Ubuntu[16.04/18.04/20.04] arm 下修改本地源 sources.list 为国内镜像

今天在安装部署盒子上面环境的时候出现了下面的报错信息：

可以看到，是因为需要使用到rz命令来上传文件数据，触发不存在该命令，之后安装的时候出现异常，我们其实已经替换了原始的源数据为中科大的源了，不知道什么问题还是不行，所以这里要修改成其他的源。

sources.list文件的条目都是有格式的（通过上面的内容大家也看的出来），一般有如下形式：

deb http://site.example.com/debian distribution component1 component2 component3
deb-src http://site.example.com/debian distribution component1 component2 component3

后面几个参数是对软件包的分类（Ubuntu下是 main restricted universe multiverse 这四个）

main:完全的自由软件。
restricted:不完全的自由软件。
universe:ubuntu官方不提供支持与补丁，全靠社区支持。
muitiverse：非自由软件，完全不提供支持和补丁

ubuntu的长期维护版本（LTS）的版本代号对照表

版本号 Codename
18.04   bionic
16.04   xenial
14.04   trusty
12.04   precise
20.04   focal

目前国内比较常用的源主要有：阿里、清华、中科大，下面我们来看下对应的内容，我已经完整整理了三个主要源在Ubuntu16.04/18.04/20.04下的对应内容，需要的话可以直接使用。如下所示：

[阿里源-ubuntu 16.04]
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ xenial main
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ xenial main
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-updates main
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-updates main
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ xenial universe
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ xenial universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-updates universe
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-updates universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-security main
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-security main
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-security universe
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-security universe[阿里源-ubuntu 18.04]
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse[阿里源-ubuntu 20.04]
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse[清华源-ubuntu 16.04]
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ xenial main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ xenial main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-backports main multiverse restricted universe[清华源-ubuntu 18.04]
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse[清华源-ubuntu 20.04]
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse[中科大源-ubuntu 16.04]
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse[中科大源-ubuntu 18.04]
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ xenial main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ xenial main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-updates main multiverse restricted universe[中科大源-ubuntu 20.04]
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

除此之外，华为源也是一个不错的源，可以使用下面的命令来直接使用，这里因为我用到的是Ubuntu18.04的，别的还没用过，直接给出来Ubuntu18.04下的命令：

wget -O /etc/apt/sources.list https://repo.huaweicloud.com/repository/conf/Ubuntu-Ports-bionic.list
apt-get update

使用起来起来还是很方便的。对应的源内容如下，如果不想使用上面的命令一键操作的话也可以自己手工替换，这里我同时给出来了Ubuntu16.04和18.04的内容，如下所示：

[华为源-18.04]
deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse[华为源-16.04]
deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu-ports/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu-ports/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

替换源内容的话就比较简单的，建议编辑操作之前最好备份一下原始文件：

cd /etc/apt
cp sources.list sources.list.backup

之后就可以使用vim来编辑sources.list文件了，将原始内容注释掉或者删除都行，复制上面对应的部分粘贴进去就行了，这里就不多赘述了。

总结记录备忘！

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