一、对ADC进行配置

使用STM32H743Nucleo板使用DMA对ADC进行采样实验。
对H743Nucleo通过STM32CubeMX（Version 5.0.1 STM32Cube V1.0）进行配置。
代码编译器选择KeilMDK (V2.25.2.0)。

首先对管脚进行默认初始化。
对CPU Cache进行使能，如下图：
3.配置ADC，使用ADC1 通道选择了2 、3、5、6四路，如下图：
4.在ADC的配置中选择连续扫描和转换模式，数据存储选择DMA Circular Mode，如下图：
5.将转换通道数改为4，将每个通道分别写入到每个队列中。
6.接下来配置DMA：
DMA选择ADC1，选择DMA1的任意流即可。
DMA模式选择循环模式，数据类型选择word型，也可以是Half-Word，根据自己的需求。
7.最后再使能了一下USART3，将AD的转换数据进行回传。其他均默认，不进行修改。

二、对程序进行修改

1.定义ADC接收数组为uint32_t，共200个数据为一组，一个通道50个数据。在生成代码的指定位置写入自己的程序：

/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */
#define ADC_CONVERTED_DATA_BUFFER_SIZE ((uint32_t)  200)
/* USER CODE END PD */

/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
uint32_t ADC_DATA[ADC_CONVERTED_DATA_BUFFER_SIZE] ;
/* USER CODE END PV */

2.在主函数进行数据定义临时数据存放每个通道的AD转换值：

/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
uint32_t ad1,ad2,ad3,ad4;
uint16_t i;
/* USER CODE END 1 */

3.采用DMA模式开启ADC的转换，转换数据存在定义的ADC_DATA中：

/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
if (HAL_ADC_Start_DMA(&hadc1, (uint32_t *)ADC_DATA, ADC_CONVERTED_DATA_BUFFER_SIZE) != HAL_OK)
{Error_Handler();
}
/* USER CODE END 2 */

4.在while循环中对ADC的数据进行读取，并进行50次的均值滤波，最后通过串口进行输出：

/* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
for(i = 0,ad1=0,ad2=0,ad3=0,ad4=0; i < ADC_CONVERTED_DATA_BUFFER_SIZE;)
{ad1 += ADC_DATA[i++];ad2 += ADC_DATA[i++];ad3 += ADC_DATA[i++];ad4 += ADC_DATA[i++];
}
ad1 /= 50;     //累加50次，最后求均值
ad2 /= 50;
ad3 /= 50;
ad4 /= 50;
printf("\r\n******** ADC DMA Example ********\r\n\r\n");
printf(" AD1 value = %1.3fV \r\n", ad1*3.3f/65536);      //转换后的真实电压值
printf(" AD2 value = %1.3fV \r\n", ad2*3.3f/65536);
printf(" AD3 value = %1.3fV \r\n", ad3*3.3f/65536);
printf(" AD4 value = %1.3fV \r\n", ad4*3.3f/65536);
HAL_Delay(500);
/* USER CODE END 3 */

5.将每次ADC转换一半及转换完成后的数据值存放在ADC_DATA中，通过调用HAL_ADC_ConvHalfCpltCallback和HAL_ADC_ConvCpltCallback进行处理。

/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */
/*** @brief  Conversion complete callback in non-blocking mode* @param  hadc: ADC handle* @retval None*/
void HAL_ADC_ConvHalfCpltCallback(ADC_HandleTypeDef* hadc)
{/* Invalidate Data Cache to get the updated content of the SRAM on the first half of the ADC converted data buffer: 32 bytes */ SCB_InvalidateDCache_by_Addr((uint32_t *) &ADC_DATA[0], ADC_CONVERTED_DATA_BUFFER_SIZE);
}/*** @brief  Conversion DMA half-transfer callback in non-blocking mode* @param  hadc: ADC handle* @retval None*/
void HAL_ADC_ConvCpltCallback(ADC_HandleTypeDef* hadc)
{/* Invalidate Data Cache to get the updated content of the SRAM on the second half of the ADC converted data buffer: 32 bytes */ SCB_InvalidateDCache_by_Addr((uint32_t *) &ADC_DATA[ADC_CONVERTED_DATA_BUFFER_SIZE/2], ADC_CONVERTED_DATA_BUFFER_SIZE);
}
/* USER CODE END 4 */

