.ToString())).FirstOrDefault();this.bleCore.SetOpteron(item);if (item.CharacteristicProperties == (Windows.Devices.Bluetooth.GenericAttributeProfile.GattCharacteristicProperties.Write | Windows.Devices.Bluetooth.GenericAttributeProfile.GattCharacteristicProperties.WriteWithoutResponse)){this.btnReader.Enabled = true;this.btnSend.Enabled = true;}}else{MessageBox.Show("选择蓝牙服务.");}}private void btnReader_Click(object sender, EventArgs e){}private void btnSend_Click(object sender, EventArgs e){byte[] dataBytes = new byte[8];dataBytes[0] = 0xAB;dataBytes[1] = 0x00;dataBytes[2] = 0x01;dataBytes[3] = 0xA2;dataBytes[4] = 0x02;dataBytes[5] = 0x0D;dataBytes[6] = 0xAC;dataBytes[7] = 0xBA;this.bleCore.Write(dataBytes);}private void FormTest_FormClosed(object sender, FormClosedEventArgs e){this.bleCore.Dispose();}}
}

3.界面截图

操作步骤：搜索》选择列表框中的某个蓝牙》匹配》获取服务》获取特征》获取操作》发送

三、注意事项

在获取操作的时候，需要根据使用的蓝牙设备的特征修改BleCore类的SetOpteron()方法，单步调试程序来查看gattCharacteristic.CharacteristicProperties属性的值，修改成匹配的GattCharacteristicProperties的组合。否则，写特征CurrentWriteCharacteristic为空，无法发送数据。同时，需要修改“获取操作”按钮的响应函数btnOpteron_Click()。

代码地址：(14条消息) 低功耗蓝牙通讯C#WinForm-C#文档类资源-CSDN文库

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低功耗蓝牙通讯 C# WinForm

前言