Python爬虫小白第一次爬虫

爬取豆瓣上华语电影里评分最高的20部影片的片名、类型、导演、演员、上映日期、片长、评分

Python用到的第三方库

import requests
from lxml import etree
import json

url='https://movie.douban.com/j/search_subjects?type=movie&tag=%E5%8D%8E%E8%AF%AD&sort=rank&page_limit=20&page_start=0'
head={'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/83.0.4103.97 Safari/537.36'
}resp = requests.get(url,headers=head)
print(resp.text)

{"subjects":[{"rate":"9.6","cover_x":600,"title":"霸王别姬","url":"https:\/\/movie.douban.com\/subject\/1291546\/","playable":true,"cover":"https://img3.doubanio.com\/view\/photo\/s_ratio_poster\/public\/p2561716440.jpg","id":"1291546","cover_y":889,"is_new":false},{"rate":"9.2","cover_x":3645,"title":"大话西游之大圣娶亲","url":"https:\/\/movie.douban.com\/subject\/1292213\/","playable":true,"cover":"https://img9.doubanio.com\/view\/photo\/s_ratio_poster\/public\/p2455050536.jpg","id":"1292213","cover_y":5103,"is_new":false},{"rate":"9.2","cover_x":1000,"title":"无间道","url":"https:\/\/movie.douban.com\/subject\/1307914\/","playable":true,"cover":"https://img3.doubanio.com\/view\/photo\/s_ratio_poster\/public\/p2564556863.jpg","id":"1307914","cover_y":1518,"is_new":false},{"rate":"9.0","cover_x":2810,"title":"我不是药神","url":"https:\/\/movie.douban.com\/subject\/26752088\/","playable":true,"cover":"https://img9.doubanio.com\/view\/photo\/s_ratio_poster\/public\/p2561305376.jpg","id":"26752088","cover_y":3937,"is_new":false},{"rate":"9.2","cover_x":1200,"title":"活着","url":"https:\/\/movie.douban.com\/subject\/1292365\/","playable":true,"cover":"https://img3.doubanio.com\/view\/photo\/s_ratio_poster\/public\/p2513253791.jpg","id":"1292365","cover_y":1695,"is_new":false},{"rate":"9.3","cover_x":800,"title":"大闹天宫","url":"https:\/\/movie.douban.com\/subject\/1418019\/","playable":true,"cover":"https://img1.doubanio.com\/view\/photo\/s_ratio_poster\/public\/p2184505167.jpg","id":"1418019","cover_y":1094,"is_new":false},{"rate":"9.2","cover_x":1515,"title":"鬼子来了","url":"https:\/\/movie.douban.com\/subject\/1291858\/","playable":false,"cover":"https://img1.doubanio.com\/view\/photo\/s_ratio_poster\/public\/p2553104888.jpg","id":"1291858","cover_y":2127,"is_new":false},{"rate":"9.0","cover_x":1280,"title":"大话西游之月光宝盒","url":"https:\/\/movie.douban.com\/subject\/1299398\/","playable":true,"cover":"https://img3.doubanio.com\/view\/photo\/s_ratio_poster\/public\/p2561721372.jpg","id":"1299398","cover_y":1830,"is_new":false},{"rate":"9.1","cover_x":404,"title":"饮食男女","url":"https:\/\/movie.douban.com\/subject\/1291818\/","playable":true,"cover":"https://img3.doubanio.com\/view\/photo\/s_ratio_poster\/public\/p1910899751.jpg","id":"1291818","cover_y":584,"is_new":false},{"rate":"8.8","cover_x":1500,"title":"让子弹飞","