单片机裸机开发中会经常遇到外设速度过慢，长时间读忙等待，但CPU又不能长时间阻塞的问题。
这种问题可以通过实现一个状态机来异步处理。

异步状态机代码结构示例：

enum
{eIDLE = 0,eSTART,eWAIT,eSUCCESS
};static uint8_t stage = 0;
//启动异步处理
void DoSomethingRequest()
{if(stage != eIDLE){printf("AsyncMachine is busy!!!,return\n");return;}SomethingReq = TRUE;
}
//异步处理任务
void AsyncMachine()
{switch(stage){case eIDLE:if(SomethingReq){stage = eSTART;printf("A task will be start\n");}break;case eSTART: do_something();stage = eWAIT;printf("do something\n");break;case eWAIT: if(something_state() == OK){stage = eSUCCESS;}printf("Wait...\n");break;case eSUCCESS: stage = eIDLE;printf("task exec success\n");break;}
}

通过把阻塞的任务单独分离出来，交给一个状态机子任务来处理。则应用程序只需要调用一个处理请求而无需原地死等，状态机处理完成后，可以异步回调来通知应用程序任务已完成。

下面附上SPI FLASH 同步/异步读写实例。

//SPI状态机状态
typedef enum
{eFLASH_STATE_IDLE = 0,eFLASH_STATE_WRITE = 1, eFLASH_STATE_READ = 2,eFLASH_STATE_BUSY = 3,eFLASH_STATE_ERASE_CHIP = 4,eFLASH_STATE_ERASE = 5,
}FlashState_e;
//SPI设备结构体
typedef struct SpiDevice_s {SPI_TypeDef *spiHandle;//SPI物理属性uint8_t *pTxBuffer;//异步发送缓存uint32_t uTxDstAddr;//异步发送目地地址uint16_t wTxLen;//异步发送长度uint16_t wTxOffset; //异步当前缓存已发送偏移 uint8_t *pRxBuffer;uint32_t uRxSrcAddr;uint16_t wRxLen;uint16_t wRxOffset; void (*pWriteAsyncNotifyCallback)(); //异步写完成回调通知void (*pEraseChipAsyncNotifyCallback)();//异不擦除回调通知struct {FlashState_e eStage;//当前状态机状态//BOOL bTxBusy:1;   //发送忙BOOL bTxReq:1;     //发送请求BOOL bTxCompleted:1;//发送完成//BOOL bRxBusy:1;  //读忙BOOL bRxReq:1;    //读请求BOOL bEraseChipReq:1;//擦整片请求BOOL bEraseSectorReq:1;//擦扇区请求BOOL bEraseSuccess:1; //擦成功}tState;void (*Init)(void);uint8_t (*EraseChip)(void);//同步擦void (*Read)(uint8_t* pBuffer,uint32_t uReadAddr,uint16_t wNumByteToRead);//同步读uint32_t (*WriteByte)(uint8_t Byte, uint32_t uWriteAddr);//同步写字节uint32_t (*Write)(uint8_t* pBuffer,uint32_t uWriteAddr, uint16_t wNumByteToWrite);//同步写BOOL (*WriteAsync)(uint8_t* pBuffer,uint32_t uWriteAddr, uint16_t wNumByteToWrite);//异步写BOOL (*EraseChipAsync)(void);//异步整片擦BOOL (*EraseAsync)(uint32_t uAddr, uint16_t wlen);//奶步擦void (*WriteAsyncNotifyCallbackRegister)(void* pfn);//异步写完成回调注册void (*EraseChipAsyncNotifyCallbackRegister)(void *pfn);//异步擦完成回调注册
}SpiDevice_t;

实例化

SpiDevice_t g_tSpiDevice =
{SPI2,g_aTxBuffer,0,0,0,g_aRxBuffer,0,0,0,0,0,{0,0},Spi_Init,SPI_Flash_Erase_Chip,  //ͬ²½ÕûƬ²ÁSPI_Flash_Read,             //ͬ²½¶ÁSPI_Flash_WriteByte,    //ͬ²½Ð´×Ö½ÚSPI_Flash_Write,            //ͬ²½Ð´SPI_FlashWriteAsync,    //Ò첽дSPI_FlashEraseChipAsync,    //Òì²½ÕûƬ²Á³ýSPI_FlashEraseAsync,SPI_WriteAsyncNotifyCallbackRegister,//д״̬Ò첽֪ͨ»Øµ÷SPI_EraseChipAsyncNotifyCallbackRegister,//²Á³ý״̬Ò첽֪ͨ»Øµ÷
};
//SPI同步操作
/*****************
²Á³ýÒ»¸öÉÈÇø
0~511