三、程序执行结果

通过串口对数据进行显示，通过这样的DMA采集ADC数据失败，然而通过普通采样模式和中断模式采集ADC均可以采集成功。如图所示：
最后查找资料发现是STM32CubeMX配置完成后生成的程序执行地址是从RAM 0x20000000开始执行，然而0x20000000是DTCM段，DMA无法进行访问，所以修改ADC存储数据位置为0x24000000即AXI SRAM，此处DMA可以进行访问。
下图是默认KeilMDK程序执行的的起始地址

四、问题解决

通过上述分析，问题产生的原因在于 DMA1 访问了无法访问到的地址。介绍两种解决方法:
方法一，通过原因分析中描述的方法，通过在工程中，指定 RAM 使用空间实现目标地址（访问的数组）在支持的 RAM 区域。
方法二，通过在数组定义时，强制分配至支持的 RAM 空间区域，如下所示。

uint32_t ADC_DATA[ADC_CONVERTED_DATA_BUFFER_SIZE] __attribute__((section(".ARM.__at_0x24000000")));

其中 attribute((section(".ARM.__at_address")))是被 MDK-ARM 支持的，指定对应空间的方式。
通过以上方法的修改，将程序下载后可以观察到DMA存储ADC数据正常:

最后将完整的主程序代码进行上传：

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/********************************************************************************* @file           : main.c* @brief          : Main program body******************************************************************************** This notice applies to any and all portions of this file* that are not between comment pairs USER CODE BEGIN and* USER CODE END. Other portions of this file, whether * inserted by the user or by software development tools* are owned by their respective copyright owners.** COPYRIGHT(c) 2019 STMicroelectronics** Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,* are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:*   1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,*      this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.*   2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,*      this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation*      and/or other materials provided with the distribution.*   3. Neither the name of STMicroelectronics nor the names of its contributors*      may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software*      without specific prior written permission.** THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"* AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE* DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR* SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER* CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,* OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE* OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.********************************************************************************/
/* USER CODE END Header *//* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "adc.h"
#include "dma.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "gpio.h"/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes *//* USER CODE END Includes *//* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD *//* USER CODE END PTD *//* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */
#define ADC_CONVERTED_DATA_BUFFER_SIZE ((uint32_t)  200)/* USER CODE END PD *//* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM *//* USER CODE END PM *//* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*//* USER CODE BEGIN PV */
/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
uint32_t ADC_DATA[ADC_CONVERTED_DATA_BUFFER_SIZE] __attribute__((section(".ARM.__at_0x24000000")));/* USER CODE END PV *//* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */
/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*//* USER CODE END PFP *//* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
#ifdef __GNUC__/* With GCC/RAISONANCE, small printf (option LD Linker->Libraries->Small printfset to 'Yes') calls __io_putchar() */#define PUTCHAR_PROTOTYPE int __io_putchar(int ch)
#else#define PUTCHAR_PROTOTYPE int fputc(int ch, FILE *f)
#endif /* __GNUC__ */
/*** @brief  Retargets the C library printf function to the USART.* @param  None* @retval None*/
PUTCHAR_PROTOTYPE
{/* Place your implementation of fputc here *//* e.g. write a character to the EVAL_COM1 and Loop until the end of transmission */HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart3, (uint8_t *)&ch, 1, 0xFFFF);return ch;
}/* USER CODE END 0 *//*** @brief  The application entry point.* @retval int*/
int main(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */uint32_t ad1,ad2,ad3,ad4;uint16_t i;/* USER CODE END 1 *//* Enable I-Cache---------------------------------------------------------*/SCB_EnableICache();/* Enable D-Cache---------------------------------------------------------*/SCB_EnableDCache();/* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*//* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */HAL_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN Init *//* USER CODE END Init *//* Configure the system clock */SystemClock_Config();/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit *//* USER CODE END SysInit *//* Initialize all configured peripherals */MX_GPIO_Init();MX_DMA_Init();MX_USART3_UART_Init();MX_ADC1_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */if (HAL_ADC_Start_DMA(&hadc1, (uint32_t *)ADC_DATA, ADC_CONVERTED_DATA_BUFFER_SIZE) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}/* USER CODE END 2 *//* Infinite loop *//* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */while (1){/* USER CODE END WHILE *//* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */for(i = 0,ad1=0,ad2=0,ad3=0,ad4=0; i < ADC_CONVERTED_DATA_BUFFER_SIZE;){ad1 += ADC_DATA[i++];ad2 += ADC_DATA[i++];ad3 += ADC_DATA[i++];ad4 += ADC_DATA[i++];}ad1 /= 50;//累加50次，最后求均值ad2 /= 50;ad3 /= 50;ad4 /= 50;printf("\r\n******** ADC DMA Example ********\r\n\r\n");printf(" AD1 value = %1.3fV \r\n", ad1*3.3f/65536);//转换后的真实电压值printf(" AD2 value = %1.3fV \r\n", ad2*3.3f/65536);printf(" AD3 value = %1.3fV \r\n", ad3*3.3f/65536);printf(" AD4 value = %1.3fV \r\n", ad4*3.3f/65536);HAL_Delay(500);}/* USER CODE END 3 */
