1 import requests
 2 from lxml import etree
 3
 4 '''访问“8684公交查询网”，抓取太原市公交路线：'''
 5
 6 headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; Win64; x64) '
 7                          'AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) '
 8                          'Chrome/73.0.3683.86 Safari/537.36'}
 9
10 #用来保存公交路线信息
11 items = []
12
13 def get_navigation():
14     '''获取内容'''
15     url = 'https://taiyuan.8684.cn/'
16     print('正在获取导航链接')
17     r = requests.get(url,headers=headers)
18
19     #解析内容，获取导航跳转链接
20     tree = etree.HTML(r.text)
21     #查找以数字开头的路线链接
22     num_href_list = tree.xpath('//div[@class="bus_kt_r1"]/a/@href')
23     # 查找以字母开头的路线链接
24     char_href_list = tree.xpath('//div[@class="bus_kt_r2"]/a/@href')
25     #返回导航链接
26     return num_href_list + char_href_list
27
28 def get_route(navi_list):
29     #循环遍历链接列表，发送请求，获取每个链接下的公交路线
30     route_list = []
31     for i in navi_list:
32         route_url = 'https://taiyuan.8684.cn' + i
33         print('正在获取以%s开头的公交路线' %i)
34         r = requests.get(route_url,headers=headers)
35
36         #解析内容,获取公交路线
37         tree = etree.HTML(r.text)
38         href_list = tree.xpath('//div[@id="con_site_1"]/a/@href')
39         for href in href_list:
40             route_list.append(href)
41     return route_list
42
43 def get_info(route_list):
44     for route in route_list:
45         info_url = 'https://taiyuan.8684.cn' + route
46         r = requests.get(info_url,headers=headers)
47
48         #解析获取具体信息
49         tree = etree.HTML(r.text)
50         route_name = tree.xpath('//div[@class="bus_i_t1"]/h1/text()')[0]
51         print('正在获取%s的路线信息' % route_name)
52         run_time = tree.xpath('//p[@class="bus_i_t4"][1]/text()')[0]
53         ticket_price = tree.xpath('//p[@class="bus_i_t4"][2]/text()')[0]
54         update_time = tree.xpath('//p[@class="bus_i_t4"][4]/text()')[0]
55         station_num = tree.xpath('//div[@class="bus_line_top "]/span/text()')
56         if len(station_num) == 2:
57             up_num = station_num[0]
58             up_station_name = tree.xpath('//div[@class="bus_line_site "][1]/div/div/a/text()')
59             down_num = station_num[1]
60             down_station_name = tree.xpath('//div[@class="bus_line_site "][2]/div/div/a/text()')
61         else:
62             up_num = station_num[0]
63             down_num = station_num[0]
64             up_station_name = tree.xpath('//div[@class="bus_line_site "]/div/div/a/text()')
65             down_station_name = tree.xpath('//div[@class="bus_line_site "]/div/div/a/text()')
66
67         #写入字典
68         item = {'路线名':route_name,
69                 '运行时间':run_time,
70                 '票价':ticket_price,
71                 '更新时间':update_time,
72                 '上行站数':up_num,
73                 '上行站名':up_station_name,
74                 '下行站数':down_num,
75                 '下行站名':down_station_name,}
76
77         items.append(item)
78
79 def main():
80     #获取所有公交路线导航链接
81     navi_list = get_navigation()
82     print('导航链接爬取完毕')
83
84     #循环遍历导航链接列表，找到所有公交路线
85     route_list = get_route(navi_list)
86     print('公交路线爬取完毕')
87
88     # 遍历路线表，获取具体信息
89     info_list = get_info(route_list)
90     print('具体信息爬取完毕')
91
92     #爬取完毕，写入文件
93     fp = open('8684_太原公交路线.txt','w',encoding='utf8')
94     for item in items:
95         fp.write(str(item) + '\n')
96     fp.close()
97
98 if __name__ == '__main__':
99     main()