******************/
unsigned char SPI_Flash_Erase_Sector(unsigned int Dst_Addr)
{  unsigned char cnt=0; SPI_FLASH_Write_Enable();                  //SET WEL           while((SPI_Flash_Read_SR()&0x2)!=0x2) {cnt ++;if(cnt >200)return FALSE;}   SPI_CS_LOW();                            SPI_Flash_ReadWrite_Byte(SECTOR_ERASE);      SPI_Flash_ReadWrite_Byte((unsigned char)((Dst_Addr)>>16));   SPI_Flash_ReadWrite_Byte((unsigned char)((Dst_Addr)>>8));  SPI_Flash_ReadWrite_Byte((unsigned char)Dst_Addr); SPI_CS_HIGH();                                         SPI_Flash_Wait_Busy();  return TRUE;
} /*64K Flash¿Õ¼ä²Á³ý*/
unsigned char SPI_Flash_Erase_64k(unsigned int Dst_Addr)
{  unsigned char cnt=0;SPI_FLASH_Write_Enable();                  //SET WEL           while((SPI_Flash_Read_SR()&0x2)!=0x2) {cnt ++;if(cnt >200)return FALSE;} SPI_CS_LOW();                            SPI_Flash_ReadWrite_Byte(BLOCK_ERASE_64K);      SPI_Flash_ReadWrite_Byte((unsigned char)((Dst_Addr)>>16));   SPI_Flash_ReadWrite_Byte((unsigned char)((Dst_Addr)>>8));  SPI_Flash_ReadWrite_Byte((unsigned char)Dst_Addr); SPI_CS_HIGH();                                         SPI_Flash_Wait_Busy(); return TRUE;
} /*²Á³ýоƬ*/
unsigned char SPI_Flash_Erase_Chip(void)
{   unsigned char cnt=0;     SPI_FLASH_Write_Enable();                  //SET WELwhile((SPI_Flash_Read_SR()&0x2)!=0x2) {cnt ++;if(cnt >200)return FALSE;}SPI_CS_LOW();                             SPI_Flash_ReadWrite_Byte(CHIP_ERASE);        SPI_CS_HIGH();                                         SPI_Flash_Wait_Busy();  return TRUE;
}  /*Ö¸¶¨µØÖ·¶ÁÈ¡Ö¸¶¨³¤¶ÈÊý¾Ý*/
void SPI_Flash_Read(unsigned char* pBuffer,unsigned int ReadAddr,unsigned short int NumByteToRead)
{unsigned short int index; SPI_CS_LOW();                            SPI_Flash_ReadWrite_Byte(READ_DATA);         /*¸³ÖµµØÖ·*/SPI_Flash_ReadWrite_Byte((unsigned char)((ReadAddr)>>16));   SPI_Flash_ReadWrite_Byte((unsigned char)((ReadAddr)>>8));  SPI_Flash_ReadWrite_Byte((unsigned char)ReadAddr);for(index=0;index<NumByteToRead;index++){pBuffer[index]=SPI_Flash_ReadWrite_Byte(DUMMY); }SPI_CS_HIGH();
} uint32_t SPI_Flash_WriteByte(unsigned char Byte,unsigned int WriteAddr)
{unsigned char cnt=0;SPI_FLASH_Write_Enable();                  //SET WEL           while((SPI_Flash_Read_SR()&0x2)!=0x2) {cnt ++;if(cnt >200)return FALSE;   /*·µ»Øдʧ°Ü*/} SPI_CS_LOW();                            SPI_Flash_ReadWrite_Byte(PAGE_PRG);      SPI_Flash_ReadWrite_Byte((unsigned char)((WriteAddr)>>16));   SPI_Flash_ReadWrite_Byte((unsigned char)((WriteAddr)>>8));  SPI_Flash_ReadWrite_Byte((unsigned char)WriteAddr);SPI_Flash_ReadWrite_Byte(Byte);SPI_CS_HIGH();                                         SPI_Flash_Wait_Busy();return TRUE;}uint32_t SPI_Flash_Write(unsigned char* pBuffer,unsigned int WriteAddr,unsigned short int NumByteToWrite)