url":"https:\/\/movie.douban.com\/subject\/3742360\/","playable":true,"cover":"https://img1.doubanio.com\/view\/photo\/s_ratio_poster\/public\/p1512562287.jpg","id":"3742360","cover_y":2200,"is_new":false},{"rate":"9.5","cover_x":456,"title":"茶馆","url":"https:\/\/movie.douban.com\/subject\/1461403\/","playable":true,"cover":"https://img9.doubanio.com\/view\/photo\/s_ratio_poster\/public\/p2262122096.jpg","id":"1461403","cover_y":675,"is_new":false},{"rate":"9.2","cover_x":649,"title":"天书奇谭","url":"https:\/\/movie.douban.com\/subject\/1428581\/","playable":true,"cover":"https://img1.doubanio.com\/view\/photo\/s_ratio_poster\/public\/p2515539487.jpg","id":"1428581","cover_y":950,"is_new":false},{"rate":"9.4","cover_x":855,"title":"背靠背，脸对脸","url":"https:\/\/movie.douban.com\/subject\/1307856\/","playable":true,"cover":"https://img1.doubanio.com\/view\/photo\/s_ratio_poster\/public\/p2505048077.jpg","id":"1307856","cover_y":1189,"is_new":false},{"rate":"8.7","cover_x":1080,"title":"喜剧之王","url":"https:\/\/movie.douban.com\/subject\/1302425\/","playable":true,"cover":"https://img1.doubanio.com\/view\/photo\/s_ratio_poster\/public\/p2579932167.jpg","id":"1302425","cover_y":1599,"is_new":false},{"rate":"8.9","cover_x":487,"title":"春光乍泄","url":"https:\/\/movie.douban.com\/subject\/1292679\/","playable":true,"cover":"https://img3.doubanio.com\/view\/photo\/s_ratio_poster\/public\/p465939041.jpg","id":"1292679","cover_y":711,"is_new":false},{"rate":"9.1","cover_x":400,"title":"哪吒闹海","url":"https:\/\/movie.douban.com\/subject\/1307315\/","playable":true,"cover":"https://img3.doubanio.com\/view\/photo\/s_ratio_poster\/public\/p2516566783.jpg","id":"1307315","cover_y":556,"is_new":false},{"rate":"9.0","cover_x":1132,"title":"一一","url":"https:\/\/movie.douban.com\/subject\/1292434\/","playable":false,"cover":"https://img3.doubanio.com\/view\/photo\/s_ratio_poster\/public\/p2567845803.jpg","id":"1292434","cover_y":1600,"is_new":false},{"rate":"8.6","cover_x":730,"title":"唐伯虎点秋香","url":"https:\/\/movie.douban.com\/subject\/1306249\/","playable":true,"cover":"https://img9.doubanio.com\/view\/photo\/s_ratio_poster\/public\/p2357915564.jpg","id":"1306249","cover_y":1024,"is_new":false},{"rate":"8.5","cover_x":5594,"title":"哪吒之魔童降世","url":"https:\/\/movie.douban.com\/subject\/26794435\/","playable":true,"cover":"https://img9.doubanio.com\/view\/photo\/s_ratio_poster\/public\/p2563780504.jpg","id":"26794435","cover_y":8268,"is_new":false},{"rate":"8.7","cover_x":1400,"title":"倩女幽魂","url":"https:\/\/movie.douban.com\/subject\/1297447\/","playable":true,"cover":"https://img9.doubanio.com\/view\/photo\/s_ratio_poster\/public\/p2414157745.jpg","id":"1297447","cover_y":2100,"is_new":false}]}

