C#获取文件的Content-Type(MIME Type)的三种方法

什么是ContentType?

我们知道浏览器可以处理各种各样的内容，比如：HTML、XML、JPG、Flash等等，那么浏览器是如何区分它们的呢？答案就是MIME Type，即资源的媒体类型。媒体类型通常是通过 HTTP 协议，由 Web 服务器告知浏览器的，更准确地说，是通过 Content-Type 来表示的，例如：

1	`Content-Type:text/html;`

这里简单说一下什么是Content-Type，详细内容自行到网上搜索。

查看完整的Http Content-Type对照表

C#获取文件的ContentType的方法

C#获取文件的ContentType有三种方法，下面分别介绍。

第一种，使用MimeMapping

使用.NET提供的现有方法是最简单的，但是需要.NET Framework 4.5及以后的支持。MimeMapping在System.Web命名空间下。

string fileName = "nmtree.png";

var contentType = MimeMapping.GetMimeMapping(fileName);

Console.WriteLine(contentType);

第二种，通过注册表

本方法需要有访问注册表的权限。

public static string GetMimeMapping(string fileName)

{

string mimeType = "application/octet-stream";

string ext = Path.GetExtension(fileName).ToLower();

RegistryKey regKey = Registry.ClassesRoot.OpenSubKey(ext);

if (regKey != null && regKey.GetValue("Content Type") != null)

{

mimeType = regKey.GetValue("Content Type").ToString();

}

return mimeType;

