环境说明：

版本 version 5.6.25-log

主库ip: 10.219.24.25

从库ip：10.219.24.22

os 版本： centos 6.7

已安装热备软件：xtrabackup

防火墙已关

补充：

主从复制原理： http://blog.csdn.net/zhang123456456/article/details/72972701

mysql 5.6安装 ：http://blog.csdn.net/zhang123456456/article/details/53608554

xtrabackup 安装： http://blog.csdn.net/zhang123456456/article/details/72836184

一主一从搭建流程：

1、 主库参数调整

-- 停止主库mysql

[root@mysql02 ~]# service mysql stop

[root@mysql02 ~]# netstat -nltp|grep mysql|grep 3606

-- 调整 my.cnf 参数

[root@mysql02 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf

[client]

password = oracle

port = 3306

socket = /data/mysql/mysql.sock

[mysqld]

server-id=25

port = 3306

socket = /data/mysql/mysql.sock

character_set_server = utf8

character_set_client = utf8

collation-server=utf8_general_ci

lower_case_table_names = 1

max_connections = 1000

datadir = /data/mysql

log_bin = /data/mysql/binarylog/binlog

log_bin_index = /data/mysql/binarylog/binlog

binlog_format = mixed

innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:12M:autoextend

[mysql]

default-character-set = utf8

说明：主库必须配置的参数

server-id (主从的server-id必须不同)、log_bin、binlog_format

-- 启动主库

[root@mysql02 ~]# mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf &

2、 从库参数调整

-- 停止从库mysql

[root@mysql01 ~]# service mysql stop

[root@mysql01 ~]# netstat -nltp|grep mysql|grep 3606

-- 调整 my.cnf 参数

[root@mysql01 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf

[client]

password = oracle

port = 3306

socket = /data/mysql/mysql.sock

[mysqld]

server-id=22

port = 3306

socket = /data/mysql/mysql.sock

character_set_server = utf8

character_set_client = utf8

collation-server=utf8_general_ci

lower_case_table_names = 1

max_connections = 1000

datadir = /data/mysql

log_bin = /data/mysql/binarylog/binlog

log_bin_index = /data/mysql/binarylog/binlog

relay-log = /data/mysql/relaylog/relay

relay-log-index = /data/mysql/relaylog/relay

relay_log_purge = on

read-only = 1

[mysql]

default-character-set = utf8

说明：从库必须配置的参数

server-id、log_bin、relay-log、read-only

3、 主库备份

-- 主库备份目录

[root@mysql02 full]# pwd

/xtrabackup/full

-- 主库 innobackupex 备份

[root@mysql02 ~]# innobackupex --user=root --password=oracle --port=3606 /xtrabackup/full/

170610 17:50:23 Backup created in directory '/xtrabackup/full/2017-06-10_17-50-19/'

MySQL binlog position: filename 'binlog.000010', position '120'

....

170610 17:50:23 completed OK!

-- 查看备份 binlog编号 与 截止 position

[root@mysql02 2017-06-10_17-50-19]# cat xtrabackup_binlog_info

binlog.000010120

4、 从库创建与主库相同的备份目录

[root@mysql01 ~]# mkdir -p /xtrabackup/full

[root@mysql01 ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /xtrabackup/full/

5、 主库将备份 scp 到从库

[root@mysql02 full]# pwd

/xtrabackup/full

[root@mysql02 full]# scp -r 2017-06-10_17-50-19 10.219.24.22:/xtrabackup/full

6、 从库查看scp过来的备份

[root@mysql01 ~]# cd /xtrabackup/full/2017-06-10_17-50-19/

[root@mysql01 2017-06-10_17-50-19]# ll

total 12320

-rw-r-----. 1 root root 419 Jun 10 18:01 backup-my.cnf

-rw-r-----. 1 root root 12582912 Jun 10 18:01 ibdata1

drwxr-x---. 2 root root 4096 Jun 10 18:01 mysql

drwxr-x---. 2 root root 4096 Jun 10 18:01 performance_schema

drwxr-x---. 2 root root 4096 Jun 10 18:01 test

-rw-r-----. 1 root root 18 Jun 10 18:01 xtrabackup_binlog_info

-rw-r-----. 1 root root 113 Jun 10 18:01 xtrabackup_checkpoints

-rw-r-----. 1 root root 482 Jun 10 18:01 xtrabackup_info

-rw-r-----. 1 root root 2560 Jun 10 18:01 xtrabackup_logfile

7、 主库创建同步用户

mysql> GRANT replication slave ON *.* TO 'slave25'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'oracle';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)