{unsigned short int pageoffset=PAGE_SIZE-(WriteAddr%PAGE_SIZE);  /*¼ÆËã¸ÃÒ³Öл¹ÓжàÉÙÊ£Óà¿Õ¼ä*/unsigned char cnt=0;unsigned short int index;unsigned int pagenum =WriteAddr/PAGE_SIZE;  /*±¾´ÎдÈëµÄÒ³Êý*/unsigned int Addr;if(pageoffset >= NumByteToWrite)  //Ê£Óà¿Õ¼ä´óÓÚҪдµÄÊýÁ¿{SPI_FLASH_Write_Enable();                  //SET WEL           while((SPI_Flash_Read_SR()&0x2)!=0x2) {cnt ++;if(cnt >200)return FALSE;   /*·µ»Øдʧ°Ü*/} SPI_CS_LOW();                            SPI_Flash_ReadWrite_Byte(PAGE_PRG);      SPI_Flash_ReadWrite_Byte((unsigned char)((WriteAddr)>>16));   SPI_Flash_ReadWrite_Byte((unsigned char)((WriteAddr)>>8));  SPI_Flash_ReadWrite_Byte((unsigned char)WriteAddr); for(index=0; index<NumByteToWrite;index++){SPI_Flash_ReadWrite_Byte(*(pBuffer+index)); }SPI_CS_HIGH();                                         SPI_Flash_Wait_Busy(); return TRUE;}else{/*ÏȽ«¸ÃÒ³ÌîÂú*/SPI_FLASH_Write_Enable();                  //SET WEL           while((SPI_Flash_Read_SR()&0x2)!=0x2) {cnt ++;if(cnt >200)return FALSE;   /*·µ»Øдʧ°Ü*/} SPI_CS_LOW();                            SPI_Flash_ReadWrite_Byte(PAGE_PRG);      SPI_Flash_ReadWrite_Byte((unsigned char)((WriteAddr)>>16));   SPI_Flash_ReadWrite_Byte((unsigned char)((WriteAddr)>>8));  SPI_Flash_ReadWrite_Byte((unsigned char)WriteAddr); for(index=0; index<pageoffset;index++){SPI_Flash_ReadWrite_Byte(*(pBuffer+index)); }SPI_CS_HIGH();                                         SPI_Flash_Wait_Busy(); NumByteToWrite -=pageoffset;  /*³¤¶È¼õȥдÈëÊý¾Ý*/pagenum++;Addr = pagenum*PAGE_SIZE;  //»ñÈ¡ÏÂÒ»Ò³µÄÆðʼµØÖ·while(NumByteToWrite >0){if(NumByteToWrite > PAGE_SIZE)  //ÈÔÈ»´óÓÚÒ»Ò³{SPI_FLASH_Write_Enable();                  //SET WEL           while((SPI_Flash_Read_SR()&0x2)!=0x2) {cnt ++;if(cnt >200)return FALSE;   /*·µ»Øдʧ°Ü*/} SPI_CS_LOW();                            SPI_Flash_ReadWrite_Byte(PAGE_PRG);      SPI_Flash_ReadWrite_Byte((unsigned char)((Addr)>>16));   SPI_Flash_ReadWrite_Byte((unsigned char)((Addr)>>8));  SPI_Flash_ReadWrite_Byte((unsigned char)Addr); for(index=0; index<PAGE_SIZE;index++){SPI_Flash_ReadWrite_Byte(*(pBuffer+index+pageoffset)); }SPI_CS_HIGH();                                         SPI_Flash_Wait_Busy();NumByteToWrite -=PAGE_SIZE;pageoffset +=PAGE_SIZE;pagenum++;Addr = pagenum*PAGE_SIZE;  //»ñÈ¡ÏÂÒ»Ò³µÄÆðʼµØÖ·}else{SPI_FLASH_Write_Enable();                  //SET WEL           while((SPI_Flash_Read_SR()&0x2)!=0x2) {cnt ++;if(cnt >200)return FALSE;   /*·µ»Øдʧ°Ü*/} SPI_CS_LOW();                            SPI_Flash_ReadWrite_Byte(PAGE_PRG);      SPI_Flash_ReadWrite_Byte((unsigned char)((Addr)>>16));   SPI_Flash_ReadWrite_Byte((unsigned char)((Addr)>>8));  SPI_Flash_ReadWrite_Byte((unsigned char)Addr); for(index=0; index<NumByteToWrite;index++){SPI_Flash_ReadWrite_Byte(*(pBuffer+index+pageoffset)); }SPI_CS_HIGH();                                         SPI_Flash_Wait_Busy();NumByteToWrite =0;}}return TRUE;}
