C++ 实现判断插入USB的设备是U盘，移动硬盘，光驱

今天做项目，要求代码能区分出U盘，移动硬盘，光驱等。

有时候我们在做设备监控的时候，要识别一些链接设备，在使用函数GetDriveType的时候，U盘可以返回DRIVE_REMOVABLE，而本地硬盘硬盘和移动硬盘DRIVE_FIXED，因此还需要进一步来识别。识别方法为判断设备的总线类型即可：需要用到的数据类型以及函数有：

//将所有的卷存储在buffer中，格式为：C:/NULLD:/NULLE:/NULL
DWORD GetLogicalDriveStrings(
      DWORD nBufferLength, // size of buffer
LPTSTR lpBuffer       // drive strings buffer);

//判断设备类型：

UINT GetDriveType( LPCTSTR lpRootPathName // root directory);

返回值有：

#define DRIVE_UNKNOWN 0 //The drive type cannot be determined. 未知

#define DRIVE_NO_ROOT_DIR 1 //The root path is invalid; for example, there is no volume is mounted at the path. 可移动磁盘

#define DRIVE_REMOVABLE 2 //The drive has removable media; for example, a floppy drive, thumb drive, or flash card reader. U盘，软盘

#define DRIVE_FIXED 3//The drive has fixed media; for example, a hard drive or flash drive. 本地硬盘，移动硬盘

#define DRIVE_REMOTE 4 //The drive is a remote (network) drive.网络磁盘

#define DRIVE_CDROM 5 //The drive is a CD-ROM drive. CD-ROM

#define DRIVE_RAMDISK 6 //The drive is a RAM disk. RAM磁盘

//DeviceIoControl要查询的类型
typedef struct _STORAGE_PROPERTY_QUERY {

// ID of the property being retrieved
STORAGE_PROPERTY_ID PropertyId;//使用前要对此字段赋值

// Flags indicating the type of query being performed
STORAGE_QUERY_TYPE QueryType; //使用前要对此字段赋值

// Space for additional parameters if necessary
BYTE AdditionalParameters[1];

} STORAGE_PROPERTY_QUERY, *PSTORAGE_PROPERTY_QUERY;

// STORAGE_PROPERTY_ID枚举类型
typedef enum _STORAGE_PROPERTY_ID {
StorageDeviceProperty = 0,
StorageAdapterProperty,
StorageDeviceIdProperty,
StorageDeviceUniqueIdProperty, // See storduid.h for details
StorageDeviceWriteCacheProperty,
StorageMiniportProperty,
StorageAccessAlignmentProperty,
StorageDeviceSeekPenaltyProperty,
StorageDeviceTrimProperty,
StorageDeviceWriteAggregationProperty,
StorageDeviceDeviceTelemetryProperty,
StorageDeviceLBProvisioningProperty,
StorageDevicePowerProperty,
StorageDeviceCopyOffloadProperty,
StorageDeviceResiliencyProperty,
StorageDeviceMediumProductType,
} STORAGE_PROPERTY_ID, *PSTORAGE_PROPERTY_ID;

//STORAGE_QUERY_TYPE枚举
typedef enum _STORAGE_QUERY_TYPE {
PropertyStandardQuery = 0, // Retrieves the descriptor
PropertyExistsQuery, // Used to test whether the descriptor is supported
PropertyMaskQuery, // Used to retrieve a mask of writeable fields in the descriptor
PropertyQueryMaxDefined // use to validate the value
} STORAGE_QUERY_TYPE, *PSTORAGE_QUERY_TYPE;

//我们的输出结构：

typedef _Struct_size_bytes_(Size) struct _STORAGE_DEVICE_DESCRIPTOR {

// Sizeof(STORAGE_DEVICE_DESCRIPTOR)
DWORD Version;
// Total size of the descriptor, including the space for additional data and id strings
DWORD Size;
// The SCSI-2 device type
BYTE DeviceType;
// The SCSI-2 device type modifier (if any) - this may be zero
BYTE DeviceTypeModifier;
// Flag indicating whether the device's media (if any) is removable. This
// field should be ignored for media-less devices
BOOLEAN RemovableMedia;
// Flag indicating whether the device can support mulitple outstanding
// commands. The actual synchronization in this case is the responsibility of the port driver.
BOOLEAN CommandQueueing;
// Byte offset to the zero-terminated ascii string containing the device's
// vendor id string. For devices with no such ID this will be zero
DWORD VendorIdOffset;
// Byte offset to the zero-terminated ascii string containing the device's
// product id string. For devices with no such ID this will be zero
DWORD ProductIdOffset;
// Byte offset to the zero-terminated ascii string containing the device's
// product revision string. For devices with no such string this will be zero
DWORD ProductRevisionOffset;
// Byte offset to the zero-terminated ascii string containing the device's
// serial number. For devices with no serial number this will be zero
DWORD SerialNumberOffset;
// Contains the bus type (as defined above) of the device. It should be
// used to interpret the raw device properties at the end of this structure
// (if any)
STORAGE_BUS_TYPE BusType;
// The number of bytes of bus-specific data which have been appended to this descriptor
DWORD RawPropertiesLength;
// Place holder for the first byte of the bus specific property data
BYTE RawDeviceProperties[1];
} STORAGE_DEVICE_DESCRIPTOR, *PSTORAGE_DEVICE_DESCRIPTOR;

