Substrate Tutorials：Create Your First Substrate Chain (single-node)
https://substrate.dev/docs/en/knowledgebase/getting-started/
https://substrate.dev/docs/en/tutorials/create-your-first-substrate-chain/
https://substrate.dev/docs/en/tutorials/start-a-private-network/
实践时的系统是：Linux Mint
本文的主题是创建一个只有一个节点的Substrate区块链。
一、Prerequisites
You will probably need to do some set-up to prepare your computer for Substrate development.
创建第一个Substrate Chain之前，要确保https://substrate.dev/docs/en/knowledgebase/getting-started/ 中讲的安装相关依赖的步骤完成了。如果这些步骤已经完成了，那么下面的 prepare a computer for Substrate development 这个步骤就不需要操作了。
prepare a computer for Substrate development
1. Build Dependencies
安装一些常用的基础的依赖工具。
因为是Linux Mint系统，所以按照 Ubuntu/Debian 这个类别安装依赖即可：
sudo apt update
# May prompt for location information
sudo apt install -y git clang curl libssl-dev llvm libudev-dev
2. Rust Developer Environment
安装Rust的开发环境，使用下面的自动脚本进行安装即可。
Automated getsubstrate.io Script
执行 curl https://getsubstrate.io -sSf | bash -s -- --fast
没有报错，就不需要手动安装了。
如果报错了，就进行下面的手动安装：
Manual Rust Configuration
This guide uses rustup to help manage the Rust toolchain. First install and configure rustup:
# Install
curl https://sh.rustup.rs -sSf | sh
# Configure
source ~/.cargo/env
Configure the Rust toolchain to default to the latest stable version, add nightly and the nightly wasm target:
rustup default stable
rustup update
rustup update nightly
rustup target add wasm32-unknown-unknown --toolchain nightly
二、Compiling the Node Template
使用Git进行clone下载 Substrate Developer Hub Node Template的源码，这是构建Substrate的入口点。
1.Clone the Node Template (version v3.0.0+monthly-2021-05).
git clone -b v3.0.0+monthly-2021-05 --depth 1 https://github.com/substrate-developer-hub/substrate-node-template
2.Compile the Node Template
cd substrate-node-template
# NOTE: you should always use the `--release` flag
cargo build --release
# ^^ this will take a while!
等待编译，编译时间的长短由机器的硬件决定。
编译完成的log输出如下：
...Compiling sc-chain-spec v3.0.0 (https://github.com/paritytech/substrate.git?tag=monthly-2021-05#70ef0afc)Compiling rocksdb v0.16.0Compiling kvdb-rocksdb v0.11.1Compiling sc-client-db v0.9.0 (https://github.com/paritytech/substrate.git?tag=monthly-2021-05#70ef0afc)Compiling sc-service v0.9.0 (https://github.com/paritytech/substrate.git?tag=monthly-2021-05#70ef0afc)Compiling sc-cli v0.9.0 (https://github.com/paritytech/substrate.git?tag=monthly-2021-05#70ef0afc)Compiling frame-benchmarking-cli v3.0.0 (https://github.com/paritytech/substrate.git?tag=monthly-2021-05#70ef0afc)Finished release [optimized] target(s) in 6m 41s
三、Install the Front-End Template
本步骤的教程使用ReactJS作为前端模板，允许您与基于Substrate的区块链节点进行交互，您应该在上一步中开始编译节点。将来您可以使用这个相同的前端模板为自己的项目创建ui。
要使用前端模板，需要Yarn，它本身需要Node.js。如果没有这些工具，则必须按照以下说明进行安装：
Install Node.js
Install Yarn
现在可以使用这些命令设置前端模板:
# Clone the frontend template from github
git clone -b v3.0.0+monthly-2021-05 --depth 1 https://github.com/substrate-developer-hub/substrate-front-end-template# Install the dependencies
cd substrate-front-end-template
yarn install
安装完成的log输出如下：
~/SubstratePrivateNetwork/substrate-front-end-template$ yarn install
➤ YN0065: Yarn will periodically gather anonymous telemetry: https://yarnpkg.com/advanced/telemetry
➤ YN0065: Run yarn config set --home enableTelemetry 0 to disable➤ YN0000: ┌ Resolution step