}/*** @brief System Clock Configuration* @retval None*/
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};RCC_PeriphCLKInitTypeDef PeriphClkInitStruct = {0};/**Supply configuration update enable */MODIFY_REG(PWR->CR3, PWR_CR3_SCUEN, 0);/**Configure the main internal regulator output voltage */__HAL_PWR_VOLTAGESCALING_CONFIG(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE1);while ((PWR->D3CR & (PWR_D3CR_VOSRDY)) != PWR_D3CR_VOSRDY) {}/**Macro to configure the PLL clock source */__HAL_RCC_PLL_PLLSOURCE_CONFIG(RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE);/**Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB busses clocks */RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_BYPASS;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLM = 1;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLN = 100;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLP = 2;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLQ = 4;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLR = 2;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLRGE = RCC_PLL1VCIRANGE_3;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLVCOSEL = RCC_PLL1VCOWIDE;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLFRACN = 0;if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}/**Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB busses clocks */RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_D3PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_D1PCLK1;RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB3CLKDivider = RCC_APB3_DIV2;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_APB1_DIV2;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_APB2_DIV2;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB4CLKDivider = RCC_APB4_DIV2;if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}PeriphClkInitStruct.PeriphClockSelection = RCC_PERIPHCLK_USART3|RCC_PERIPHCLK_ADC;PeriphClkInitStruct.PLL2.PLL2M = 1;PeriphClkInitStruct.PLL2.PLL2N = 19;PeriphClkInitStruct.PLL2.PLL2P = 1;PeriphClkInitStruct.PLL2.PLL2Q = 2;PeriphClkInitStruct.PLL2.PLL2R = 2;PeriphClkInitStruct.PLL2.PLL2RGE = RCC_PLL2VCIRANGE_3;PeriphClkInitStruct.PLL2.PLL2VCOSEL = RCC_PLL2VCOMEDIUM;PeriphClkInitStruct.PLL2.PLL2FRACN = 0;PeriphClkInitStruct.Usart234578ClockSelection = RCC_USART234578CLKSOURCE_D2PCLK1;PeriphClkInitStruct.AdcClockSelection = RCC_ADCCLKSOURCE_PLL2;if (HAL_RCCEx_PeriphCLKConfig(&PeriphClkInitStruct) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}
}/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */
/*** @brief  Conversion complete callback in non-blocking mode* @param  hadc: ADC handle* @retval None*/
void HAL_ADC_ConvHalfCpltCallback(ADC_HandleTypeDef* hadc)
{/* Invalidate Data Cache to get the updated content of the SRAM on the first half of the ADC converted data buffer: 32 bytes */ SCB_InvalidateDCache_by_Addr((uint32_t *) &ADC_DATA[0], ADC_CONVERTED_DATA_BUFFER_SIZE);
}/*** @brief  Conversion DMA half-transfer callback in non-blocking mode* @param  hadc: ADC handle* @retval None*/
void HAL_ADC_ConvCpltCallback(ADC_HandleTypeDef* hadc)
{/* Invalidate Data Cache to get the updated content of the SRAM on the second half of the ADC converted data buffer: 32 bytes */ SCB_InvalidateDCache_by_Addr((uint32_t *) &ADC_DATA[ADC_CONVERTED_DATA_BUFFER_SIZE/2], ADC_CONVERTED_DATA_BUFFER_SIZE);
}/* USER CODE END 4 *//*** @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.* @retval None*/
void Error_Handler(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug *//* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */while(1){HAL_GPIO_WritePin(LD3_GPIO_Port, LD3_Pin, GPIO_PIN_SET);printf("The error occurred.\r\n");}/* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/*** @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number*         where the assert_param error has occurred.* @param  file: pointer to the source file name* @param  line: assert_param error line source number* @retval None*/
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{ /* USER CODE BEGIN 6 *//* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,tex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) *//* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT *//************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/

参考文献：
微雪课堂：STM32CubeMX系列教程7:模数转换(ADC)
意法半导体：STM32H7 DMA 传输异常案例分析

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