}

第三种，手动映射

这种方法在受到.NET版本和访问注册表权限时，是最佳解决方案，虽然代码看起来很多，不过下面的类直接拿走用就可以了。

public class FileContentType{private static IDictionary<string, string> _mappings = new Dictionary<string, string>(StringComparer.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase) {#region Big freaking list of mime types// combination of values from Windows 7 Registry and// from C:\Windows\System32\inetsrv\config\applicationHost.config// some added, including .7z and .dat{".323", "text/h323"},{".3g2", "video/3gpp2"},{".3gp", "video/3gpp"},{".3gp2", "video/3gpp2"},{".3gpp", "video/3gpp"},{".7z", "application/x-7z-compressed"},{".aa", "audio/audible"},{".AAC", "audio/aac"},{".aaf", "application/octet-stream"},{".aax", "audio/vnd.audible.aax"},{".ac3", "audio/ac3"},{".aca", "application/octet-stream"},{".accda", "application/msaccess.addin"},{".accdb", "application/msaccess"},{".accdc", "application/msaccess.cab"},{".accde", "application/msaccess"},{".accdr", "application/msaccess.runtime"},{".accdt", "application/msaccess"},{".accdw", "application/msaccess.webapplication"},{".accft", "application/msaccess.ftemplate"},{".acx", "application/internet-property-stream"},{".AddIn", "text/xml"},{".ade", "application/msaccess"},{".adobebridge", "application/x-bridge-url"},{".adp", "application/msaccess"},{".ADT", "audio/vnd.dlna.adts"},{".ADTS", "audio/aac"},{".afm", "application/octet-stream"},{".ai", "application/postscript"},{".aif", "audio/x-aiff"},{".aifc", "audio/aiff"},{".aiff", "audio/aiff"},{".air", "application/vnd.adobe.air-application-installer-package+zip"},{".amc", "application/x-mpeg"},{".application", "application/x-ms-application"},{".art", "image/x-jg"},{".asa", "application/xml"},{".asax", "application/xml"},{".ascx", "application/xml"},{".asd", "application/octet-stream"},{".asf", "video/x-ms-asf"},{".ashx", "application/xml"},{".asi", "application/octet-stream"},{".asm", "text/plain"},{".asmx", "application/xml"},{".aspx", "application/xml"},{".asr", "video/x-ms-asf"},{".asx", "video/x-ms-asf"},{".atom", "application/atom+xml"},{".au", "audio/basic"},{".avi", "video/x-msvideo"},{".axs", "application/olescript"},{".bas", "text/plain"},{".bcpio", "application/x-bcpio"},{".bin", "application/octet-stream"},{".bmp", "image/bmp"},{".c", "text/plain"},{".cab", "application/octet-stream"},{".caf", "audio/x-caf"},{".calx", "application/vnd.ms-office.calx"},{".cat", "application/vnd.ms-pki.seccat"},{".cc", "text/plain"},{".cd", "text/plain"},{".cdda", "audio/aiff"},{".cdf", "application/x-cdf"},{".cer", "application/x-x509-ca-cert"},{".chm", "application/octet-stream"},{".class", "application/x-java-applet"},{".clp", "application/x-msclip"},{".cmx", "image/x-cmx"},{".cnf", "text/plain"},{".cod", "image/cis-cod"},{".config", "application/xml"},{".contact", "text/x-ms-contact"},{".coverage", "application/xml"},{".cpio", "application/x-cpio"},{".cpp", "text/plain"},{".crd", "application/x-mscardfile"},{".crl", "application/pkix-crl"},{".crt", "application/x-x509-ca-cert"},{".cs", "text/plain"},{".csdproj", "text/plain"},{".csh", "application/x-csh"},{".csproj", "text/plain"},{".css", "text/css"},{".csv", "text/csv"},{".cur", "application/octet-stream"},{".cxx", "text/plain"},{".dat", "application/octet-stream"},{".datasource", "application/xml"},{".dbproj", "text/plain"},{".dcr", "application/x-director"},{".def", "text/plain"},{".deploy", "application/octet-stream"},{".der", "application/x-x509-ca-cert"},{".dgml", "application/xml"},{".dib", "image/bmp"},{".dif", "video/x-dv"},{".dir", "application/x-director"},{".disco", "text/xml"},{".dll", "application/x-msdownload"},{".dll.config", "text/xml"},{".dlm", "text/dlm"},{".doc", "application/msword"},{".docm", "application/vnd.ms-word.document.macroEnabled.12"},{".docx", "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document"},{".dot", "application/msword"},{".dotm", "application/vnd.ms-word.template.macroEnabled.12"},{".dotx", "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.template"},{".dsp", "application/octet-stream"},{".dsw", "text/plain"},{".dtd", "text/xml"},{".dtsConfig", "text/xml"},{".dv", "video/x-dv"},{".dvi", "application/x-dvi"},{".dwf", "drawing/x-dwf"},{".dwp", "application/octet-stream"},{".dxr", "application/x-director"},{".eml", "message/rfc822"},{".emz", "application/octet-stream"},{".eot", "application/octet-stream"},{".eps", "application/postscript"},{".etl", "application/etl"},{".etx", "text/x-setext"},{".evy", "application/envoy"},{".exe", "application/octet-stream"},{".exe.config", "text/xml"},{".fdf", "application/vnd.fdf"},{".fif", "application/fractals"},{".filters", "Application/xml"},{".fla", "application/octet-stream"},{".flr", "x-world/x-vrml"},{".flv", "video/x-flv"},{".fsscript", "application/fsharp-script"},{".fsx", "application/fsharp-script"},{".generictest", "application/xml"},{".gif", "image/gif"},{".group", "text/x-ms-group"},{".gsm", "audio/x-gsm"},{".gtar", "application/x-gtar"},{".gz", "application/x-gzip"},{".h", "text/plain"},{".hdf", "application/x-hdf"},{".hdml", "text/x-hdml"},{".hhc", "application/x-oleobject"},{".hhk", "application/octet-stream"},{".hhp", "application/octet-stream"},{".hlp", "application/winhlp"},{".hpp", "text/plain"},{".hqx", "application/mac-binhex40"},{".hta", "application/hta"},{".htc", "text/x-component"},{".htm", "text/html"},{".html", "text/html"},{".htt", "text/webviewhtml"},{".hxa", "application/xml"},{".hxc", "application/xml"},{".hxd", "application/octet-stream"},{".hxe", "application/xml"},{".hxf", "application/xml"},{".hxh", "application/octet-stream"},{".hxi", "application/octet-stream"},{".hxk", "application/xml"},{".hxq", "application/octet-stream"},{".hxr", "application/octet-stream"},{".hxs", "application/octet-stream"},{".hxt", "text/html"},{".hxv", "application/xml"},{".hxw", "application/octet-stream"},{".hxx", "text/plain"},{".i", "text/plain"},{".ico", "image/x-icon"},{".ics", "application/octet-stream"},{".idl", "text/plain"},{".ief", "image/ief"},{".iii", "application/x-iphone"},{".inc", "text/plain"},{".inf", "application/octet-stream"},{".inl", "text/plain"},{".ins", "application/x-internet-signup"},{".ipa", "application/x-itunes-ipa"},{".ipg", "application/x-itunes-ipg"},{".ipproj", "text/plain"},{".ipsw", "application/x-itunes-ipsw"},{".iqy", "text/x-ms-iqy"},{".isp", "application/x-internet-signup"},{".ite", "application/x-itunes-ite"},{".itlp", "application/x-itunes-itlp"},{".itms", "application/x-itunes-itms"},{".itpc", "application/x-itunes-itpc"},{".IVF", "video/x-ivf"},{".jar", "application/java-archive"},{".java", "application/octet-stream"},{".jck", "application/liquidmotion"},{".jcz", "application/liquidmotion"},{".jfif", "image/pjpeg"},{".jnlp", "application/x-java-jnlp-file"},{".jpb", "application/octet-stream"},{".jpe", "image/jpeg"},{".jpeg", "image/jpeg"},{".jpg", "image/jpeg"},{".js", "application/x-javascript"},{".jsx", "text/jscript"},{".jsxbin", "text/plain"},{".latex", "application/x-latex"},{".library-ms", "application/windows-library+xml"},{".lit", "application/x-ms-reader"},{".loadtest", "application/xml"},{".lpk", "application/octet-stream"},{".lsf", "video/x-la-asf"},{".lst", "text/plain"},{".lsx", "video/x-la-asf"},{".lzh", "application/octet-stream"},{".m13", "application/x-msmediaview"},{".m14", "application/x-msmediaview"},{".m1v", "video/mpeg"},{".m2t", "video/vnd.dlna.mpeg-tts"},{".m2ts", "video/vnd.dlna.mpeg-tts"},{".m2v", "video/mpeg"},{".m3u", "audio/x-mpegurl"},{".m3u8", "audio/x-mpegurl"},{".m4a", "audio/m4a"},{".m4b", "audio/m4b"},{".m4p", "audio/m4p"},{".m4r", "audio/x-m4r"},{".m4v", "video/x-m4v"},{".mac", "image/x-macpaint"},{".mak", "text/plain"},{".man", "application/x-troff-man"},{".manifest", "application/x-ms-manifest"},{".map", "text/plain"},{".master", "application/xml"},{".mda", "application