➤ YN0002: │ react-dev-utils@npm:11.0.4 doesn't provide typescript (p79ddf), requested by fork-ts-checker-webpack-plugin
➤ YN0002: │ react-dev-utils@npm:11.0.4 doesn't provide webpack (p2af19), requested by fork-ts-checker-webpack-plugin
➤ YN0000: │ Some peer dependencies are incorrectly met; run yarn explain peer-requirements <hash> for details, where <hash> is the six-letter p-prefixed code
➤ YN0000: └ Completed
➤ YN0000: ┌ Fetch step
➤ YN0013: │ yargs-parser@npm:13.1.2 can't be found in the cache and will be fetched from the remote registry
➤ YN0013: │ yargs-parser@npm:18.1.3 can't be found in the cache and will be fetched from the remote registry
➤ YN0013: │ yargs@npm:13.3.2 can't be found in the cache and will be fetched from the remote registry
➤ YN0013: │ yargs@npm:15.4.1 can't be found in the cache and will be fetched from the remote registry
➤ YN0013: │ yocto-queue@npm:0.1.0 can't be found in the cache and will be fetched from the remote registry
➤ YN0000: └ Completed in 23s 848ms
➤ YN0000: ┌ Link step
➤ YN0062: │ fsevents@patch:fsevents@npm%3A2.3.2#builtin<compat/fsevents>::version=2.3.2&hash=11e9ea The platform linux is incompatible with this module, link skipped.
➤ YN0062: │ fsevents@patch:fsevents@npm%3A1.2.13#builtin<compat/fsevents>::version=1.2.13&hash=11e9ea The platform linux is incompatible with this module, link skipped.
➤ YN0007: │ core-js@npm:3.13.0 must be built because it never did before or the last one failed
➤ YN0007: │ core-js@npm:2.6.12 must be built because it never did before or the last one failed
➤ YN0007: │ bufferutil@npm:4.0.3 must be built because it never did before or the last one failed
➤ YN0007: │ utf-8-validate@npm:5.0.5 must be built because it never did before or the last one failed
➤ YN0007: │ node-hid@npm:2.1.1 must be built because it never did before or the last one failed
➤ YN0007: │ usb-detection@npm:4.10.0 must be built because it never did before or the last one failed
➤ YN0007: │ tiny-secp256k1@npm:1.1.6 must be built because it never did before or the last one failed
➤ YN0007: │ core-js-pure@npm:3.13.0 must be built because it never did before or the last one failed
➤ YN0007: │ ejs@npm:2.7.4 must be built because it never did before or the last one failed
➤ YN0000: └ Completed in 1m 5s
➤ YN0000: Done with warnings in 1m 30s四、Background Information
五、Interacting with Your Node
现在，您的节点已经完成编译，让我们向您展示如何开箱即用。
Starting Your Node
运行以下命令以启动您的节点(执行命令时是在substrate-node-template目录下)：
# Run a temporary node in development mode
./target/release/node-template --dev --tmp
Note the flags:
- –dev this sets up a developer node chain specification
- –tmp this saves all active data for the node (keys, blockchain database, networking info, …) and is deleted as soon as you properly terminate your node (using
ctrl+c). So every time you start with this command, you will have a clean state to work from. If the node is killed,/tmpis cleaned automatically on the restart of your computer for linux based OSs, and these files can manually be removed if needed.
使用此命令，如果您的节点运行成功，您应该会看到如下内容：
2021-03-16 10:56:51 Running in --dev mode, RPC CORS has been disabled.
2021-03-16 10:56:51 Substrate Node
2021-03-16 10:56:51 ✌️ version 3.0.0-8370ddd-x86_64-linux-gnu
2021-03-16 10:56:51 ❤️ by Substrate DevHub <https://github.com/substrate-developer-hub>, 2017-2021
2021-03-16 10:56:51
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