1 def func(arg,li=[]):
2     li.append(arg)
3     return li
4 v1 = func(1)
5 v2 = func(2,[])
6 v3 = func(3)
7 print(v1)
8 print(v2)
9 print(v3)

1 def func(arg,li=[]):
2     li.append(arg)
3     return li
4 v1 = func(1)
5 print(v1)
6 v2 = func(2,[])
7 print(v2)
8 v3 = func(3)
9 print(v3)

 1 n1 = [11,22,33,44,55]
 2 n2 = n1
 3 n3 = n1[:]
 4
 5 n1[0]=666
 6 n3[1]=999
 7
 8 print(n1)
 9 print(n2)
10 print(n3)

 1 var v = 123;
 2 function foo(){
 3     var v = 456;
 4     function inner(){
 5         console.log(v)
 6     }
 7     return inner
 8 }
 9
10 result = foo()
11 console.log(result())

 1 Name='root';
 2 Age = 18;
 3 function Foo(name,age){
 4     this.Name = name;
 5     this.Age = age;
 6     this.Func = function(){
 7         console.log(this.Name,this.Age);
 8         (function(){
 9              console.log(this.Name,this.Age);
10         })();
11     }
12 }
13 obj = new Foo('alex',666);
14 obj.Func()

 1 this关键字：
 2     每个函数中都有this
 3     函数调用时，this=window
 4     类new时， this=obj
 5
 6     function func(){
 7         #当作函数执行函数时，this=window
 8         console.log(this)
 9     }
10     func()
11
12     function Func(){
13
14     }
15     obj = new Func()
16
17 js中无字典，只有对象：
18     Name = 'lxs'
19     obj = {
20         name:'root',
21         age:18,
22         Func：function(){
23         #this = obj
24             console.log(this.name)   #root
25             function.inner(){
26                 #this = window
27                 console.log(this.Name)    #lxs
28             }
29             inner() #相当于window.inner()
30
31         }
32
33     }
34     相当于new成了对象obj
35     通过一个对象调用类内部的方法时，this = 对象
36     obj.Func()  Func内部的对象 = obj
37     结果为：
38     root
39     lxs
40
41     Name = 'lxs'
42     obj = {
43         name:'root',
44         age:18,
45         Func：function(){
46         #this = obj
47             console.log(this.name)   #root
48             var that = this
49             function.inner(){
50
51                 console.log(that.Name)    #root
52             }
53             inner() #相当于window.inner()
54
55         }
56
57     }
58     obj.Func()
59     结果为：root root
60
61
62     自执行函数：
63         function.inner(){
64
65                 console.log(that.Name)
66             }()
67         相当于：
68             function.inner(){
69
70                 console.log(that.Name)
71             }
72             inner()