文章目录

  • 生猛干货
  • 官方文档
  • Step1.确认操作系统的版本
  • Step2. 检查并卸载MariaDB
  • Step3. 下载RPM
  • Step4. 安装rpm包 并确认yum源
  • Step5. 安装 MySQL
  • Step6. 启动 MySQL
  • Step7. 登录MySQL
  • Step8. 开启远程访问
  • 常见错误
    • [ERROR] --initialize specified but the data directory has files in it. Aborting.
      • 解决办法
    • Initialization of mysqld failed: 0
      • 解决办法
  • MySQL启停
  • 防火墙的相关设置
  • 搞定MySQL

生猛干货

带你搞定MySQL实战，轻松对应海量业务处理及高并发需求，从容应对大场面试

官方文档

https://dev.mysql.com/doc/

如果英文不好的话，可以参考 searchdoc 翻译的中文版本

http://www.searchdoc.cn/rdbms/mysql/dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/index.com.coder114.cn.html

Step1.确认操作系统的版本

[root@artisan ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.7.1908 (Core)
[root@artisan ~]#

CentOS7 及以上版本 默认安装了 MariaDB ，MariaDB是MySQL源代码的一个分支, 该分支完全兼容MySQL 。

CentOS 7为什么放弃了MySQL，而改使用MariaDB？。简言之，MySQL被Oracle收购后，为了避免后续的法律纠纷，好多操作系统厂商都集成了开源免费的MariaDB了。

Step2. 检查并卸载MariaDB

yum list installed | grep mariadb  ---- 查询已安装的mariadbyum -y remove mariadb*  ----- 移除已安装的mariadb

[root@artisan ~]# yum list installed | grep mariadb
mariadb-libs.x86_64               1:5.5.35-3.el7                       @anaconda
mariadb-libs.x86_64               1:5.5.64-1.el7                       installed
[root@artisan ~]#
[root@artisan ~]# yum -y remove mariadb*
......
......
......
Complete!
[root@artisan ~]#
[root@artisan ~]#

重新查看，确保写在完成

[root@artisan ~]# yum list installed | grep mariadb
[root@artisan ~]#

Step3. 下载RPM

访问： https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/

[root@artisan ~]# cd /usr/local/
[root@artisan local]# mkdir mysql
[root@artisan local]# cd mysql
[root@artisan mysql]# [root@artisan mysql]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm

如果想要确认下载的文件是否完整，可通过md5sum生成MD5值并确保同官方网站上的MD5值相同，以确保文件无损坏。

[root@artisan mysql]# md5sum mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm
c070b754ce2de9f714ab4db4736c7e05  mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm
[root@artisan mysql]#

Step4. 安装rpm包 并确认yum源

[root@artisan mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm


[root@artisan mysql]# yum repolist enabled | grep "mysql.*-community.*"

查看 MySQL 版本

[root@artisan mysql]# yum repolist all | grep mysql

Step5. 安装 MySQL

[root@artisan mysql]# yum install mysql-community-server

一路y即可 ,下载安装，静候…

Step6. 启动 MySQL

[root@artisan mysql]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@artisan mysql]#

查看进程

[root@artisan mysql]# ps -ef|grep mysqld |grep -v grep
mysql    118107      1  0 23:46 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
[root@artisan mysql]#

https://blog.csdn.net/u011886447/article/details/79796802

Step7. 登录MySQL

[root@artisan mysql]# mysql -u root
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
[root@artisan mysql]#

刚安装的 MySQL 是没有密码的,所以需要设置密码

  • ① 停止 MySQL 服务：systemctl stop mysqld

  • ② 以不检查权限的方式启动 MySQL: mysqld --user=root --skip-grant-tables &

  • ③ 再次输入 mysql -u root 或者 mysql，这次就可以进来了。

  • ④ 更新密码：

MySQL 5.7 以下版本：UPDATE mysql.user SET Password=PASSWORD('artisan') where USER='root';MySQL 5.7 版本：UPDATE mysql.user SET authentication_string=PASSWORD('artisan') where USER='root';
  • ⑤ 刷新：flush privileges;

⑥ 退出：exit;

设置完之后，输入 mysql -u root -p，这时输入刚设置的密码，就可以登进数据库了。

[root@artisan mysql]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.29Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql>
mysql>
mysql> use mysql;
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.
mysql> mysql> use mysql;
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.
mysql>
mysql> SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('artisan');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql>

Step8. 开启远程访问

[root@artisan mysql]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 6
Server version: 5.7.29 MySQL Community Server (GPL)Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql>
mysql>
mysql>
mysql> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -ADatabase changed
mysql> update user set host = '%' where user = 'root';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.29 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)mysql>

其他方式 参考 ：mysql开启远程访问权限

mysql> insert into user (host, user, password) values('192.168.0.51','root',password('123'));


GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'myuser'@'%'IDENTIFIED BY 'mypassword' WITH GRANT OPTION;

grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'192.168.0.49'identified by '123' with grant option;

常见错误

[ERROR] --initialize specified but the data directory has files in it. Aborting.