}
/************************************************************************************************SPI异步操作*************************************************************************************************//*****************************************************************************************
º¯ÊýÃû³Æ:SPI_FlashWriteAsync异步写请求
º¯ÊýÃèÊö:Ò첽д
ÊäÈë²ÎÊý:
Êä³ö²ÎÊý:
º¯Êý·µ»Ø:
******************************************************************************************/
BOOL SPI_FlashWriteAsync(uint8_t* pBuffer,uint32_t uWriteAddr, uint16_t wNumByteToWrite)
{if(wNumByteToWrite > FLASH_TX_BUFFER_SIZE){return FALSE;}if(g_tSpiDevice.tState.eStage != eFLASH_STATE_IDLE){Debug(eDBUG_LEVEL_ERROR,"[%d]Flash_Write:busy,return\r\n", GetTicks());return FALSE;}memcpy(g_tSpiDevice.pTxBuffer, pBuffer, wNumByteToWrite);g_tSpiDevice.wTxLen = wNumByteToWrite;g_tSpiDevice.uTxDstAddr = uWriteAddr;g_tSpiDevice.wTxOffset = 0;g_tSpiDevice.tState.bTxReq = TRUE; //请求标志g_tSpiDevice.tState.bTxCompleted = FALSE;//g_tSpiDevice.tState.bTxBusy = TRUE;return TRUE;
}
/*****************************************************************************************
º¯ÊýÃû³Æ:SPI_FlashWriteAsync
º¯ÊýÃèÊö:Òì²½²ÁÕûƬ
ÊäÈë²ÎÊý:
Êä³ö²ÎÊý:
º¯Êý·µ»Ø:
******************************************************************************************/
BOOL SPI_FlashEraseChipAsync(void)
{//unsigned char cnt=0;     if(g_tSpiDevice.tState.eStage != eFLASH_STATE_IDLE){Debug(eDBUG_LEVEL_ERROR,"[%d]Flash_earse:busy,return\r\n", GetTicks());return FALSE;}g_tSpiDevice.tState.bEraseChipReq = TRUE;return TRUE;
}
/*****************************************************************************************
º¯ÊýÃû³Æ:异步擦除
º¯ÊýÃèÊö:Òì²½²ÁÖ¸¶¨µØÖ·
ÊäÈë²ÎÊý:
Êä³ö²ÎÊý:
º¯Êý·µ»Ø:
******************************************************************************************/
BOOL SPI_FlashEraseAsync(uint32_t uAddr, uint16_t wlen)
{//unsigned char cnt=0;     if(g_tSpiDevice.tState.eStage != eFLASH_STATE_IDLE){Debug(eDBUG_LEVEL_ERROR,"[%d]Flash_earse:busy,return\r\n", GetTicks());return FALSE;}g_tSpiDevice.wTxLen = wlen;g_tSpiDevice.uTxDstAddr = uAddr;g_tSpiDevice.wTxOffset = 0;g_tSpiDevice.tState.bEraseSectorReq = TRUE;return TRUE;
}
//注册完成通知
void SPI_WriteAsyncNotifyCallbackRegister(void *pfn)
{g_tSpiDevice.pWriteAsyncNotifyCallback = (void (*)())pfn;