//最后要根据BusType字段来判断看一些这个类型：
typedef enum _STORAGE_BUS_TYPE {
BusTypeUnknown = 0x00,
BusTypeScsi,
BusTypeAtapi,
BusTypeAta,
BusType1394,
BusTypeSsa,
BusTypeFibre,
BusTypeUsb,//这个就是移动硬盘了
BusTypeRAID,
BusTypeiScsi,
BusTypeSas,
BusTypeSata,
BusTypeSd,
BusTypeMmc,
BusTypeVirtual,
BusTypeFileBackedVirtual,
BusTypeSpaces,
BusTypeNvme,
BusTypeMax,
BusTypeMaxReserved = 0x7F
} STORAGE_BUS_TYPE, *PSTORAGE_BUS_TYPE;

封装的函数代码如下：

#include "stdafx.h"
#include <Windows.h>
#include <Winioctl.h>

INT GetBusType(TCHAR driver)
{
   bool bResult = true;
   INT BusType = BusTypeUnknown;
   HANDLE hDrv = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
   STORAGE_DEVICE_DESCRIPTOR DevDesc;
   STORAGE_PROPERTY_QUERY ProQuery;

TCHAR tszSymbol[MAX_PATH] = {TEXT("\\\\?\\*:")};
   ULONG ulBytesResults = 0;
   memset(&ProQuery, 0 ,sizeof(ProQuery));
   memset(&DevDesc, 0, sizeof(DevDesc));

if ((driver >= TEXT('A') && driver <= TEXT('Z')) || (driver >= TEXT('a') && driver <= TEXT('z')))
{

}
   else
   {
       return false;
   }

tszSymbol[4] = driver;

hDrv = CreateFile(tszSymbol, GENERIC_READ, FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);

if (hDrv == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
goto jump_ret;

ProQuery.QueryType = PropertyStandardQuery;
   ProQuery.PropertyId = StorageDeviceProperty;
   if (DeviceIoControl(hDrv,IOCTL_STORAGE_QUERY_PROPERTY, &ProQuery,sizeof(ProQuery), &DevDesc, sizeof (DevDesc), &ulBytesResults, NULL) == FALSE)
       goto jump_ret;

BusType = DevDesc.BusType;

jump_ret:
   if (hDrv != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
   {
       CloseHandle(hDrv);
       hDrv = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
   }
   return BusType;
}

bool IsCDRom(TCHAR driver) //判断是否是光盘
{
UINT DriverType = DRIVE_UNKNOWN;
TCHAR tszDriver[4] = {TEXT("*:\\")};

tszDriver[0] = driver;
DriverType = GetDriveType(tszDriver);

return DriverType == DRIVE_CDROM;
}

bool IsRemovableDrive(TCHAR driver) //判断是可移动硬盘 true:移动硬盘，false:本地硬盘
{
UINT DriverType = DRIVE_UNKNOWN;
TCHAR tszDriver[4] = {TEXT("*:\\")};

tszDriver[0] = driver;
DriverType = GetDriveType(tszDriver);

bool bRemovableDrive = false;
   if (DriverType == DRIVE_FIXED)
   {
       if (GetBusType(driver) == BusTypeUsb)
           bRemovableDrive = true;
   }

return bRemovableDrive;
}

bool IsUDrive(TCHAR driver) //判断是否是U盘
{
   TCHAR tszDriver[4] = {TEXT("*:\\")};
UINT DriverType = DRIVE_UNKNOWN;
   tszDriver[0] = driver;
   DriverType = GetDriveType(tszDriver);

   return DriverType == DRIVE_REMOVABLE;
}

int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{

bool bU = IsUDrive(L'H');

bool bRemovable = IsRemovableDrive(L'H');

bool bIsCD = IsCDRom(L'H');

getchar();
return 0;
}

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C++ 实现判断插入USB的设备是U盘，移动硬盘，光驱

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