[root@artisan mysql]# systemctl start mysqld
Job for mysqld.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status mysqld.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.
[root@artisan mysql]# systemctl status mysqld.service
● mysqld.service - MySQL ServerLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)Active: deactivating (final-sigterm) (Result: exit-code)Docs: man:mysqld(8)http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.htmlProcess: 28796 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)Process: 28773 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service└─28799 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pidJan 27 08:55:43 artisan systemd[1]: mysqld.service holdoff time over, scheduling restart.
Jan 27 08:55:43 artisan systemd[1]: Stopped MySQL Server.
Jan 27 08:55:43 artisan systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
Jan 27 08:55:43 artisan mysqld_pre_systemd[28773]: 2020-01-27T00:55:43.664988Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit... details).
Jan 27 08:55:43 artisan mysqld_pre_systemd[28773]: 2020-01-27T00:55:43.685134Z 0 [ERROR] --initialize specified but the data directory has files in it. Aborting.
Jan 27 08:55:43 artisan mysqld_pre_systemd[28773]: 2020-01-27T00:55:43.685213Z 0 [ERROR] Aborting
Jan 27 08:55:44 artisan systemd[1]: mysqld.service: control process exited, code=exited status=1
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
[root@artisan mysql]# systemctl start firewalld
[root@artisan mysql]#
[root@artisan mysql]#

找下关键的信息： [ERROR] --initialize specified but the data directory has files in it. Aborting.

既然说了data directory不为空，那就去/etc/my.cnf 配置文件看下mysql的配置去吧

到这个datadir指定的目录下去瞅瞅吧

确实不为空。 那按照信息提示，那就清空了再启呗

结果验证，清了也没用，依然是这个错，那就…

解决办法

MySQL的官网上找找吧

https://bugs.mysql.com/bug.php?id=79442

那就关闭 SELinux 吧

CentOS7关闭SELinux吧

[root@artisan mysql]# getenforce
Enforcing# 临时变更 # 设置SELinux 成为permissive模式
# setenforce 1 设置SELinux 成为enforcing模式[root@artisan mysql]# setenforce 0
[root@artisan mysql]# getenforce
Permissive
[root@artisan mysql]#

永久改变

将SELINUX=enforcing改为SELINUX=disabled ，重启生效

Initialization of mysqld failed: 0

查看下 mysql的日志 /var/log/mysqld.log

解决办法

那就重新停一次吧

[root@artisan mysql]# ps aux|grep mysql
mysql    117306  5.7 17.4 1122336 174664 ?      Sl   23:33   0:01 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
root     117352  0.0  0.0 112716   960 pts/1    R+   23:34   0:00 grep --color=auto mysql
[root@artisan mysql]# systemctl stop mysqld
[root@artisan mysql]# ps aux|grep mysql
root     117379  0.0  0.0 112716   964 pts/1    S+   23:34   0:00 grep --color=auto mysql

kill 不行，每次都会自动拉起。

然后重启mysql

[root@artisan mysql]# systemctl start  mysqld
[root@artisan mysql]#
[root@artisan mysql]#
[root@artisan mysql]#
[root@artisan mysql]# ps -ef|grep mysql
mysql    117703      1  8 23:40 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
root     117739  74961  0 23:40 pts/1    00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysql

MySQL启停

#启动mysql
[root@artisan mysql]systemctl start mysqld    #停止mysqld
[root@artisan mysql]systemctl stop mysqld   #重启mysqld
[root@artisan mysql]systemctl restart mysqld   #设置开机启动
[root@artisan mysql]systemctl enable mysqld   #查看 MySQL Server 状态
[root@artisan mysql]systemctl status mysqld

防火墙的相关设置

生产环境一般我们都是不会关闭防火墙的，所以开放特定端口即可。

# 查看防火墙状态[root@artisan mysql]# systemctl status firewalld
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemonLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)Active: inactive (dead)# 打开防火墙
[root@artisan mysql]# systemctl start firewalld
# 防火墙状态[root@artisan mysql]# systemctl status firewalld
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemonLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)Active: active (running) since Tue 2020-01-28 02:43:15 CST; 9s agoMain PID: 127040 (firewalld)CGroup: /system.slice/firewalld.service└─127040 /usr/bin/python -Es /usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopidJan 28 02:43:14 artisan systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
Jan 28 02:43:15 artisan systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.# 开放 3306 端口  TCP UDP[root@artisan mysql]# firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp
success
[root@artisan mysql]#
[root@artisan mysql]# firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-port=3306/udp
success
[root@artisan mysql]#
[root@artisan mysql]# firewall-cmd --reload
success
[root@artisan mysql]# # CentOS 7，需要将 MySQL 服务加入防火墙，重启防火墙[root@artisan mysql]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --permanent --add-service=mysql
success
[root@artisan mysql]#
[root@artisan mysql]# systemctl restart firewalld
[root@artisan mysql]#

搞定MySQL

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