8、 从库恢复主库数据

-- 从库将原有datadir文件夹重命名到新位置，并创建原文件夹

[root@mysql01 ~]# mv /data/mysql /data/mysqlbak

[root@mysql01 ~]# mkdir -p /data/mysql

-- innobackupex apply-log

[root@mysql01 ~]# innobackupex --apply-log --user=oracle \

--password=oracle --port=3606 /xtrabackup/full/2017-06-10_17-50-19/

-- innobackupex copy 恢复的文件到原来的数据位置

[root@mysql01 mysql]# innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=root \

--copy-back /xtrabackup/full/2017-06-10_17-50-19/

170610 18:25:11 completed OK!

-- 创建binlog目录与 relaylog 目录并赋权

[root@mysql01 ~]# mkdir -p /data/mysql/binarylog

[root@mysql01 ~]# mkdir -p /data/mysql/relaylog/

[root@mysql01 mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql

9、 从库配置与检测

-- 从库启动

[root@mysql01 mysql]# mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf &

-- 从库指定与主库同步的基本信息

mysql>

change master to

master_host='10.219.24.25',

master_port=3306,

master_user='slave25',

master_password='oracle',

master_log_file='binlog.000010',

master_log_pos=120;

Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.04 sec)

参数解释：

MASTER_HOST : 设置要连接的主服务器的ip地址

MASTER_USER : 设置要连接的主服务器的用户名

MASTER_PASSWORD : 设置要连接的主服务器的密码

MASTER_LOG_FILE : 设置要连接的主服务器的bin日志的日志名称

MASTER_LOG_POS : 设置要连接的主服务器的bin日志的记录位置

-- 启动slave 状态(开始监听msater的变化)

mysql> start slave;

Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

-- 查看slave的状态.

mysql> show slave status \G;

*************************** 1. row ***************************

Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event

Master_Host: 10.219.24.25 #主库 IP

Master_User: slave25 # 主库复制的用户

Master_Port: 3306 # 主库 mysqld

Connect_Retry: 60

Master_Log_File: binlog.000010 #io_thread 读取主库 master_log_file

Read_Master_Log_Pos: 717 # io_thread 读取主库 master_log_pos

Relay_Log_File: relay.000002

Relay_Log_Pos: 877

Relay_Master_Log_File: binlog.000010 #sql_thread 执行主库的 master_log_file

Slave_IO_Running: Yes # 关键的，io_thread 是否 running

Slave_SQL_Running: Yes # 关键的，sql_thread 是否 running

Replicate_Do_DB:

Replicate_Ignore_DB:

Replicate_Do_Table:

Replicate_Ignore_Table:

Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:

Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:

Last_Errno: 0

Last_Error:

Skip_Counter: 0

Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 717 #sql_thread 执行主库的 master_log_pos

Relay_Log_Space: 1040

Until_Condition: None

Until_Log_File:

Until_Log_Pos: 0

Master_SSL_Allowed: No

Master_SSL_CA_File:

Master_SSL_CA_Path:

Master_SSL_Cert:

Master_SSL_Cipher:

Master_SSL_Key:

Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 # 从库 的延迟

Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No

Last_IO_Errno: 0

Last_IO_Error:

Last_SQL_Errno: 0

Last_SQL_Error:

Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:

Master_Server_Id: 25

Master_UUID: 29d68531-4cf9-11e7-8e1f-000c297c4100

Master_Info_File: /data/mysql/master.info

SQL_Delay: 0

SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL

Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it

Master_Retry_Count: 86400

Master_Bind:

Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:

Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:

Master_SSL_Crl:

Master_SSL_Crlpath:

Retrieved_Gtid_Set:

Executed_Gtid_Set:

Auto_Position: 0

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

ERROR:

No query specified

10、 主从同步检查

-- 主库

mysql> create database repl;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> use repl

Database changed

mysql> create table repl (id int);

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> insert into repl values(1);

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

-- 从库

mysql> show databases;

+--------------------+

| Database |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| binarylog |

| mysql |

| performance_schema |

| relaylog |

| repl |

| test |

+--------------------+

7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> use repl

Reading table information for completion of table and column names

You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed

mysql> select * from repl;

+------+

| id |

+------+

| 1 |

+------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec) >同步成功！