摄影构图

Photography isn’t just a technical pastime; it’s an art. While it’s important to understand how to control your camera, it should be so you can capture the kind of photos you want, rather than so you can take boring, if technically correct, photos.

摄影不仅仅是一种技术消遣， 这是一门艺术。 虽然了解如何控制相机很重要，但应该可以捕捉所需的照片种类，而不是让您拍摄无聊的照片(如果技术上正确的话)。

Here is a technically perfect, awful photo. It’s well exposed, there are good shadow and highlight details, the colors are accurate, and it’s thoroughly and completely boring.

这是一张技术上非常完美的照片。 它曝光良好，阴影和高光细节很好，色彩准确，而且完全无聊。

And here is one of my favorite photos that I’ve taken this year. It was shot with an old film camera, so the quality isn’t perfect. There are a few development artifacts, and it’s a little soft. But it’s a much more interesting image than the photo of my light switch.

这是我今年拍摄的最喜欢的照片之一。 它是用旧的胶卷相机拍摄的，因此画质并不完美。 有一些开发工件，并且有些软。 但这是比我的电灯开关照片有趣得多的图像。

Now, this is an extreme example, but it’s a point that holds across all areas of photography. There is something more to photography than just technical perfection. It’s more than just taking photos of pretty places or people, and it’s what separates art from snapshots and good photos from bad. The word for that something more is composition.

现在，这是一个极端的例子，但这一点适用于所有摄影领域。 摄影不仅仅是技术上的完美。 这不仅是在美丽的地方或人物上拍照，而且是将艺术品与快照，好照片与坏照片区分开的地方。 词更多的是组成。

组成就是您放置事物的方式 (Composition Is How You Place Things)

Composition, at its most basic, is how you place your subject (and everything else) in your image. While it’s rare that you’ll be able to physically position buildings and trees where you want them to be, your choice of focal length, aperture, and where you stand all drastically change how different things will appear in the frame.

最基本的构图是如何在图像中放置主题(以及其他所有内容)。 尽管很少能够将建筑物和树木物理地定位在想要的位置，但是您对焦距，光圈和站立位置的选择会极大地改变框架中不同事物的显示方式。

Composition is the language of photography. How your subjects appear relative to each other, any additional objects, and the background communicates a lot to the viewer. In the photo below, you can see how I spent some time playing around with different compositions involving the small formation of rocks.

构图是摄影的语言。 您的主题相对于彼此，任何其他对象的显示方式以及背景与观众的交流非常多。 在下面的照片中，您可以看到我是如何花一些时间来研究涉及小的岩石形成的不同构图的。

I finally settled on this as the strongest composition because I liked how it balanced the rocks, sea, and sky. The other compositions all placed too much emphasis on one thing over the other two.

最终，我决定将其作为最强的构图，因为我喜欢它如何平衡岩石，海洋和天空。 其他构成都过于强调另一件事而不是其他两个。

In this photo, since the model is the only real subject, I didn’t want the people in the background being a distraction. To make sure they weren’t, I used a wide aperture to get a shallow depth of field to blur them out.

在这张照片中，由于模型是唯一的真实主体，所以我不希望背景中的人分心。 为了确保它们不是，我使用大光圈获得浅景深以使它们模糊。

On the other hand, in this shot, which is about the relationship between the three restaurant workers on a break, I used a narrow depth of field to make sure they were all in focus.

另一方面，在这张镜头中，这是关于三个餐厅工作人员休息时间的关系的，我使用了狭窄的景深来确保他们全都聚焦。

As you can see, where you place the different parts of your image and how they appear relative to one another is how you convey your message to the viewer. Now, I’m not saying every photo needs some big, world-changing message. But at their best, every photo tells a story—even if it’s a small story. The most common themes that run through my photos are:

如您所见，将图像的不同部分放置在哪里以及它们相对于彼此的显示方式是您如何向查看者传达信息。 现在，我并不是说每张照片都需要一些大的，改变世界的信息。 但最好的是，每张照片都讲述一个故事-即使是一个小故事。 我的照片中最常见的主题是：

• Humans are pretty cool.人类非常酷。
• Nature is seriously beautiful.大自然非常美丽。

If you look at the majority of photos in my tutorials here on How-To Geek, they fall into one of those two big buckets. But, just because the message is simple, doesn’t mean that I’m not putting effort into conveying it. Here’s a shot of mine that combines both.