}
void SPI_EraseChipAsyncNotifyCallbackRegister(void *pfn)
{g_tSpiDevice.pEraseChipAsyncNotifyCallback = (void (*)())pfn;
}//ÅжÏSPI FLASH æ
static BOOL SPI_FlashBusyCheck(void)
{if((SPI_Flash_Read_SR()&0x01)==0x01){return TRUE;} else {return FALSE;}
}
//дһҳ
static BOOL __SPI_FlashWritePage(uint32_t uWriteAddr, uint8_t *pData, uint16_t wWriteLen)
{uint8_t  cnt;uint16_t index;SPI_FLASH_Write_Enable();                  //SET WEL           while((SPI_Flash_Read_SR()&0x2)!=0x2) {cnt ++;if(cnt >200)return FALSE;   /*·µ»Øдʧ°Ü*/} SPI_CS_LOW();                            SPI_Flash_ReadWrite_Byte(PAGE_PRG);      SPI_Flash_ReadWrite_Byte((unsigned char)((uWriteAddr)>>16));   SPI_Flash_ReadWrite_Byte((unsigned char)((uWriteAddr)>>8));  SPI_Flash_ReadWrite_Byte((unsigned char)uWriteAddr); for(index=0; index < wWriteLen; index++){SPI_Flash_ReadWrite_Byte(*(pData+index)); }SPI_CS_HIGH();return TRUE;
}
//Ò첽д´¦Àí×ÓÈÎÎñ
static int32_t __SPI_FlashWrite(void)
{uint16_t wWriteRemainNum = g_tSpiDevice.wTxLen - g_tSpiDevice.wTxOffset;uint8_t *pData = g_tSpiDevice.pTxBuffer + g_tSpiDevice.wTxOffset;uint32_t uWriteAddr = g_tSpiDevice.uTxDstAddr + g_tSpiDevice.wTxOffset;uint16_t wPageRemain = PAGE_SIZE - (uWriteAddr % PAGE_SIZE);//ÅжÏдÍê³Éif(wWriteRemainNum == 0){//дÍê³Ég_tSpiDevice.tState.bTxCompleted = TRUE;//g_tSpiDevice.tState.bRxBusy = FALSE;g_tSpiDevice.tState.bTxReq = FALSE;g_tSpiDevice.tState.eStage = eFLASH_STATE_IDLE; //дÍê³É ת¿ÕÏÐif(g_tSpiDevice.pWriteAsyncNotifyCallback){//TODO Ò첽֪ͨ»Øµ÷ ¹©µ÷ÓÃÕßʵÏÖg_tSpiDevice.pWriteAsyncNotifyCallback();}return eSUCCESS;}        //СÓÚһҳʣÓà¿Éд×Ö½Úif(wWriteRemainNum <= wPageRemain){__SPI_FlashWritePage(uWriteAddr, pData, wWriteRemainNum);g_tSpiDevice.wTxOffset += wWriteRemainNum;//дÍêÊ£Óà}else {__SPI_FlashWritePage(uWriteAddr, pData, wPageRemain);g_tSpiDevice.wTxOffset += wPageRemain;//дһÕûÒ³£¬}//Òì²½¶Áæg_tSpiDevice.tState.eStage = eFLASH_STATE_BUSY;return eSUCCESS;
}
//Òì²½¶Áæ×ÓÈÎÎñ
static void __SPI_FlashBusy(void)
{//¶Áæ ·Ç×èÈûif(SPI_FlashBusyCheck()){return ;}//SPIÉϴβÙ×÷ÒÑÍê³É//TX processif(g_tSpiDevice.tState.bTxReq == TRUE){g_tSpiDevice.tState.eStage = eFLASH_STATE_WRITE;}//RX process// TODO ²Á³ýÒÑÍê³Éif(g_tSpiDevice.tState.bEraseChipReq == TRUE){g_tSpiDevice.tState.eStage = eFLASH_STATE_ERASE_CHIP;}if(g_tSpiDevice.tState.bEraseSectorReq == TRUE){g_tSpiDevice.tState.eStage = eFLASH_STATE_ERASE;}
}
//Òì²½²Á³ý×ÓÈÎÎñ ÕûƬ
static int32_t __SPI_FlashEraseChip(void)