jsons =json.loads(resp.text)
subjects = jsons['subjects']
movies=[]
for movie in subjects:dc={'id':movie['id'],'title':movie['title'],'rate':float(movie['rate']),'url':movie['url']}movies.append(dc)
print(movies)

[{'id': '1291546', 'title': '霸王别姬', 'rate': 9.6, 'url': 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/1291546/'}, {'id': '1292213', 'title': '大话西游之大圣娶亲', 'rate': 9.2, 'url': 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/1292213/'}, {'id': '1307914', 'title': '无间道', 'rate': 9.2, 'url': 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/1307914/'}, {'id': '26752088', 'title': '我不是药神', 'rate': 9.0, 'url': 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/26752088/'}, {'id': '1292365', 'title': '活着', 'rate': 9.2, 'url': 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/1292365/'}, {'id': '1418019', 'title': '大闹天宫', 'rate': 9.3, 'url': 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/1418019/'}, {'id': '1291858', 'title': '鬼子来了', 'rate': 9.2, 'url': 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/1291858/'}, {'id': '1299398', 'title': '大话西游之月光宝盒', 'rate': 9.0, 'url': 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/1299398/'}, {'id': '1291818', 'title': '饮食男女', 'rate': 9.1, 'url': 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/1291818/'}, {'id': '3742360', 'title': '让子弹飞', 'rate': 8.8, 'url': 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/3742360/'}, {'id': '1461403', 'title': '茶馆', 'rate': 9.5, 'url': 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/1461403/'}, {'id': '1428581', 'title': '天书奇谭', 'rate': 9.2, 'url': 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/1428581/'}, {'id': '1307856', 'title': '背靠背，脸对脸', 'rate': 9.4, 'url': 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/1307856/'}, {'id': '1302425', 'title': '喜剧之王', 'rate': 8.7, 'url': 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/1302425/'}, {'id': '1292679', 'title': '春光乍泄', 'rate': 8.9, 'url': 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/1292679/'}, {'id': '1307315', 'title': '哪吒闹海', 'rate': 9.1, 'url': 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/1307315/'}, {'id': '1292434', 'title': '一一', 'rate': 9.0, 'url': 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/1292434/'}, {'id': '1306249', 'title': '唐伯虎点秋香', 'rate': 8.6, 'url': 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/1306249/'}, {'id': '26794435', 'title': '哪吒之魔童降世', 'rate': 8.5, 'url': 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/26794435/'}, {'id': '1297447', 'title': '倩女幽魂', 'rate': 8.7, 'url': 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/1297447/'}]

urlm =  'https://movie.douban.com/subject/1291546/'
resp_detail = requests.get(urlm,headers=head)
html = etree.HTML(resp_detail.text)#片名
name= html.xpath('//span[@property="v:itemreviewed"]/text()')
print(name)#导演
directedBy= html.xpath('//a[@rel="v:directedBy"]/text()')
print(directedBy)#主演
actors= html.xpath('//a[@rel="v:starring"]/text()')
print(actors)#类型
categories = html.xpath('//span[@property="v:genre"]/text()')
print(categories)#上映时间
release_date= html.xpath('//span[@property="v:initialReleaseDate"]/text()')
print(release_date)#片长
time= html.xpath('//span[@property="v:runtime"]/text()')
print(time)#评分
average=html.xpath('//strong[@property="v:average"]/text()')
print(average)

['霸王别姬']
['陈凯歌']
['张国荣', '张丰毅', '巩俐', '葛优', '英达', '蒋雯丽', '吴大维', '吕齐', '雷汉', '尹治', '马明威', '费振翔', '智一桐', '李春', '赵海龙', '李丹', '童弟', '沈慧芬', '黄斐', '徐杰']
['剧情', '爱情', '同性']
['1993-01-01(中国香港)', '1993-07-26(中国大陆)']
['171分钟']
['9.6']

def get_movie_details(movie_url):result = {}resp_detail = requests.get(movie_url,headers=head)html = etree.HTML(resp_detail.text)#片名name= html.xpath('//span[@property="v:itemreviewed"]/text()')result['片名']=name#导演directedBy= html.xpath('//a[@rel="v:directedBy"]/text()')result['导演']=directedBy#主演actors= html.xpath('//a[@rel="v:starring"]/text()')result['主演']=actors#类型categories = html.xpath('//span[@property="v:genre"]/text()')result['类型']=categories#上映时间release_date= html.xpath('//span[@property="v:initialReleaseDate"]/text()')result['上映时间']=release_date#片长time= html.xpath('//span[@property="v:runtime"]/text()')result['片长']=time#评分average=html.xpath('//strong[@property="v:average"]/text()')result['评分']=averagereturn result

jsons =json.loads(resp.text)
subjects = jsons['subjects']
movie_url=[]
for movie in subjects:url=movie['url']movie_url.append(url)
print(movie_url)