如果您在我的How-To Geek教程中查看大多数照片，它们就会属于这两个大类之一。 但是，仅因为消息很简单，并不意味着我没有付出任何努力来传达它。 这是我的结合两者的镜头。

See how I’ve made Will, the skier, small relative to the nature around him and used the steepness of the slope, the spray from his skis, and the space he has to move into to show his speed? This is what I mean when I say that composition is the language of photography. It’s decisions like these that give your photos meaning.

看看我如何使滑雪者Will相对于他周围的自然环境较小，并利用坡度陡峭，滑雪板的喷雾以及他必须进入的空间来展示自己的速度？ 这就是我说构图是摄影的语言时的意思。 像这样的决定使您的照片具有意义。

组成遵循“规则” (Composition Follows “Rules”)

The good news is that, while composition takes years to master, it does tend to follow some basic “rules”—well, really guidelines.

好消息是，虽然合成需要花费数年才能掌握，但它确实会遵循一些基本的“规则” —确实是准则。

You’ve probably heard of the rule of thirds, and while it’s a bit too simplistic to be really useful, there are other, stronger ideas with which you can play around. We’ll be exploring many of these in a lot more depth here on How-To Geek, but here are a few to get you started.

您可能已经听说过三分法则，虽然它太简单了以至于不能真正有用，但您还可以使用其他更强大的想法。 我们将在“ How-To Geek”上更深入地探讨其中的许多内容，但这里有一些入门指南。

Size in the frame matters. The larger something is, the more important it will feel, especially when it’s contrasted with something that appears relatively small. Take this shot: by making myself small in the frame, it gives both me and the mountains scale.

框架中的大小很重要。 事物越大，感觉就越重要，尤其是与看起来相对较小的事物形成对比时。 拍摄这张照片：通过使自己在框架中变小，它可以使我和山脉都得到缩放。

People will see what’s in focus first. Even though the grass stalks are large and in front of the model, our eyes are drawn to her because she’s the only thing in focus.

人们将首先看到重点。 即使草杆很大并且在模型的前面，我们还是会吸引她，因为她是唯一的焦点。

Lines, either natural or manmade, are a great way to lead the viewer’s eyes exactly where you want them. Just look at how all the leading lines—I’ve marked them in pink—pull your eyes straight to the model.

线条(无论是自然的还是人造的)都是将观看者的眼睛准确引导到您想要的位置的绝佳方法。 只要看看所有的引导线(我已用粉红色标记)如何使您的眼睛直接注视模型即可。

A good photo should feel balanced. You can achieve this either through symmetry or by balancing different elements against each other. In this photo, despite being drastically different sizes in the frame, the moon and rock offset each other nicely.

一张好的照片应该保持平衡。 您可以通过对称或通过平衡不同元素来实现此目的。 在这张照片中，尽管框架的尺寸截然不同，但月亮和岩石却很好地相互抵消了。

Don’t just use the foreground. Use the midground and background too. It gives your images a much greater sense of depth.

不要只使用前景。 也要使用背景和背景。 它使您的图像更具深度感。

Color is incredibly important. The brightest, most saturated colors will always draw our eyes. Different colors also convey different moods and emotions. Pale blues are peaceful while bright reds can be angry or energetic. I wanted a sense of tranquility in this photo, so I emphasized the almost pastel blue and gold colors.

颜色非常重要。 最明亮，最饱和的色彩将永远吸引我们的目光。 不同的颜色也传达出不同的情绪和情感。 淡蓝色使人感到平静，而鲜红色可能使人生气或精力充沛。 我想要这张照片的宁静感，所以我强调了几乎柔和的蓝色和金色。

And that’s just a small sampling of some of the ways you can use composition to convey different meanings. Once you start thinking about it while you’re shooting, you’re well on your way to developing a great eye for photography.

这只是您使用构图传达不同含义的一些方式的一小部分。 一旦您在拍摄时就开始思考，就可以为摄影发展出良好的眼光。

Composition is the language that you, the photographer, can use to communicate with the viewer. How you place the different components of your image relative to each other is what gives your photos meaning.

构图是您(摄影师)可以用来与查看者交流的语言。 如何将图像的不同部分彼此相对放置，才使照片具有意义。

翻译自: https://www.howtogeek.com/398989/what-is-composition-in-photography/

摄影构图