配置六 ip default-network
2024-05-13 23:03:29
为路由器配置默认网关除了上面的两种方法外，还有另外的一种就是ip default-network ，ip default-gateway 只有在路由功能关闭的情况下才能用，ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 在路由模式下运行，但是不能被动态路由所学习传递。如果使用ip default-network 配置默认网关，被ip default-network 定义的网段就是就是默认网关了，所有未知的数据都发往这个网段，ip default-network 所定义的默认网关可以被动态路由协议所传递，比如：rip 、eigrp、igrp而ospf和is-is则不会去传递的。Ip default-gateway 定义的是有类网络（classful），classless不会成有默认网关的。
在eigrp下配置默认网关，必须是eigrp中所通过的网络，或者是重分布进eigrp网络中的，而rip不需要这样的，不过在rip在下配置默认网络的时候，与rip的版本和ios的版本有关。
2、实验过程
r3(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 f0/0
r3(config)#ip default-network 192.168.1.0
r3#ping 172.16.1.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
.....
Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)
r3#ping 192.168.1.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
.!!!!
Success rate is 80 percent (4/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 8/54/112 ms
r3#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
20.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 20.1.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
S* 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
r3(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.1.1.1
r3#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is 10.1.1.1 to network 192.168.1.0
20.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 20.1.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
S* 192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 10.1.1.1
r3#ping 172.16.1.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 12/56/84 ms
r3#ping 192.168.1.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 8/56/128 ms
r1#sh int lo0
Loopback0 is up, line protocol is up
Hardware is Loopback
Internet address is 192.168.1.1/24
MTU 1514 bytes, BW 8000000 Kbit, DLY 5000 usec,
reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
Encapsulation LOOPBACK, loopback not set
Last input never, output never, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0
Queueing strategy: fifo
Output queue: 0/0 (size/max)
5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
0 packets input, 0 bytes, 0 no buffer
Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort
0 packets output, 0 bytes, 0 underruns
0 output errors, 0 collisions, 0 interface resets
0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
但是如果我们把lo0：192.168.1.1 的代理ARP关闭了，在ping 172.16.1.1
r3#ping 172.16.1.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 8/44/148 ms
修改默认网关为172.16.0.0
r3(config)#ip default-network 172.16.1.0
r3(config)#
r3(config)#ip route 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.1.1.1
r3#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is 10.1.1.1 to network 192.168.1.0
20.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 20.1.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
172.16.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
S172.16.0.0/16 [1/0] via 172.16.1.0
S172.16.1.0/24 [1/0] via 10.1.1.1
10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
S*192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 10.1.1.1
r3(config)#ip default-network 172.16.0.0
r3#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is 10.1.1.1 to network 192.168.1.0
20.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 20.1.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
*172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
S172.16.1.0 [1/0] via 10.1.1.1
10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
S* 192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 10.1.1.1
r3(config)#ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 10.1.1.1
r3#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is 10.1.1.1 to network 172.16.0.0
20.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 20.1.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
* 172.16.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
S*172.16.0.0/16 [1/0] via 10.1.1.1
S 172.16.1.0/24 [1/0] via 10.1.1.1
10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
S*192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 10.1.1.1
r3#ping 172.16.1.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 8/57/132 ms
r3#p 192.168.1.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 12/42/108 ms
注：如果配置多条默认网关，选择AD值小的使用，如果AD值相同，那么就是看谁在路由表里靠上就用谁。
转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/zhaopengrui1208/381355
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