['https://movie.douban.com/subject/1291546/', 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/1292213/', 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/1307914/', 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/26752088/', 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/1292365/', 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/1418019/', 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/1291858/', 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/1299398/', 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/1291818/', 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/3742360/', 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/1461403/', 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/1428581/', 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/1307856/', 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/1302425/', 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/1292679/', 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/1307315/', 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/1292434/', 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/1306249/', 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/26794435/', 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/1297447/']

for i in movie_url:get_movie_details(i)print(get_movie_details(i))print(i)

{'片名': ['霸王别姬'], '导演': ['陈凯歌'], '主演': ['张国荣', '张丰毅', '巩俐', '葛优', '英达', '蒋雯丽', '吴大维', '吕齐', '雷汉', '尹治', '马明威', '费振翔', '智一桐', '李春', '赵海龙', '李丹', '童弟', '沈慧芬', '黄斐', '徐杰'], '类型': ['剧情', '爱情', '同性'], '上映时间': ['1993-01-01(中国香港)', '1993-07-26(中国大陆)'], '片长': ['171分钟'], '评分': ['9.6']}
https://movie.douban.com/subject/1291546/
{'片名': ['大话西游之大圣娶亲 西遊記大結局之仙履奇緣'], '导演': ['刘镇伟'], '主演': ['周星驰', '吴孟达', '朱茵', '蔡少芬', '蓝洁瑛', '莫文蔚', '罗家英', '刘镇伟', '陆树铭', '李健仁'], '类型': ['喜剧', '爱情', '奇幻', '古装'], '上映时间': ['1995-02-04(中国香港)', '2014-10-24(中国大陆)', '2017-04-13(中国大陆重映)'], '片长': ['95分钟'], '评分': ['9.2']}
https://movie.douban.com/subject/1292213/
{'片名': ['无间道 無間道'], '导演': ['刘伟强', '麦兆辉'], '主演': ['刘德华', '梁朝伟', '黄秋生', '曾志伟', '郑秀文', '陈慧琳', '陈冠希', '余文乐', '杜汶泽', '林家栋', '萧亚轩'], '类型': ['剧情', '悬疑', '犯罪'], '上映时间': ['2002-12-12(中国香港)', '2003-09-05(中国大陆)'], '片长': ['101分钟'], '评分': ['9.2']}
https://movie.douban.com/subject/1307914/
{'片名': ['我不是药神'], '导演': ['文牧野'], '主演': ['徐峥', '王传君', '周一围', '谭卓', '章宇', '杨新鸣', '王佳佳', '王砚辉', '贾晨飞', '龚蓓苾', '宁浩', '李乃文', '岳小军', '苇青', '富冠铭', '巴拉特·巴蒂', '喜利图', '张海艳', '朱耕佑'], '类型': ['剧情', '喜剧'], '上映时间': ['2018-07-05(中国大陆)', '2018-06-30(大规模点映)'], '片长': ['117分钟'], '评分': ['9.0']}