/msaccess"},{".mdb", "application/x-msaccess"},{".mde", "application/msaccess"},{".mdp", "application/octet-stream"},{".me", "application/x-troff-me"},{".mfp", "application/x-shockwave-flash"},{".mht", "message/rfc822"},{".mhtml", "message/rfc822"},{".mid", "audio/mid"},{".midi", "audio/mid"},{".mix", "application/octet-stream"},{".mk", "text/plain"},{".mmf", "application/x-smaf"},{".mno", "text/xml"},{".mny", "application/x-msmoney"},{".mod", "video/mpeg"},{".mov", "video/quicktime"},{".movie", "video/x-sgi-movie"},{".mp2", "video/mpeg"},{".mp2v", "video/mpeg"},{".mp3", "audio/mpeg"},{".mp4", "video/mp4"},{".mp4v", "video/mp4"},{".mpa", "video/mpeg"},{".mpe", "video/mpeg"},{".mpeg", "video/mpeg"},{".mpf", "application/vnd.ms-mediapackage"},{".mpg", "video/mpeg"},{".mpp", "application/vnd.ms-project"},{".mpv2", "video/mpeg"},{".mqv", "video/quicktime"},{".ms", "application/x-troff-ms"},{".msi", "application/octet-stream"},{".mso", "application/octet-stream"},{".mts", "video/vnd.dlna.mpeg-tts"},{".mtx", "application/xml"},{".mvb", "application/x-msmediaview"},{".mvc", "application/x-miva-compiled"},{".mxp", "application/x-mmxp"},{".nc", "application/x-netcdf"},{".nsc", "video/x-ms-asf"},{".nws", "message/rfc822"},{".ocx", "application/octet-stream"},{".oda", "application/oda"},{".odc", "text/x-ms-odc"},{".odh", "text/plain"},{".odl", "text/plain"},{".odp", "application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.presentation"},{".ods", "application/oleobject"},{".odt", "application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text"},{".one", "application/onenote"},{".onea", "application/onenote"},{".onepkg", "application/onenote"},{".onetmp", "application/onenote"},{".onetoc", "application/onenote"},{".onetoc2", "application/onenote"},{".orderedtest", "application/xml"},{".osdx", "application/opensearchdescription+xml"},{".p10", "application/pkcs10"},{".p12", "application/x-pkcs12"},{".p7b", "application/x-pkcs7-certificates"},{".p7c", "application/pkcs7-mime"},{".p7m", "application/pkcs7-mime"},{".p7r", "application/x-pkcs7-certreqresp"},{".p7s", "application/pkcs7-signature"},{".pbm", "image/x-portable-bitmap"},{".pcast", "application/x-podcast"},{".pct", "image/pict"},{".pcx", "application/octet-stream"},{".pcz", "application/octet-stream"},{".pdf", "application/pdf"},{".pfb", "application/octet-stream"},{".pfm", "application/octet-stream"},{".pfx", "application/x-pkcs12"},{".pgm", "image/x-portable-graymap"},{".pic", "image/pict"},{".pict", "image/pict"},{".pkgdef", "text/plain"},{".pkgundef", "text/plain"},{".pko", "application/vnd.ms-pki.pko"},{".pls", "audio/scpls"},{".pma", "application/x-perfmon"},{".pmc", "application/x-perfmon"},{".pml", "application/x-perfmon"},{".pmr", "application/x-perfmon"},{".pmw", "application/x-perfmon"},{".png", "image/png"},{".pnm", "image/x-portable-anymap"},{".pnt", "image/x-macpaint"},{".pntg", "image/x-macpaint"},{".pnz", "image/png"},{".pot", "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint"},{".potm", "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint.template.macroEnabled.12"},{".potx", "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.template"},{".ppa", "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint"},{".ppam", "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint.addin.macroEnabled.12"},{".ppm", "image/x-portable-pixmap"},{".pps", "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint"},{".ppsm", "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint.slideshow.macroEnabled.12"},{".ppsx", "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.slideshow"},{".ppt", "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint"},{".pptm", "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint.presentation.macroEnabled.12"},{".pptx", "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation"},{".prf", "application/pics-rules"},{".prm", "application/octet-stream"},{".prx", "application/octet-stream"},{".ps", "application/postscript"},{".psc1", "application/PowerShell"},{".psd", "application/octet-stream"},{".psess", "application/xml"},{".psm", "application/octet-stream"},{".psp", "application/octet-stream"},{".pub", "application/x-mspublisher"},{".pwz", "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint"},{".qht", "text/x-html-insertion"},{".qhtm", "text/x-html-insertion"},{".qt", "video/quicktime"},{".qti", "image/x-quicktime"},{".qtif", "image/x-quicktime"},{".qtl", "application/x-quicktimeplayer"},{".qxd", "application/octet-stream"},{".ra", "audio/x-pn-realaudio"},{".ram", "audio/x-pn-realaudio"},{".rar", "application/octet-stream"},{".ras", "image/x-cmu-raster"},{".rat", "application/rat-file"},{".rc", "text/plain"},{".rc2", "text/plain"},{".rct", "text/plain"},{".rdlc", "application/xml"},{".resx", "application/xml"},{".rf", "image/vnd.rn-realflash"},{".rgb", "image/x-rgb"},{".rgs", "text/plain"},{".rm", "application/vnd.rn-realmedia"},{".rmi", "audio/mid"},{".rmp", "application/vnd.rn-rn_music_package"},{".roff", "application/x-troff"},{".rpm", "audio/x-pn-realaudio-plugin"},{".rqy", "text/x-ms-rqy"},{".rtf", "application/rtf"},{".rtx", "text/richtext"},{".ruleset", "application/xml"},{".s", "text/plain"},{".safariextz", "application/x-safari-safariextz"},{".scd", "application/x-msschedule"},{".sct", "text/scriptlet"},{".sd2", "audio/x-sd2"},{".sdp", "application/sdp"},{".sea", "application/octet-stream"},{".searchConnector-ms", "application/windows-search-connector+xml"},{".setpay", "application/set-payment-initiation"},{".setreg", "application/set-registration-initiation"},{".settings", "application/xml"},{".sgimb", "application/x-sgimb"},{".sgml", "text/sgml"},{".sh", "application/x-sh"},{".shar", "application/x-shar"},{".shtml", "text/html"},{".sit", "application/x-stuffit"},{".sitemap", "application/xml"},{".skin", "application/xml"},{".sldm", "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint.slide.macroEnabled.12"},{".sldx", "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.slide"},{".slk", "application/vnd.ms-excel"},{".sln", "text/plain"},{".slupkg-ms", "application/x-ms-license"},{".smd", "audio/x-smd"},{".smi", "application/octet-stream"},{".smx", "audio/x-smd"},{".smz", "audio/x-smd"},{".snd", "audio/basic"},{".snippet", "application/xml"},{".snp", "application/octet-stream"},{".sol", "text/plain"},{".sor", "text/plain"},{".spc", "application/x-pkcs7-certificates"},{".spl", "application/futuresplash"},{".src", "application/x-wais-source"},{".srf", "text/plain"},{".SSISDeploymentManifest", "text/xml"},{".ssm", "application/streamingmedia"},{".sst", "application/vnd.ms-pki.certstore"},{".stl", "application/vnd.ms-pki.stl"},{".sv4cpio", "application/x-sv4cpio"},{".sv4crc", "application/x-sv4crc"},{".svc", "application/xml"},{".swf", "application/x-shockwave-flash"},{".t", "application/x-troff"},{".tar", "application/x-tar"},{".tcl", "application/x-tcl"},{".testrunconfig", "application/xml"},{".testsettings", "application/xml"},{".tex", "application/x-tex"},{".texi", "application/x-texinfo"},{".texinfo", "application/x-texinfo"},{".tgz", "application/x-compressed"},{".thmx", "application/vnd.ms-officetheme"},{".thn", "application/octet-stream"},{".tif", "image/tiff"},{".tiff", "image/tiff"},{".tlh", "text/plain"},{".tli", "text/plain"},{".toc", "application/octet-stream"},{".tr", "application/x-troff"},{".trm", "application/x-msterminal"},{".trx", "application/xml"},{".ts", "video/vnd.dlna.mpeg-tts"},{".tsv", "text/tab-separated-values"},{".ttf", "application/octet-stream"},{".tts", "video/vnd.dlna.mpeg-tts"},{".txt", "text/plain"},{".u32", "application/octet-stream"},{".uls", "text/iuls"},{".user", "text/plain"},{".ustar", "application/x-ustar"},{".vb", "text/plain"},{".vbdproj", "text/plain"},{".vbk", "video/mpeg"},{".vbproj", "