{uint8_t cnt = 0;SPI_FLASH_Write_Enable();                  //SET WELif(g_tSpiDevice.tState.bEraseSuccess == TRUE){g_tSpiDevice.tState.bEraseSuccess = FALSE;g_tSpiDevice.tState.bEraseChipReq = FALSE;g_tSpiDevice.tState.eStage = eFLASH_STATE_IDLE;//дÍê³É ת¿ÕÏÐif(g_tSpiDevice.pEraseChipAsyncNotifyCallback){TODO Ò첽֪ͨ»Øµ÷ ¹©µ÷ÓÃÕßʵÏÖg_tSpiDevice.pEraseChipAsyncNotifyCallback();}return TRUE;}while((SPI_Flash_Read_SR()&0x2)!=0x2) {cnt ++;if(cnt >200)return FALSE;}SPI_CS_LOW();                             SPI_Flash_ReadWrite_Byte(CHIP_ERASE);        SPI_CS_HIGH();                                         //SPI_Flash_Wait_Busy(); g_tSpiDevice.tState.eStage = eFLASH_STATE_BUSY;//Òì²½¶Áæreturn TRUE;
}
//Òì²½²Á³ý×ÓÈÎÎñ
static int32_t __SPI_FlashErase(void)
{uint8_t cnt = 0;  //uint32_t uSectorIdxFirst = g_tSpiDevice.uTxDstAddr/SECTOR_SIZE;uint32_t uSectorIdxTail = (g_tSpiDevice.uTxDstAddr+g_tSpiDevice.wTxLen)/SECTOR_SIZE;uint32_t uCurrentSectorIdx = (g_tSpiDevice.uTxDstAddr + g_tSpiDevice.wTxOffset)/SECTOR_SIZE;if(uCurrentSectorIdx > uSectorIdxTail){g_tSpiDevice.tState.bEraseSectorReq = FALSE;g_tSpiDevice.tState.bEraseSuccess = TRUE;g_tSpiDevice.tState.eStage = eFLASH_STATE_IDLE;//дÍê³É ת¿ÕÏÐif(g_tSpiDevice.pEraseChipAsyncNotifyCallback){TODO Ò첽֪ͨ»Øµ÷ ¹©µ÷ÓÃÕßʵÏÖg_tSpiDevice.pEraseChipAsyncNotifyCallback();}return TRUE;}SPI_FLASH_Write_Enable();                  //SET WELwhile((SPI_Flash_Read_SR()&0x2)!=0x2) {cnt ++;if(cnt >200)return FALSE;}SPI_CS_LOW();                            SPI_Flash_ReadWrite_Byte(SECTOR_ERASE);      SPI_Flash_ReadWrite_Byte((unsigned char)((uCurrentSectorIdx*SECTOR_SIZE)>>16));   SPI_Flash_ReadWrite_Byte((unsigned char)((uCurrentSectorIdx*SECTOR_SIZE)>>8));  SPI_Flash_ReadWrite_Byte((unsigned char)(uCurrentSectorIdx*SECTOR_SIZE)); SPI_CS_HIGH(); g_tSpiDevice.wTxOffset += SECTOR_SIZE;//SPI_Flash_Wait_Busy(); g_tSpiDevice.tState.eStage = eFLASH_STATE_BUSY;//Òì²½¶Áæreturn TRUE;
}
//¿ÕÏд¦Àí×ÓÈÎÎñ
static void __SPI_FlashIdle(void)
{//Æô¶¯¸÷ÏîÈÎÎñif(g_tSpiDevice.tState.bTxReq == TRUE){g_tSpiDevice.tState.eStage = eFLASH_STATE_WRITE;} else if(g_tSpiDevice.tState.bRxReq == TRUE){g_tSpiDevice.tState.eStage = eFLASH_STATE_READ;} else if(g_tSpiDevice.tState.bEraseChipReq == TRUE){g_tSpiDevice.tState.eStage = eFLASH_STATE_ERASE_CHIP;}else if(g_tSpiDevice.tState.bEraseSectorReq == TRUE){g_tSpiDevice.tState.eStage = eFLASH_STATE_ERASE;}
}
//SPIÒì²½²Ù×÷´¦Àí×ÜÈÎÎñ
void SPI_FlashAsyncProcTask(void)
{switch(g_tSpiDevice.tState.eStage){case eFLASH_STATE_IDLE:__SPI_FlashIdle();break;case eFLASH_STATE_WRITE:__SPI_FlashWrite();break;case eFLASH_STATE_READ://TODObreak;case eFLASH_STATE_BUSY:__SPI_FlashBusy();break;case eFLASH_STATE_ERASE_CHIP:__SPI_FlashEraseChip();break;case eFLASH_STATE_ERASE:__SPI_FlashErase();break;default:break;}}














												


											

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