https://movie.douban.com/subject/26752088/
{'片名': ['活着'], '导演': ['张艺谋'], '主演': ['葛优', '巩俐', '姜武', '牛犇', '郭涛', '张璐', '倪大红', '肖聪', '董飞', '刘天池', '董立范', '黄宗洛', '刘燕瑾', '李连义', '杨同顺'], '类型': ['剧情', '家庭', '历史'], '上映时间': ['1994-06-30(中国香港)', '1994-05-17(戛纳电影节)'], '片长': ['132分钟'], '评分': ['9.2']}
https://movie.douban.com/subject/1292365/
{'片名': ['大闹天宫'], '导演': ['万籁鸣', '唐澄'], '主演': ['邱岳峰', '富润生', '毕克', '尚华', '于鼎', '李梓', '刘广宁'], '类型': ['动画', '奇幻'], '上映时间': ['1961(中国大陆)', '1964(中国大陆)', '1978(中国大陆)', '2004(中国大陆)'], '片长': ['114分钟'], '评分': ['9.3']}
https://movie.douban.com/subject/1418019/
{'片名': ['鬼子来了'], '导演': ['姜文'], '主演': ['姜文', '香川照之', '袁丁', '姜宏波', '丛志军', '李从喜', '泽田谦也', '李海滨', '蔡卫东', '陈述', '陈莲梅', '史建全', '陈强', '宫路佳具', '吴大维', '梶冈润一', '石山雄大', '述平', '姜武'], '类型': ['剧情', '喜剧'], '上映时间': ['2000-05-12(戛纳电影节)', '2002-04-27(日本)'], '片长': ['139分钟'], '评分': ['9.2']}
https://movie.douban.com/subject/1291858/
{'片名': ['大话西游之月光宝盒 西遊記第壹佰零壹回之月光寶盒'], '导演': ['刘镇伟'], '主演': ['周星驰', '吴孟达', '罗家英', '蓝洁瑛', '莫文蔚', '江约诚', '陆树铭', '刘镇伟', '朱茵', '李健仁'], '类型': ['喜剧', '爱情', '奇幻', '古装'], '上映时间': ['1995-01-21(中国香港)', '2014-10-24(中国大陆)'], '片长': ['87分钟'], '评分': ['9.0']}
https://movie.douban.com/subject/1299398/
{'片名': ['饮食男女 飲食男女'], '导演': ['李安'], '主演': ['郎雄', '杨贵媚', '吴倩莲', '王渝文', '张艾嘉', '归亚蕾', '赵文瑄', '陈昭荣', '陈捷文', '卢金城', '唐语谦', '洪其德', '王瑞', '杜满生', '王玨', '陈妤', '左正芬', '许敬民', '聂卓晶', '丁仲'], '类型': ['剧情', '家庭'], '上映时间': ['1994-08-03(美国)'], '片长': ['124分钟'], '评分': ['9.1']}
https://movie.douban.com/subject/1291818/
{'片名': ['让子弹飞'], '导演': ['姜文'], '主演': ['姜文', '葛优', '周润发', '刘嘉玲', '陈坤', '张默', '姜武', '周韵', '廖凡', '姚橹', '邵兵', '苗圃', '冯小刚', '胡军', '马珂', '白冰', '杜奕衡', '李静', '胡明', '危笑', '杨奇雨', '赵铭'], '类型': ['剧情', '喜剧', '动作', '西部'], '上映时间': ['2010-12-16(中国大陆)'], '片长': ['132分钟'], '评分': ['8.8']}
https://movie.douban.com/subject/3742360/
{'片名': ['茶馆'], '导演': ['谢添'], '主演': ['于是之', '郑榕', '蓝天野', '英若诚', '黄宗洛', '童超', '金昭', '林连昆', '牛星丽', '谭宗尧', '童弟', '吴淑昆', '胡宗温', '程中', '李大千', '李源', '李翔', '张瞳', '任宝贤', '尚丽娟', '米铁增', '田春奎', '冯增祥', '雷飞', '林东升', '孟瑾', '孙俊峰', '平原', '曹世骧', '王大年', '王淑华', '张华', '丁海涛', '朱旭', '孙敬修', '曹孟浪', '何康理'], '类型': ['剧情', '历史'], '上映时间': ['1982'], '片长': ['118分钟'], '评分': ['9.5']}
https://movie.douban.com/subject/1461403/