text/plain"},{".vbs", "text/vbscript"},{".vcf", "text/x-vcard"},{".vcproj", "Application/xml"},{".vcs", "text/plain"},{".vcxproj", "Application/xml"},{".vddproj", "text/plain"},{".vdp", "text/plain"},{".vdproj", "text/plain"},{".vdx", "application/vnd.ms-visio.viewer"},{".vml", "text/xml"},{".vscontent", "application/xml"},{".vsct", "text/xml"},{".vsd", "application/vnd.visio"},{".vsi", "application/ms-vsi"},{".vsix", "application/vsix"},{".vsixlangpack", "text/xml"},{".vsixmanifest", "text/xml"},{".vsmdi", "application/xml"},{".vspscc", "text/plain"},{".vss", "application/vnd.visio"},{".vsscc", "text/plain"},{".vssettings", "text/xml"},{".vssscc", "text/plain"},{".vst", "application/vnd.visio"},{".vstemplate", "text/xml"},{".vsto", "application/x-ms-vsto"},{".vsw", "application/vnd.visio"},{".vsx", "application/vnd.visio"},{".vtx", "application/vnd.visio"},{".wav", "audio/wav"},{".wave", "audio/wav"},{".wax", "audio/x-ms-wax"},{".wbk", "application/msword"},{".wbmp", "image/vnd.wap.wbmp"},{".wcm", "application/vnd.ms-works"},{".wdb", "application/vnd.ms-works"},{".wdp", "image/vnd.ms-photo"},{".webarchive", "application/x-safari-webarchive"},{".webtest", "application/xml"},{".wiq", "application/xml"},{".wiz", "application/msword"},{".wks", "application/vnd.ms-works"},{".WLMP", "application/wlmoviemaker"},{".wlpginstall", "application/x-wlpg-detect"},{".wlpginstall3", "application/x-wlpg3-detect"},{".wm", "video/x-ms-wm"},{".wma", "audio/x-ms-wma"},{".wmd", "application/x-ms-wmd"},{".wmf", "application/x-msmetafile"},{".wml", "text/vnd.wap.wml"},{".wmlc", "application/vnd.wap.wmlc"},{".wmls", "text/vnd.wap.wmlscript"},{".wmlsc", "application/vnd.wap.wmlscriptc"},{".wmp", "video/x-ms-wmp"},{".wmv", "video/x-ms-wmv"},{".wmx", "video/x-ms-wmx"},{".wmz", "application/x-ms-wmz"},{".wpl", "application/vnd.ms-wpl"},{".wps", "application/vnd.ms-works"},{".wri", "application/x-mswrite"},{".wrl", "x-world/x-vrml"},{".wrz", "x-world/x-vrml"},{".wsc", "text/scriptlet"},{".wsdl", "text/xml"},{".wvx", "video/x-ms-wvx"},{".x", "application/directx"},{".xaf", "x-world/x-vrml"},{".xaml", "application/xaml+xml"},{".xap", "application/x-silverlight-app"},{".xbap", "application/x-ms-xbap"},{".xbm", "image/x-xbitmap"},{".xdr", "text/plain"},{".xht", "application/xhtml+xml"},{".xhtml", "application/xhtml+xml"},{".xla", "application/vnd.ms-excel"},{".xlam", "application/vnd.ms-excel.addin.macroEnabled.12"},{".xlc", "application/vnd.ms-excel"},{".xld", "application/vnd.ms-excel"},{".xlk", "application/vnd.ms-excel"},{".xll", "application/vnd.ms-excel"},{".xlm", "application/vnd.ms-excel"},{".xls", "application/vnd.ms-excel"},{".xlsb", "application/vnd.ms-excel.sheet.binary.macroEnabled.12"},{".xlsm", "application/vnd.ms-excel.sheet.macroEnabled.12"},{".xlsx", "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet"},{".xlt", "application/vnd.ms-excel"},{".xltm", "application/vnd.ms-excel.template.macroEnabled.12"},{".xltx", "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.template"},{".xlw", "application/vnd.ms-excel"},{".xml", "text/xml"},{".xmta", "application/xml"},{".xof", "x-world/x-vrml"},{".XOML", "text/plain"},{".xpm", "image/x-xpixmap"},{".xps", "application/vnd.ms-xpsdocument"},{".xrm-ms", "text/xml"},{".xsc", "application/xml"},{".xsd", "text/xml"},{".xsf", "text/xml"},{".xsl", "text/xml"},{".xslt", "text/xml"},{".xsn", "application/octet-stream"},{".xss", "application/xml"},{".xtp", "application/octet-stream"},{".xwd", "image/x-xwindowdump"},{".z", "application/x-compress"},{".zip", "application/x-zip-compressed"},#endregion};public static string GetMimeType(string extension){if (extension == null){throw new ArgumentNullException("extension");}if (!extension.StartsWith(".")){extension = "." + extension;}string mime;return _mappings.TryGetValue(extension, out mime) ? mime :"application/octet-stream";}}

上面获取Content-Type的三种方法各有利弊，要根据不同的使用环境选择。