{'片名': ['天书奇谭'], '导演': ['王树忱', '钱运达'], '主演': ['丁建华', '毕克', '苏秀', '程晓桦', '施融', '于鼎', '杨成纯', '孙渝烽', '胡庆汉', '尚华', '刘广宁', '乔榛', '严崇德', '伍经纬', '童自荣', '程玉珠', '曹雷', '王建新', '杨文元', '富润生', '刘钦', '刘风', '翟巍', '张欣', '郭易峰', '王肖兵'], '类型': ['动画', '奇幻'], '上映时间': ['1983(中国大陆)'], '片长': ['89分钟'], '评分': ['9.2']}
https://movie.douban.com/subject/1428581/
{'片名': ['背靠背，脸对脸'], '导演': ['黄建新', '杨亚洲'], '主演': ['牛振华', '雷恪生', '李强', '句号', '王劲松', '戈治均', '佘南南', '张嘉译', '刘国祥', '徐学政', '林海海', '温谦', '马载军', '吴玮玲', '张艺', '韩炳杰', '杨亚洲', '王馥荔'], '类型': ['剧情'], '上映时间': ['1994-09-10(多伦多电影节)'], '片长': ['141分钟'], '评分': ['9.4']}
https://movie.douban.com/subject/1307856/
{'片名': ['喜剧之王 喜劇之王'], '导演': ['周星驰', '李力持'], '主演': ['周星驰', '张柏芝', '莫文蔚', '吴孟达', '林子善', '田启文', '李兆基', '成龙', '李思捷', '郑文辉'], '类型': ['剧情', '喜剧', '爱情'], '上映时间': ['1999-02-13(中国香港)'], '片长': ['89分钟'], '评分': ['8.7']}
https://movie.douban.com/subject/1302425/
{'片名': ['春光乍泄 春光乍洩'], '导演': ['王家卫'], '主演': ['张国荣', '梁朝伟', '张震', '格利高里·戴顿'], '类型': ['剧情', '爱情', '同性'], '上映时间': ['1997-05-30(中国香港)', '1997-05-17(戛纳电影节)'], '片长': ['96分钟'], '评分': ['8.9']}
https://movie.douban.com/subject/1292679/
{'片名': ['哪吒闹海'], '导演': ['严定宪', '王树忱', '徐景达'], '主演': ['梁正晖', '邱岳峰', '毕克', '富润生', '尚华', '于鼎'], '类型': ['动画', '奇幻', '冒险'], '上映时间': ['1979-05-19(中国大陆)'], '片长': ['65分钟'], '评分': ['9.1']}
https://movie.douban.com/subject/1307315/
{'片名': ['一一'], '导演': ['杨德昌'], '主演': ['吴念真', '李凯莉', '金燕玲', '张洋洋', '萧淑慎', '尾形一成', '陈希圣', '林孟瑾', '陈以文', '柯宇纶', '张育邦', '柯素云', '唐如韫', '徐淑媛', '曾心怡', '陶传正'], '类型': ['剧情', '爱情', '家庭'], '上映时间': ['2017-07-28(中国台湾)', '2000-05-14(戛纳电影节)', '2000-12-16(日本)'], '片长': ['173分钟'], '评分': ['9.0']}
https://movie.douban.com/subject/1292434/
{'片名': ['唐伯虎点秋香 唐伯虎點秋香'], '导演': ['李力持'], '主演': ['周星驰', '巩俐', '陈百祥', '郑佩佩', '朱咪咪', '梁家仁', '苑琼丹', '梁荣忠', '黄一山', '黄霑', '吴镇宇', '刘家辉', '蓝洁瑛', '谷德昭', '陈辉虹', '李健仁', '宣萱', '温翠苹'], '类型': ['喜剧', '爱情', '古装'], '上映时间': ['1993-07-01(中国香港)'], '片长': ['102 分钟'], '评分': ['8.6']}
https://movie.douban.com/subject/1306249/
{'片名': ['哪吒之魔童降世'], '导演': ['饺子'], '主演': ['吕艳婷', '囧森瑟夫', '瀚墨', '陈浩', '绿绮', '张珈铭', '杨卫'], '类型': ['剧情', '喜剧', '动画', '奇幻'], '上映时间': ['2019-07-26(中国大陆)', '2019-07-13(大规模点映)'], '片长': ['110分钟'], '评分': ['8.5']}
https://movie.douban.com/subject/26794435/
{'片名': ['倩女幽魂'], '导演': ['程小东'], '主演': ['张国荣', '王祖贤', '午马', '刘兆铭', '林威', '薛芷伦', '胡大为', '王晶'], '类型': ['爱情', '奇幻', '武侠', '古装'], '上映时间': ['1987-07-18(中国香港)', '2011-04-30(中国大陆)'], '片长': ['98分钟(香港)'], '评分': ['8.7']}
https://movie.douban.com/subject/1297447/

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